Marine Safety: Case Study on Safety Equipment Fulfillment towards Ship Safety

: is study aimed to identify the fulﬁllment of safety equipment and its eﬀect towards ship safety. is study was conducted at some harbors in Indonesia such as Soekarno Hatta Harborat Makassar, Tanjung Perak Harbor at Surabaya and Tanjung Priok harbor at Jakarta. e sampling technique was Purposive sampling. Data were collected by questioners with Likertmodel scale. e obtained data then was being analysed using descriptive statistic andinferential statistic consisted of regression analysis and correlation.e result showed thattherewerepositive and signiﬁcant eﬀects between safety equipment fulﬁlment and sailor ship safety. e regression equation was . Moreover, safety equipment fulﬁlment hadstrong eﬀects toward sailor ship safety with 0.753 coeﬃcient correlation 55.3% contribution. Further, the other 44.7% was inﬂuenced by other variables.


Introduction
e number of sea transportation accidents over the world has been decreased in last decade. However, in some developing countries including Indonesia, the number of sea transportation accidents has not decreased. It is emphasized by sea transportation accidents that happened in Indonesian marine. Jinca said that based on the data from Indonesia's Sailor ship ministry, the number of ship accidents in Indonesia was wistfully happened (Jinca, 2011). Generally, the causes of ship accidents are: 78.45% human error, 9.67% technical problem, 1.07% weather, 10.75% weather and technical problem. us, the attempt to reduce sea transportation accidents need to be maintained because it emerges many risks such as death, injury, destruction property and material lost.
On the other side, sailor ship management claimed that all regulations and procedures have been executed well. Every 3 months, internal ship auditing will be held by company management, and every year external ship auditing will be executed by Port State Control in all harbours in Indonesia. ese procedure are assuring that the ship has fulfilled ISM Code (International Safety Management). e procedures include ship document checking, ship construction, safety infrastructure and equipment on the ship. Skill and competence of each personnel or crew must be reviewed based on their responsibility and task. Moreover, SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) must be enforced. SOLAS consists of regulations regarding on variety, amount and safety equipment's operation that must be available in various types of ship. Furthermore, LSA (Life Saving Appliances and Arrangements) is enforced as a guarantee of ship's seaworthiness (SOLAS, 2014). Neglecting in safety equipment fulfillment is one of the factors that cause fatal risks when ships voyage. As stated by Munzil as a public safety observer, every transportation accident happened in Indonesia usually caused many casualties more than hundred victims. It includes accidents in land, air and sea (ahir, 2015). For instance, a ship accident that causes many victims. It is caused by the lack of attention to passengers' safety. For instance, sea accident of KM marina happened at Kolaka sea, South east Sulawesi to Siwa, South Sulawesi. Many victims were missing and have not founded. Moreover, Munzil also adds that it is a classic problem of Indonesian's sailor ship. e problem of monitoring responsibility that does not run maximally causes the amount of victims oen more than manifested data registered in Syahbandar. us, it may be one of imbalance factors between the amount of safety equipment and passengers (ahir, 2015). Seaworthiness is based on Regulation number 17 2008 regarding on sailor ship article 17 paragraph 2 that includes ship safety, pollution prevention of ship, ship crew's recruitment, cargo line and loading, crew's and passengers' safety, ship's legal status, and safety management. e seaworthiness fulfillment is proven with ship's certificate and license.

Methodology
is study was a quantitative study with survey approach. e survey study has three major goals they are describing particular situation, identifing measured situation to compare, and determining the correlation of particular situation. is study was conducted at some harbors in Indonesia such as Seokarno Hatta Harbor at Makassar, Tanjung Perak Harbor at Surabaya and Tanjung Priok harbor at Jakarta. e sampling technique was Purposive sampling. Data were collected using questioners with Likert model scale. e obtained data then was being analysed using descriptive statistic and inferential statistic consisted of regression analysis and correlation. e obtained data were primary data that granted directly with answered-questioner from respondents (Sugiyono, 2013). Data collection was conducted using some instruments as follows: a. Questionnaire of Safety equipment fulfilments b. Questionnaire of Indonesian flagged Ship's safety c. Interview

Data Analysis
Inferential analysis technique used correlation analysis of Pearson Product Moment (PPM) and double regression analysis (Multiple Linear Analysis). e usage of parametric statistic must fulfill every requirements of every variable that will be distributed normally and for multiple linear analyses must be independent from data's multi co-linearity. erefore, the examination is required before conducting parametric statistical analysis as follows: a. Data normality test is conducted to identify the normality of data distribution that becomes the requirement to determine what statistic suits with the next analysis. b. Data linearity test is used to identify linearity correlation between X variable (safety equipment fulfillment) and Y variable (Indonesian flagged Ship's safety).
c. Linear Regression test is used to examine the correlation between independent and dependent variables and explain how their relation. (1) : predicted value : Constanta or if charge X = 0 Research, Society and Development, 2019, vol. 8, no. 10, ISSN: 2525-3409 / 2525 PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative 4 : Regression coefficient : value of independent variable d. Correlation test is used to identify correlation level between dependent and independent variables using simple corelation formula: (2) : product moment correlation between and . Moreover, the contribution can be seen from the value of Determinant Coefficient or value of R square of the partial coefficient and multiplied with 100%.
(3) R: value of determinant coefficient (variables contribution) (Riduwan, 2009). SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version 20 is used to help data processing quickly and appropriately.

Descriptive Result of Readiness Analysis on Safety Equipment Fulfillment of Indonesian Ship
e data described in this study was the score of safety equipment fulfillment of Indonesian flagged ships that was obtained through questionnaire by closed mode to respondents. e results can be seen in table 1 below; Table 1. Readiness analysis on safety equipment fulfillment of Indonesian flagged ship.

Own Study
Based on the data obtained on table showed that mean was 39,86, median was 40,00, modus was 40,00, deviation standard was 2,99 with range of ship's safety equipment readiness score between 31,00 to 47,00. Moreover, the distribution test was conducted to identify the readiness of ship safety equipment. It is illustrated on Table 2 as follow: Table 2. Distribution test of ship safety equipment readiness of Indonesian flagged ships.

Own Study
Based on the data obtained in Table 2 showed that none of the respondents gave low safety equipment fulfillment for Indonesian flagged ships. Moreover, 8.7% respondents responded that the Indonesian flagged ships has medium safety equipment fulfillment. Further 91.3% respondents responded that Indonesian flagged ships had high safety equipment fulfillment. It concluded that, Indonesian flagged ships were in high category of safety equipment fulfillment.

Descriptive Analysis Result of Sailor Ship Safety of Indonesian Ship
Data described in this study were the safety score of Indonesian flagged ships that obtained from closed questionnaire. e results of descriptive analysis are seen in table 3 below: Table 3. Descriptive analysis on sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships Own Study.
Based on the table 3 above, it showed that the mean score was 32.42 and the median was 32.50 and modus for 33.00. e deviation standard was 3.03 with range score of sailor ship safety for25.00 to 39.00.
Moreover, the safety category of Indonesian flagged ships was identified using distribution test. e results were illustrated in table 4 as follow: Table 4. Distribution test on sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships.
Own Study Based on the table above, it showed that none of the respondents responded low safety sailor ship of Indonesian flagged Ships. Moreover, 16.7 % of respondents responded that sailor ship safety was medium. Meanwhile, 83.3% respondents responded that Indonesian flagged ships had high safety category. us, from the results above, it illustrated that Indonesian flagged ships had high category of sailor ship safety.

Normality Test
Normality test aimed to identify the variable distribution's normality, which showed in Table 5 below: Results of normality test used Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis obtained 0.72 significant value. e significant value was higher than alpha 0.05 so that the variable of safety equipment readiness was distributed normally. Furthermore, results of normality test on variable of safety sailor ship of Indonesian flagged ships were illustrated on Table 6 below: Results of normality test using Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis obtained significance value as 0.64. e significance value was higher than alpha value as 0.05 so that the variable data of sailor ship safety on Indonesian flagged ships was distributed normally.

Linearity Test
Linearity test aimed to identify variable of ship's safety equipment readiness that linearly affected variable of sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships. e result of linearity test was illustrated on Table 7 as follow: Table 7. Linearity test of safety equipment readiness toward sailor ship safety Own Study Based on table 7 the obtained-significance value was smaller than 0.05. us, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect between safety equipment readiness and ships' safety.

Regression Test
Regression analysis aimed to identify the effects between safety equipment readiness and sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships. e regression analysis was illustrated on the Table 8 below:  Table 8.

Regression Analysis
Own Study Based on Table8 above, Regression obtained result of with significance value smaller than 0.05 and value was higher than .e value of regression coefficient was positive. us, the value showed that there wassignificant and positive effects between safety equipment readiness and sailor ship safety ofIndonesian flagged ships.

Correlation Test
Correlation test aimed to identify the correlation of effect between safety equipment readiness and sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ship. e correlation test was illustrated on Table 9 as follow: Table 9. Correlation Test Own Study Table 9 above showed the obtained-coefficient value as 0,743. Based on the correlational coefficient interpretation, the value identified that variable of safety equipment readiness positively and strongly affected variable of sailor safety of Indonesian flagged ships.

Determination Test
Determination test aimed to identify the contribution between safety equipment readiness and sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships. e result of determination test can be seen in Table 10 below:

Discussion
e results showed that both variables of safety equipment readiness and sailor ship safety were in high category. It was obtained and explained by the responses of respondents from the questionnaire shared. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the presence of safety and emergency equipment such as: lifeboats and life ras, lifebuoys, lifejackets and attachments, buoyancy apparatus, emergency alarm system and public address system, two-way VHF radiotelephone sets and fire-fighting equipment were completely and maximally worked. Respondents' response regarding on safety equipment readiness was in line with respondents' response about sailor ship safety on Indonesian flagged ships. e respondent responded high category of safety equipment readiness and sailor ship safety. Moreover, based on regression analysis, regression equation was . e regression equation showed that every Constanta incensement on variable of safety equipment readiness of ships was 0.753. It illustrated that there was significant and positive effect between safety equipment preparations toward sailor ship safety. e higher safety equipment readiness, the higher sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships. Furthermore, data obtained from correlation coefficient was 0.753. e value of correlation coefficient illustrated that safety equipment preparations affected strongly towards sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships. Meanwhile, based on analysis of determination coefficient showed that the contribution of ships' safety equipment readiness was 55.3% and 44.7% was affected by other variables outside.

Conclusion
ere was a significant and positive effect of the readiness of safety equipment fulfillment towards sailor ship safety of Indonesian flagged ships. It showed that the preparation on ship safety equipment should be really noticed due to avoid the unexpected things. Furthermore, the more ready safety equipment prepared, the higher and safer sailor ship of Indonesian flagged ships.
Based on the result and discussion, then the researchers suggest; 1. For every party who responsible on ship safety should notice the importance of ship safety equipment preparation due to shipping safety. ey have to put attention on things that could increase the shipping safety.