Growth of leopard flower (Belamcanda chinensis) with humics acids in nursery garden Crescimento da flor leopardo (Belamcanda chinensis) com ácidos húmicos em viveiro Crescimento de la flor del leopardo (Belamcanda chinenses) com ácidos húmicos en un vivero

Humic acids constitute a fraction of organic matter that either has direct effects on the growth and development of ornamental plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the differential growth of the leopard flower (Belamcanda chinensis) from the application of humic acids extracted from poultry litter (HAPL) and bovine manure (HABM) during the nursery garden phase. The seeds were immersed in solutions of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mmol L of C in HAPL and in the same way for HABM. After 150 days, the plants were collected and measured the number of leaves, plant height, fresh matter of the aerial part, dry matter of the root, total fresh matter, and dry matter of the aerial part, dry matter of the root and total dry matter. The use of the correct concentration of humic acids stimulates the growth and accumulation of total dry material in the leopard plant in the order of 33% to 58% for HAPL and HABM respectively.


Introduction
The world production of flowers occupies approximately 190 thousand hectares and generates an approximate income of 16 billons dollars regarding production and 44 billons when speaking in terms of retail (Benschop et al. 2010;Weber et al. 2017;Mikovski et al. 2019). Thanks to the diversity of species possessing Brazil, many native and introduced flowers have a high potential for economic exploitation (Ibraflor, 2012), one of these is known as the common name flower leopard (Belamcanda chinensis). Plant Family "Iridaceae", herbaceous, perennial, floriferous and native to China and Japan, height 50-90 cm, flattened, long and arranged on the fan-shaped stem flowers, its inflorescence is erect, branched, with yellow-orange flowers with yellow dots (Lorenzi, 2008;Szandruk et al. 2018;Song et al. 2018;Téllez et al. 2020).
The ornamental plants international merchandise is widely competitive and seasonal pointed by periods of high demand and others of relative calm (Asocolflores, 2005). The production and marketing of flowers concentrated in two big actors Netherlands and Colombia, each one with 58.2% and 13.4% severally, of the world market (Fao, 2004). Other countries that have a strong presence are Italy, Denmark, France, Ecuador, and Mexico (Fao, 2004). The productivity of ornamental leopard flower is primarily evaluated by the plat height and commercial quality of inflorescences (Yang et al. 2012;Ji et al. 2020;Santos-Silva et al. 2020). Thus, different factors influence these variables such as climatic and soil conditions, mineral nutrition, irrigation quality, and the use of plant growth regulators (Maciel et al. 2013;Silva et al. 2013;Li et al. 2018).
In this context, the root-cutting treatment with humic substances that directly influence the growth and development of ornamental plants, which can be an alternative to increase the production and quality of the leopard ornamental plant (Baldotto et al. 2012(Baldotto et al. , 2013(Baldotto et al. , 2015. The humic acids represent a short part of the organic material corresponding to the fraction of the humic soluble substance in alkaline ways. The HA application can accelerate the germination and improve the height qualities, leaf area, weight of the dry material (root and shoot) and hence oleraceous and floriculture species production (Arancon et al., 2003;Primo et al., 2011;Baldotto et al., 2014). Although at the market there are commercial products that have the same work of the HA that is to give macro and micronutrients for the plant, increasing rooting and vegetative development (Bezerra et al., 2007), with high costs that do not allow small producers to access these products.
The present work has as an objective evaluate the growth of a floral species with commercial potential Leopard flower (Belamcanda chinensis), as an answer to the application of five concentration of HA obtained from poultry litter and five concentration of HA obtained from bovine manure under nursery control conditions.

Methodology
The experiment was conducted in the nursery garden of Departament of Floriculture of the Federal of Viçosa University in the Florestal city, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (19º53'57" S latitude 44º26'38" W) at 780 asl. The 10 treatments were distributed in the following order (Table 1).

Table1. Treatments used in the test.
Source: Authors.
The experimental unit consisted of two plants per tube, which remained in the nursery garden covered by 50% shade.
The design used was completely randomized with ten treatments and 15 replications for each treatment, five different concentrations of HA of two different types: humic acid extracted from poultry litter and bovine manure.
The analyzed variables were: the number of leaves (LN) by plant for each of the repetition, the height of the plant from it base until it apex with a measuring tape; also the measure of fresh matter shoot (FMS), fresh matter root (FMR) and fresh matter total (FMT) using the scale Shimadzu AY 200; subsequently, the samples were placed to dry in a forced air oven at 60º for 7 days and measurements of dry matter shoot (DMS), dry matter root (DMR) and the fresh matter total (FMT) were performed.

Results and Discussion
The results of the analysis of growth and production of ornamental plants of leopard (Belamcanda chinensis) in response to the increased concentration of the application of humic acids (HAPL and HABM) showed a difference in the performance of rooting and development of the aerial part, as shown in the table below ( Table 2) Table 2. Medium, residual mean square (RMS) and coefficients of variation (CV%) for the number of leaves (NL), plant height (PH), fresh matter of shoots (FMS), fresh matter of root (FMR), fresh matter total (FMT), dry matter of shoot (DMS), dry matter of root (DMR) and total dry matter (DMT) as a function of increasing concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mmol L -1 of C) isolated humic acid poultry litter (HAPL) and bovine manure (HABM). The curves regarding the response of the application of increasing concentrations of humic acids from bovine manure and poultry litter showed quadratic variation (Table 3). Due to the size of these equations, the concentrations of maximum physical efficiency DMT of the leopard plant were calculated for the concentration of HAPL and HABM. The maximum efficient values of DMT were observed for the HAPL to a concentration of 28 mmol L -1 of C and weight of 0.2250 grams and for the HABM the maximum efficient value was found in a concentration of 31 mmol L -1 of C and a reach weight of 0.2653 g. We can infer that with the use of the correct concentration we can obtain DMT increases of 33% concerning the control. When compared the data with maximum efficiency between HAPL and HABM can be observed that there are no different means between the HA. The decision of which HA will be used will depend on the availability of the material for the producer.
The results corroborate studies of Baldotto et al. (2009) where they observed increases in growth and development of in vitro plantlets of pineapples in response to the application HA. Baldotto et al. (2014) in a test of acclimatization of orchid (Cymbidium sp.) in response to application humic acid, also observed increments in the development and growth of seedlings after application of humic acid. Bernardes et al. (2013), to study the effect of the application of humic substance in tomato seedlings, concluded that HA is accelerator metabolisms of plants favoring a high development and therefore significant increases the DMT. Similar results were also found by Arancon et al. (2003), in the study effects of vermicomposts to tomatoes Research, Society andDevelopment, v. 10, n. 3, e56310313792, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13792 6 and peppers grown in the field and strawberries under high plastic tunnels. The use of an adequate concentration of HA encourages rooting and plant development.

Conclusion
The treatment of ornamental leopard flower cuttings with humic acids increases the number and quality of the flower stems and the concentration range of both evaluated humic acids that induce maximum efficiency in the production and quality of ornamental leopard stems was 5-10 mmol L -1 and 15-30 mmol L -1 for poutry litter and bovine manure respectively. This shows that the application of HA in appropriate concentrations for each species, stimulates the production of seedlings, favoring the of oleraceous and flowers sectors.
Thus, the use of humic substances in promoting plant growth is of fundamental importance, since this practice reduces the use of chemical fertilizers that lead to serious environmental problems. Therefore, the development of research aimed at accelerating the production of ornamental plants with the use of organic compounds should be increasingly encouraged to grant improvements in the distribution system of these goods, guaranteeing an expansion of the consumer culture without major associations with the environment.