Custo de produção de milho transgênico na primeira e segunda safra em diferentes regiões no Brasil Production cost of transgenic corn in the first and second harvest in different regions in Brazil

Corn culture is one of the important economic segments of Brazilian agribusiness. The increase in corn production is related to increased productivity and in the cultivated area. In addition, the variation in productivity in the different Brazilian states is highlighted, which can be explained by the technological level of production. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the production costs of eighteen producing regions to determine the cost of production in the first harvest in three agricultural years and in the second harvest in four agricultural years with transgenic corn, in addition to analyzing the influence of productivity on the cost of production. An exploratory research was carried out with data provided by the Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. Statistical data were analyzed in the agricultural years of 2018, 2019 and 2020 in eighteen Brazilian municipalities. The region of Chapadão do Sul MS, in both harvests, obtained the lowest production costs per bag of 60 Kg and per hectare were in Balsas MA and Santo Ângelo RS. The highest production costs per bag and per hectare in the 1st harvest were in the cities of Unaí MG and Boa Vista RR and the Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 7, e279974136, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4136 3 lowest costs per hectare were in Campo Mourão PR and Sorriso MT. The highest production costs per bag in the 2nd harvest were in Rio Verde GO and Ubiratã PR and per hectare were in Unaí MG and Campo Mourão PR. Key-words:Pproductivity; Big sack; Production; Hectare; Zea mays.

lowest costs per hectare were in Campo Mourão -PR and Sorriso -MT. The highest production costs per bag in the 2nd harvest were in Rio Verde -GO and Ubiratã -PR and per hectare were in Unaí -MG and Campo Mourão -PR.

Introduction
Corn (Zea mays L.) is a species that belongs to the Poaceae family, originating in Mexico, Central America. The production chain of corn, as well as that of soy, is one of the important economic segments of Brazilian agribusiness (Artuzo et al., 2018). It is one of the most important cereals grown and consumed in the world, due to its nutritional value, productive potential and chemical composition. Used as food and can be consumed different types of dry and green grains (Melo et al., 2018). Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 7, e279974136, 2020 (CC BY 4. (Conab, 2020a).
According to Artuzo et al. (2018), the increase in corn production is related to the increase in productivity and the cultivated area. In addition, the variation in productivity in the different Brazilian states is emphasized, which can be explained by the technological level of production (Coelho et al., 2013), and in order to occur investments in technology, it will result in production costs, being necessary that the producer has, in his view, these costs in his production, with the maximum profit and the minimum cost coming from production related to technical and economic efficiency (Münch et al., 2014;Artuzo et al., 2018) In view of the above, given the importance of corn for Brazilian agribusiness, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production costs of eighteen producing regions to determine the highest and lowest production costs in the first harvest in three agricultural years and in 2nd crop in four agricultural years with transgenic corn, in addition to analyzing the influence of productivity on production costs.

Material and Methods
In this study an exploratory research was carried out with descriptive data of the quantitative type (Pereira et al., 2018) provided from the Agricultural Information Portal at the Agricultural Observatory of the National Supply Company (Conab, 2020b). Statistical  Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 7, e279974136, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4136 5 analyzed in the cities analyzed in Table 01. The yield (R$/bag and R$/ha) were calculated according to the average productivity (Kg/ha) of each corn producing municipality considering the harvests and agricultural years. The marketing unit is the bag, weighing 60 Kg.  of higher costs in relation to lower production costs is quite significant, and this variation occurred due to the technological contribution and the costs of agricultural production that precedes planting until post-harvest, such as labor, soil preparation , acquisition of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and fuels (Duarte et al., 2011;Andrade et al., 2012).

Conclusions
The region of Chapadão do Sul -MS in both harvests, had the lowest production costs per bag of 60 Kg. Likewise, in both harvests, the lowest costs per hectare in Balsas -MA and Santo Ângelo -RS.
The highest production costs per bag of 60 Kg and per hectare in the 1st harvest were in the cities of Unaí -MG and Boa Vista -RR and the lowest costs per hectare were in Campo Mourão -PR and Sorriso -MT.
The highest production costs per bag in the 2nd harvest were in Rio Verde -GO and Ubiratã -PR and per hectare were in Unaí -MG and Campo Mourão -PR.
It is noted that the production costs were influenced by the productivity of the analyzed regions, with this, areas with higher productivity obtained lower costs and vice versa.
It is recommended the importance of more descriptive and regional studies to analyze production costs in order to make decisions and determine the viability of the production unit.