Identification and analysis of bacterial presence in diagnostic imaging equipment

The objective of this research was to analyze the bacterial presence in diagnostic imaging equipment, which in day-to-day hospital life are often used for disease diagnosis. Samples were collected from three diagnostic equipment, using the swab technique, for laboratory sowing and subsequent identification. According to the laboratory analyses, the presence of some types of bacteria was proven, which depending on how the patient's immune system is, can be harmful to the human organism, besides yeast and fungus colonies in large quantities were observed in some compartments of the collected apparatuses, other constituents of the collected apparatuses were not possible to identify any type of bacteria, fungus or yeast colony. The importance of bacterial analyses in imaging diagnostic devices is visible, since they can harbor dangerous types of bacteria or fungi and this can end up causing infections in patients who use the equipment in question.


Introduction
When it comes to a hospital environment, it is known that several invasive and noninvasive procedures are performed, which when done without proper care can cause the risks of cross contamination to increase in that place, specifically when there are materials or equipment that are for collective use. Most of the time, these microorganisms are obtained through the transmission of contact from the hands of the professional and patient or even by the patient's own contact with the equipment or accessory (Nelson, 2016;Silva, 2019).
It is well known that the hospital environment can have a great influence on this issue, where the Intensive Care Units (ICU) are more prone to bacterial infection because it is an environment of serious instability in the clinical picture of patients in need of more special care, correlating the idea of cleaning, disinfection, physical structure and amount of equipment (Santos, 2019;Castro, 2018).
The presence of these microorganisms on the surfaces of equipment and accessories in hospital environments often do not pose greater risks to the human body, but if there is some kind of immunodepression, these microorganisms may end up becoming pathogenic elements.
In this way, objects that are widely used without proper hygiene and in the possession of many people can end up becoming sites of contamination (Ferreira, 2016;França, 2018). Some microbiological studies in hospitals have proven the presence of a wide range of bacteria on their surfaces, which causes them to become vehicles of mass contamination. This makes investigating the presence of bacteria in radiodiagnostic equipment an important alternative for the scientific community.

Place of study
The experiments were performed at the Laboratory of Basic Sciences (CCB) of the University Center of Patos (UNIFIP).

Obtaining the samples
The microbiological collection was performed in two radiodiagnostic institutions in a city of the interior of Paraíba, through the swab technique, materials were collected from a Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 7, e777974711, 2020 (CC BY 4. (examination table, collimator, stationary, command table and lead apron),   a mammograph and a computerized tomography device (examination table, arm support, skull support and granty). After collection, the material was taken to the sowing of the plates and subsequent bacterial identification.

Culture medium
The culture medium used in this study was Agar blood, already dissolved in distilled water and placed in the petri dish.

Results and Discussion
In Table 1 it is possible to observe the exposed results of the analysis and bacterial identification on the plaques after 10 days. The identification of the constituent compartments of a conventional radiography apparatus was able to prove that, on the examination table, the place where the patient is placed for positioning (in case he cannot perform the procedure in orthostatic position) showed a considerable number of yeast colony, but it was not possible to prove any site of bacteria. On the control table, collimator and vertical bucky it was not possible to prove any type of existing microorganism. In the lead apron, responsible for the radiological protection of the patient and the professional, it was possible to identify colonies of Sthapylococcus epidermidis.
Some studies prove that Sthapylococcus epidermidis is a type of microorganism naturally found in human skin, but which can cause disease when the patient's immune system Research, Society andDevelopment, v. 9, n. 7, e777974711, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4711 5 is weakened, it is an opportunistic pathogen, strongly associated with nosocomial infections (Pardos, 2018). Table 2 shows the result of the only sample collected from a mammography device. Staphylococcus aureus, is endocarditis, in the heart, but other possible infections are pneumonia, pyelonephritis and osteomyelitis (Oliveira, 2018;De Avelar, 2019).