Assessment of Assimilation and Academic Performance of Students During Winter and Summer Seasons

The study was conducted at Gashua, Yobe State. The weather condition of the area during summer is so terrible to the extent that the majority of inhabitants are searching for ice blocks Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 12, e639128886, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.8886 2 or cold water to drink in other to feel a bit comfortable. In the school, both teachers and students were not comfortable during summer and winter seasons and these made teaching and learning processes boring. Therefore, the study is aimed at assessing the assimilation and academic performance of students during the vsummer and winter seasons. A random selection of past examination record sheets of students in Yusad secondary school, Gashua was used, and information on their academic performance for summer and winter season were obtain from senior secondary one and two (SS1 and SS2) classes. Ten student record books were selected at random for their academic performance on the subject area of biology. Their scores of the academic performance records were subjected to a descriptive statistics where mean, standard deviation was calculated and Z-test was determined. The results of this study revealed that the summer and winter seasons do not affect the assimilation and results reveals that the academic performance of students varies between 0.58 in SS1 to 0.72 in SS2 which means that the summer and winter seasons had no influence on the assimilation and performance of students but might cause inconvenience, unfavorable, disturbance and unsuitable conditions for teaching and learning processes.


Introduction
The study conducted at Yusat secondary school Gashua, to determine the influences of environmental factors (summer and winter seasons) on the assimilation and performance of the students in secondary school. Meanwhile, Gashua is located in the northern part of Yobe state with intense heat during summer and extreme cold and dust during winter, which was Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 12, e639128886, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.8886 4 suspected to affect the assimilation and academic performance of students. Meanwhile one of the researchers reported that academic performance in a school subject is symbolized by a score or marks on the achievement test (Epunnam, 1999); while retention of learning according to Momoh-Olle (1999) (chiles et al., 1958, Pepler 1959, Colquhoun, 1969and Grether et al., 1971 where as other studies have reported performance decrement (Mock 1947, Fraser et al, 1961, Pepler 1960 Meanwhile, poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor health among students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and higher absentee rates. These factors can adversely affect student behavior and lead to a higher level of frustration among teachers and poor learning attitudes among student (Frazier 2002, Lyons, 2001and Ostendorf 2001. Rats observed under a thermal condition in other to determine the effect of temperature on the memory, the rats were expose to cool condition for 60 minutes and the hot for 30 minutes and were selected on the basis of the pilot work conducted which realized some change in the memory than that of cool condition and brought a slow changes in the memory than that of hot condition (Okuno et al. 1965).
Several of effects have been devoted to research on factors affecting performance especially in tertiary institution of learning studies of children's educational achievement over time have shown that social background remains one of the main success of educational inequality (Graetz 1995(Graetz , 2008. Other factors, such as parent support could also account for Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 12, e639128886, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.8886 The Table above shows the Z-test value which signifies the level academic performance of Yusad secondary school Gashua, for the SS2 class in the summer and winter seasons.

Recommendation
It is recommend that the school premises should be made environmentally friendly in the sense that trees and ornamental plants should be plant to reduce the adverse effect of high solar radiation that usually occurred during summer season so as minimize by providing sheds in the school premises as reported by Okuno et al, (1965) that cold weather influence learning processes.
It is also recommend that summer season has no significant influence on academic performance of students but can destabilize the attention of the student towards learning activities and thereby resulting unperceivable teaching and learning activities. Therefore effort must be made to provide favorable and effective ventilation system that would enhance teaching and learning atmosphere.
It is recommend that government and private schools owners should take serious measures to provide a suitable environment for effective teaching-learning atmosphere in their various schools.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the study revealed that summer and winter seasons have no influence on assimilation and performance of students in school but create avenue for inconvenience and unfavorable condition for effective teaching and learning processes. Therefore, it is necessary to provides all possible measures to minimize the conditions for better and favorable teaching and learning environment.
Meanwhile, it is suggested that, the school environments should be made favorable for teaching and learning processes by providing necessary structures, teaching aids, cooling tools such as fans or air conditioners in the classrooms and also the doors and windows should be put in place or intact so that to maintain the inconveniences or unfavorable condition caused during these seasons.