Digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio for piglets under health challenge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10899Keywords:
Amino acids; Haptoglobin; Protein deposition; Immune system; Swine.Abstract
Aiming to determine the ration between digestible lysine and digestible threonine (Thr/Lys) for weaned piglets at 27 days, kept in the nursery under sanitary challenge conditions, 105 hybrid piglets with initial weight of 7.2 ± 0.41 kg, were distributed in randomized block design inside of five treatments (Thr/Lys ratios of 0.56; 0.63; 0.70; 0.77 and 0.84), seven replicates and three piglets per experimental unit. The Thr/Lys ratios did not affect (P>0.05) piglet performance. There was quadratic effect (P=0.02) of the Thr/Lys ratio on the protein/fat ratio and the estimated point of the bigger protein/fat ratio occurred with the Thr/Lys ratio of 0.68. The Thr/Lys ratio did not affect (P>0.05) the carcass parameters and serum urea levels, however, the liver and kidney weights raised with the increase (P=0.01) in Thr/Lys rate. The Thr/Lys ratio had a quadratic effect (P=0.01) on rate of plasma haptoglobin, Thr/Lys ratio was estimated at 0.74. It was concluded that the ratio between digestible threonine with digestible lysine for piglets from 27 to 48 days of age raised under sanitary challenge conditions is 0.74.
References
AOAC- Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. (1990). Official methods of analysis of AOAC international: current through revision. Gaithersburg:MD.
Brasil (2000). Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento do Brasil. Instrução normativa n. 3, de 17 de janeiro de 2000. Regulamento Técnico de Métodos de Insensibilização para o Abate Humanitário de Animais de Açougue. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília, DF, 24 de janeiro de 2000, Seção 1, p. 14.
Berto, D. A., Wechsler, F. S. & Noronha, C. C. (2002). Threonine Requirements of Piglets from 7 to 12 and from 12 to 23 kg. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31, 1176-83.
García-Valverde, R., Barea, R., Lara, L., Nieto, R. & Aguilera, J. F. (2008). The effects of feeding level upon protein and fat deposition in Iberian heavy pigs. Livestock Science, 114, 263–273.
Guzik, A. C., Southern L. L. & Kerr B. J., 2002. The tryptophan requirement of nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 80, 2646-2655.
Heo, J. M., Opapeju, F. O., Pluske, J. R., Kim, J. C., Hampson, D. J. & Nyachoti, C. M. (2013). Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post-weaning diarrhoea without using in-feed antimicrobial compounds. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 97, 207-237.
Jayaraman, B., Htoo, J. & Nyachoti, C. M. (2015). Effects of dietary threonine:lysine ratioes and sanitary conditions on performance, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma-free threonine and lysine of weaned pigs. Animal Nutrition, 1, 283-288.
Knura-Deszczk, S., Lipperheide, C., Pettersen, C., Jobert, J. L., Bertjelot-Herault, F., Kobisch, M. & Madec F. (2002). Plasma haptoglobin concentration in swine after challenge with Streptococcus suis. Journal of Veterinary Medicine B. Infectious Diseases, 49, 240-244.
Le Floc’, H. N., Jondreville, C., Matte, J. J. & Sève, B. (2006). Importance of sanitary environment for growth performance and plasma nutrient homeostasis during the post-weaning period in piglets. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 60, 23-34.
Le Floc’, H. N., Le Bellego, L., Matte, J. J., Melchior, D. & Sève B. (2009). The effect of sanitary status degradation and dietary tryptophan content on growth rate and tryptophan metabolism in weaning pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 87, 1686-1694.
Lee, K. W., Lee, K. N., Lillehoj, H. S. & Park, J. H. (2019). Serum concentration of acute phase proteins and cytokines in vaccinated pigs challenged with foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 48, e20180190.
Liu, F., Cottrell, J. J., Collins, C. L., Henman, D. J., O’Halloran, K. S. B. & Dunshea, F. R. (2017). Supplementation of selenium, vitamin E, chromium and betaine above recommended levels improves lactating performance of sows over summer. Tropical Animal Health Production, 49, 1461–1469.
Melchior, D., Sève, B. & Le Floc’, H. N. (2004). Chronic lung inflammation affects plasma amino acid concentrations in pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 1091-1099.
Moeser, A. J., Pohl, S. C. & Rajuput, M. (2017). Weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development: Implications for lifelong gut health in pigs. Animal Nutrition, 3, 313-321.
Munasinghe, L. L., Robson, J. L., Scott, V. H., Brunton, J. A. & Bertolo, R. F. (2017). Protein Synthesis in Mucin-Producing Tissues Is Conserved When Dietary Threonine Is Limiting in Piglets. Journal of Nutrition, 4, 202-210.
Ning, L. & Qian L. (2008). Research progress on Tryptophan requirement of piglets and growing and finishing pigs. Amino Science, 2, 7-16.
Oliveira Jr., G. M., Ferreira, A. S., Campos, P. F., Rodrigues, V. V., Silva, F. C. O., Santos, W. G., Rodrigues, P. G. & Lopes, C. C. (2017). Digestible tryptophan to lysine ratios for weaned piglets at 26 days of age. Animal Production Science, 57(10), 2027- 2033.
Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J. & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica [recurso eletrônico]. Santa Maria, BR:UFSM, NTE.
Pinheiro, R. W., Fontes, D. O., Silva, F. C. O., Scotta, B. A., Vasconcelos, C. H. F., Silva, M. A., Vidal, T.Z.B. & Souza L. P. O. (2014). Threonine levels for piglets diet (6 to 16 kg) kept under different degrees of immune system activation. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 15, 659-669.
Pozza, P. C., Gomes, P. C., Donzele, J. L., Ferreira, A. S., Leão, M. I., Pozza, M. S. S. & Rodrigueiro, R. J. B. (2000). Threonine Requirement for Gilts from 15 to 30 kg. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 29, 817-822.
Ren, M., Liua, X. T., Wang, X., Zhanga, G. J., Qiaoa, S. Y. & Zenga, X. F. (2014). Increased levels of standardized ileal digestible threonine attenuate intestinal damage and immune responses in Escherichia coli K88+ challenged weaned piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 195, 67-75.
Rostagno, H. S., Albino, L. F. T., Donzele, J. L., Gomes, P. C., Oliveira, R. F., Lopes, D. C., Ferreira, A. S. & Barreto, S. L. T. (2005). Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. Viçosa, BR: Funep.
Rostagno, H. S., Albino, L. F. T., Donzele, J. L., Gomes, P. C., Oliveira, R. F., Lopes, D. C., Ferreira, A. S., Barreto, S. L. T. & Euclides, R. F. (2011). Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. Viçosa, BR: Funep.
Saraiva, E. P., Oliveira, R. F. M., Donzele, J. L., Silva, F. C. O., Vaz, R. G. M., Siqueira, J. C., Manno, M. C. & Oliveira, W. P. (2006). Dietary levels of digestible threonine for gilts from 15 to 30 kg on high environmental temperature. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 35, 485-490.
Saraiva, E. P., Oliveira, R. F. M., Donzele, J. L., Silva, F. C. O., Siqueira, J. C., Manno, M. C., Oliveira, W. P. & Nunes, C. G. V. (2007). Digestible threonine requirement for gilts maintained in thermoneutral environment from 15 to 30 kg. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science, 36, 1854-1860.
Sakomura, N. K. & Rostagno, H. S. Métodos de pesquisa em nutrição de monogástricos (2016). Jaboticabal, BR: Funep.
Susenbeth, A. (2006). Optimum tryptophan: Lysine ratio in diets for growing pigs: Analysis of literature data. Livestock Science, 101, 32–45.
Statistical Analysis System. (2002). SAS user’s guide. Cary: SAS Institute.
Turpin, D. L., Langendijkb, P., Sharpa, C. & Pluskea J. R. (2017). Improving welfare and production in the peri-weaning period: Effects of comingling and intermittent suckling on the stress response, performance, behaviour, and gastrointestinal tract carbohydrate absorption in young pigs. Livestock Science, 203, 82–91.
Van Milgen, J., Dourmad, J. Y. (2015). Concept and application of ideal protein for pigs. Journal Animal Science and Biotechnology, 6, 1-11.
Wassell, J. (2000). Haptoglobin: Function and polymorphism. Clinical Laboratory, 46, 547-552.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Gregório Murilo de Oliveira Júnior; Valéria Vânia Rodrigues; Priscila Furtado Campos; Andressa da Silva Formigoni; Wilams Gomes dos Santos; Camilla Mendonça Silva; Monica Raline Reis de Jesus ; Paula Gomes Rodrigues; Jodnes Sobreira Vieira; Aloízio Soares Ferreira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
