Microbiological and immunological aspects related to the colonization and infection of patients by resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in nosocomial environment

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12650

Keywords:

Acinetobacter baumannii; Basterial resistance; Immunology; Antibiotic therapy.

Abstract

Introduction: As we progress in the development of antimicrobials, we observe new forms of bacterial resistance due to the selectivity resulting from the irrational use of these drugs. A species emerges capable of causing serious infections, especially in a nosocomial environment: Acinetobacter baumannii. By producing resistance mechanisms, it adapts to less favorable means, which makes it the subject of worldwide debates regarding the future of antibiotic therapy as it is responsible for high annual mortality rates due to hospital infections. Despite this, there is a shortage of epidemiological data that promote awareness, especially in Brazil. Objective: To gather information about the immunological aspects resulting from colonization by this bacterium and defense mechanisms involved in cases of infected individuals. Methodology: Literature review through analysis of articles from Pubmed and Scielo banks, information was obtained on forms of transmission, associated diseases, immunological reactions caused and main forms of resistance. Results: Brazilian Intensive Care Units (ICUs) frequently detect cases of Health Care Related Infections (IRAS). In cases where the strains of Acinetobacter baumannii are responsible, they usually show resistance to the available antimicrobials, causing high financial costs in the treatment and a mortality rate of approximately 47% due to the immunological fragility and carrying out invasive procedures. Conclusion: The patient colonized by A. baumannii becomes an agent of indirect transmission of pathogen to the hospital environment and infections are severe, therefore, elucidating the modes of transmission and resistance profile is of extreme clinical and epidemiological relevance, considering the scarcity of epidemiological data.

References

Ciello, G. & Araújo, M. C. (2016). Perfil Epidemiológico do Acinetobacter baumannii Resistente a Carbapenens num Hospital do Interior Mineiro. 4(3), 201-07. file:///C:/Users/WIN10/Downloads/1772-8859-4-PB.pdf.

Cisneros, J. M., Reyes, M. J., Pachón, J., Becerril, B., Caballero, F. J. & Garcia-Garmendia, J. L. (1996). Bacteremia due to Acinetobacter baumannii: epidemiology, clinical findings and prognostic features. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1026-32.

Dessel, H. V., Dijkshoom, L., Van der reijden, T., Bakker, N., Paauwa vanden broek, P., Verhoef, J. & Brisse, S. (2004). Identification of a new geographically widespread multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone from European hospitals. Research in Microbiology, 105-12.

Djahmi, Nassima, et al. (2014). "Epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Mediterranean countries." BioMed research international.

European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. (2008). https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/antimicrobial-resistance/facts/factsheets/experts.

Fournier, P. E. & Richet, H. (2006). The epidemiology and control of Acinetobacter baumannii in health care facilities. Clin. Infect. Dis., 692-99.

Goel, V. K. & Kapil, A. (2001). Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Iron Regulated Outer Membrane Proteins of Acinetobacter baumannii are bactericidal. BMC Microbiology.

Merkier, A. K., & Centrón, D. (2006). blaOXA-51-type β-lactamase genes are ubiquitous and vary within a strain in Acinetobacter baumannii. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 28(2), 110-113.

Ministério Da Saúde. (2013). Comissão Nacional de Prevenção e Controle de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde.

Munoz-price, L. S. & Weistein, R. A. (2008). Acinetobacter Infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 358(12), 1271-81.

Oplustil, C. P. (2004). Procedimentos básicos em microbiologia clínica. Sarvier, (2a ed.), 340.

Pereira, A. S. (2018) Metodologia da Pesquisa Científica, 67.

Perez, F., Hujer, A. M., Hujer, K. M., Decker, B. K., Rather, P. N. & Bonomo, R. A. (2007). Global challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother. Sarvier, 51(10), 3471-3484.

Prates, C. G. (2010). Mortalidade em uma unidade de terapia intensiva durante um surto de Acinetobacter baumannii resistente aos carbapenêmicos.

Prefeitura Minicipal De Porto Alegre. Manual de Orientação Para Controle da Disseminação de Acinetobacter, 06, 2007.

Rangel, L. T. L. D. O papel de transferência horizontal de genes na história evolutiva de duas classes de genes em bactérias (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo).

Queenan, K., Hasler, B. J. & Rushton, A. (2014). One Health approach to antimicrobial resistance surveillance: is there a business case for it? International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Volume 48(4).

Scarcella, A. C., Scarcella, A. S. & Beretta, A. L. R. (2017). Infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde associada a Acinetobacter baumannii: revisão de literatura - RBAC. 49(1), 18- 21.

Wroblewska, M. M., Dijkshoorn, L., Marchel, H., Van den Barselaar, M., Swoboda-Kopec, E., Van Den Broek, P. J., & Luczak, M. (2004). Outbreak of nosocomial meningitis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in neurosurgical patients. Journal of Hospital Infection, 57(4), 300-307.

Published

14/02/2021

How to Cite

NASCIMENTO, C. K. R. do .; SANTOS, M. . M.; OLIVEIRA, P. M. C. .; IOMORI, M. V. A. H. .; SANTOS, R. M. M. dos .; MARTINS, V. B. D. .; MELO, B. F. .; NASCIMENTO, A. L. L. do .; SANTOS, I. S. P. dos .; DIAS, T. de C. .; SANTOS, M. H. da S. .; RODRIGUES, A. A. .; BEZERRA, M. S. de L. .; ANDRADE, R. S. B. .; SANTOS, S. C. dos . Microbiological and immunological aspects related to the colonization and infection of patients by resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in nosocomial environment. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 2, p. e25910212650, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12650. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/12650. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences