Neuropsychiatric aspects of COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.13803Keywords:
Coronavirus; Psychiatry; Neuropsychiatry; Mental Health; Depression; Anxiety.Abstract
The new coronavirus infection, discovered at the end of 2019 in China, spread around the world rapidly, reaching all continents, and was then declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In order to inhibit the transmission of the disease, several restrictive measures were adopted by public authorities, which determined a series of changes in the functioning of society. In addition to the infectious disease itself, COVID-19 has a profound impact on the mental health of the population, with social and neuropsychiatric repercussions. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the main aspects involved pointed out in the literature, through the review of studies conducted with different populations in Brazil and worldwide, thus outlineing the main points of discussion. To fulfill this purpose, we opted for a narrative literature review based on the search for articles related to social, neuropsychiatric and mental health aspects in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the databases "PubMed", "Scielo" and "Google Scholar". As a result, it was observed that the COVID-19 pandemic is involved in a series of changes in the social sphere, with significant emotional impact, and neuropsychiatric repercussions causing several symptoms associated with major mental health disorders. In this sense, it can be affirmed, therefore, that the COVID-19 pandemic should be understood as much more than just the danger of infectious disease, and that its impact on the mental health of the population should not be neglected, but studied more thoroughly and combated by the competent authorities.
References
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8
Carvalho, S. G., Santos, A. B. S., & Santos, I. M. (2020). A pandemia no cárcere: intervenções no superisolamento. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(9), 3493–3502. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.15682020
Chung, RY e Li, MM (2020). Sentimento anti-chinês durante o surto de nCoV de 2019. Lancet (Londres, Inglaterra), 395(10225), 686-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30358-5
Crepaldi, M. A., Schmidt, B., Noal, D. S., Bolze, S. D. A., Gabarra, L. M. (2020). Terminalidade, morte e luto na pandemia de COVID-19: demandas psicológicas emergentes e implicações práticas. Estudos de psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200090, 1982-0275. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200090
Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A., & Larson, H. (2020). The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of travel medicine, 27(3), taaa031. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa031
Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 14(5), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
Gualano, M. R., Lo Moro, G., Voglino, G., Bert, F., & Siliquini, R. (2020). Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Mental Health and Sleep Disturbances in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134779
Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 49(3), 155–160
Hossain, M. M., Tasnim, S., Sultana, A., Faizah, F., Mazumder, H., Zou, L., McKyer, E., Ahmed, H. U., & Ma, P. (2020). Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review. F1000Research, 9, 636. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24457.1
Ingravallo, F. (2020). Death in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), e258. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30079-7
Jones, D. S. (2020). History in a Crisis — Lessons for Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1681–1683. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmp2004361
Kokou-Kpolou, C. K., Megalakaki, O., Laimou, D., & Kousouri, M. (2020). Insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: Prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors in French population. Psychiatry research, 290, 113128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113128
Li, Y., Qin, Q., Sun, Q., Sanford, L. D., Vgontzas, A. N., & Tang, X. (2020). Insomnia and psychological reactions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 16(8), 1417–1418. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8524
Liang, Y., Wu, K., Zhou, Y., Huang, X., Zhou, Y., & Liu, Z. (2020). Mental Health in Frontline Medical Workers during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Epidemic in China: A Comparison with the General Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6550. doi:10.3390/ijerph17186550
Liu, J. J., Bao, Y., Huang, X., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). Mental health considerations for children quarantined because of COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(5), 347–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30096-1
Ma, Z., Zhao, J., Li, Y., Chen, D., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., Chen, Z., Yu, Q., Jiang, J., Fan, F., & Liu, X. (2020). Mental health problems and correlates among 746 217 college students during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 29, e181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020000931
MirandaT. S., SoaresG. F. G., AraujoB. E., FagundesG. H. A., do AmaralH. L. P., SoaresH. C., TavaresK. S., de FassioL. R., MotaT. do N., & GonçalvesY. de A. (2020). Incidência dos casos de transtornos mentais durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Científico, 17, e4873. https://doi.org/10.25248/reac.e4873.2020
Ornell, Felipe, Schuch, Jaqueline B., Sordi, Anne O., & Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 42(3), 232-235. Epub April 03, 2020.https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 901–907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2020b). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. BMJ, m313. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m313
Shi, L., Lu, Z. A., Que, J. Y., Huang, X. L., Liu, L., Ran, M. S., Gong, Y. M., Yuan, K., Yan, W., Sun, Y. K., Shi, J., Bao, Y. P., & Lu, L. (2020). Prevalence of and Risk Factors Associated With Mental Health Symptoms Among the General Population in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA network open, 3(7), e2014053. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.14053
Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M. and Benedek, D. M. (2020), Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci., 74: 281-282. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12988
Voitsidis, P., Gliatas, I., Bairachtari, V., Papadopoulou, K., Papageorgiou, G., Parlapani, E., Syngelakis, M., Holeva, V., & Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113076
Weaver, M. S., & Wiener, L. (2020). Applying Palliative Care Principles to Communicate With Children About COVID-19. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 60(1), e8–e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.020
Xavier, A. R., Silva, J. S., Almeida, J. P. C. L., Conceição, J. F. F., Lacerda, G. S., & Kanaan, S. (2020). COVID-19: manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais na infecção pelo novo coronavírus. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 56, e3232020. Epub July 01, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20200049
Yuan, K., Gong, Y. M., Liu, L., Sun, Y. K., Tian, S. S., Wang, Y. J., Zhong, Y., Zhang, A. Y., Su, S. Z., Liu, X. X., Zhang, Y. X., Lin, X., Shi, L., Yan, W., Fazel, S., Vitiello, M. V., Bryant, R. A., Zhou, X. Y., Ran, M. S., Bao, Y. P., … Lu, L. (2021). Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder after infectious disease pandemics in the twenty-first century, including COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Molecular psychiatry, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01036-x
Zaami, S., Marinelli, E., & Varì, M. R. (2020b). New Trends of Substance Abuse During COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Perspective. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 700. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00700
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Rafael Lozano de Moraes; Thiago Kenzo Nobusa; José Carlos Souza
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
