Study of the environmental and individual factors of autoimmune diseases in the microregion of Águas Formosas – Minas Gerais State, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14138Keywords:
Prevalence; Autoimmune; Incidence; Low income.Abstract
Autoimmune diseases lead to numerous limiting conditions. Their incidence and prevalence are known to be affected by several factors; and there is an absence of data in areas of economic vulnerability. The aim of this study was to access the epidemiological profile of autoimmune diseases in the public health system of the microregion of health of Águas Formosas, and to evaluate possible factors involved in the development of these diseases. This was an epidemiological study with a cross-sectional, survey-type, descriptive and exploratory. All patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and individual interview was conducted during home visits to apply a sociodemographic questionnaire with 20 variables associated with autoimmune diseases. In this study, it was observed that the municipalities of Machacalis, Umburatiba and Crisólita exhibited prevalence of autoimmune diseases above 90 cases per 10,000 of the population, and the other municipalities showed prevalence between 50 and 60 cases. In the microregion, a total of 407 cases of autoimmune diseases were observed, distributed in 24 different diseases, with a general prevalence of 673.69/100,000 of the population. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Graves' Disease, Vitiligo, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, represent 47% of the cases. This was the first study that addresses the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in the microregion. The lack of registration or diagnosis is a factor that needs to be overcome in new studies to improve the knowledge of autoimmune diseases in this region.
References
Amador-Patarroyo, M. J.; Rodriguez-Rodriguez, A. & Montoya-Ortiz, G. (2012). How does age at onset influence the outcome of autoimmune diseases? Autoimmune diseases, 2012, 251730.
Bogdanos, D. P.; Smyk, D. S.; Rigopoulou, E. I.; Mytilinaiou, M. G.; Heneghan, M. A.; Selmi, C. & Gershwin, M.E. (2012). Twin studies in autoimmune disease: genetics, gender and environment. Journal of autoimmunity, 38 (2-3), J156–J169.
Codella, R., Luzi, L., Inverardi, L., & Ricordi, C. (2015). The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in the syndromic thread of diabetes and autoimmunity. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 19 (19), 3709–3722.
Cooper, G. S., & Stroehla, B. C. (2003). The epidemiology of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity reviews, 2(3), 119–125.
Correa, E., Paredes, V., & Martínez, B. (2016). Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Latin America and its relationship with European migration. Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical, 2, 2055217316666407.
Costa, C. C. B.; Medeiros, M.; Watanabe, K.; Martin, P. & Skare, T. L. (2014). Tireoidite de Hashimoto pode estar associada a um subgrupo de pacientes de esclerose sistêmica com hipertensão pulmonar. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, 54 (5), 366-370.
Cutolo, M., Capellino, S., Sulli, A., Serioli, B., Secchi, M. E., Villaggio, B., & Straub, R. H. (2006). Estrogens and autoimmune diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1089, 538–547.
Doria, A., Zampieri, S., & Sarzi-Puttini, P. (2008). Exploring the complex relationships between infections and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity reviews, 8 (2), 89–91.
Gleicher, N., & Barad, D. H. (2007). Gender as risk factor for autoimmune diseases. Journal of autoimmunity, 28 (1), 1–6.
Guimarães, L. E., Baker, B., Perricone, C., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2015). Vaccines, adjuvants and autoimmunity. Pharmacological research, 100, 190–209.
Horimoto, A. M. C.; Silveira, A. F. C. & Costa, I. P. (2016). Autoimunidade familial e poliautoimunidade em 60 pacientes portadores de esclerose sistêmica da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, 56 (4), 314-322.
IBGE (2016). Cidades Minas Gerais. Brasil https://cidades.ibge.gov.br
Jackson, Y., Pula, D., Finckh, A., Chizzolini, C., & Chappuis, F. (2018). Chagas disease and systemic autoimmune diseases among Bolivian patients in Switzerland. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 113 (4), e170383.
Jacobson, D. L., Gange, S. J., Rose, N. R., & Graham, N. M. (1997). Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States. Clinical immunology and immunopathology, 84 (3), 223–243.
Khan, M. F., & Wang, H. (2020). Environmental Exposures and Autoimmune Diseases: Contribution of Gut Microbiome. Frontiers in immunology, 10, 3094.
Koche, J. C. (2011). Fundamentos de metodologia científica. Vozes
Krawczak, K., Donskow-Łysoniewska, K., & Doligalska, M. (2017). Regulatory function of parasites in autoimmune disease – outcome from experimental model infection. Annals of parasitology, 63 (1), 7–14.
Lamb, M. M.; Miller, M.; Seifert, J. A.; Frederiksen, B.; Kroehl, M.; Rewers, M. & Norris, J. M. (2015). The effect of childhood cow's milk intake and HLA-DR genotype on risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Pediatric diabetes, 16 (1), 31–38.
Ludke, M. & Andre, M. E. D. A. (2013). Pesquisas em educação: uma abordagem qualitativa. E.P.U.
Mak, A., & Tay, S. H. (2014). Environmental factors, toxicants and systemic lupus erythematosus. International journal of molecular sciences, 15(9), 16043–16056.
Milo, R., & Kahana, E. (2010). Multiple sclerosis: geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment. Autoimmunity reviews, 9(5), A387–A394.
Moroni, L., Bianchi, I., & Lleo, A. (2012). Geoepidemiology, gender and autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity reviews, 11 (6-7), A386–A392.
Pordeus, V., Szyper-Kravitz, M., Levy, R. A., Vaz, N. M., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2008). Infections and autoimmunity: a panorama. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 34 (3), 283–299.
Quintero, O. L., Amador-Patarroyo, M. J., Montoya-Ortiz, G., Rojas-Villarraga, A., & Anaya, J. M. (2012). Autoimmune disease and gender: plausible mechanisms for the female predominance of autoimmunity. Journal of autoimmunity, 38 (2-3), J109–J119.
Ribeiro, E. M. & Galizoni, F. M. (2002). Água, população rural e políticas de gestão: o caso do vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Ambiente & Sociedade, 5 (2), 129-146.
Roberts, M. H., & Erdei, E. (2020). Comparative United States autoimmune disease rates for 2010-2016 by sex, geographic region, and race. Autoimmunity reviews, 19 (1), 102423.
Rose N. R. (2017). Negative selection, epitope mimicry and autoimmunity. Current opinion in immunology, 49, 51–55.
Shukla, S. K., Singh, G., Ahmad, S., & Pant, P. (2018). Infections, genetic and environmental factors in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Microbial pathogenesis, 116, 279–288.
Toussirot, É., & Bereau, M. (2015). Vaccination and Induction of Autoimmune Diseases. Inflammation & allergy drug targets, 14 (2), 94–98.
Ulmanen, I., Halonen, M., Ilmarinen, T., & Peltonen, L. (2005). Monogenic autoimmune diseases - lessons of self-tolerance. Current opinion in immunology, 17(6), 609–615.
Wahren-Herlenius, M., & Dörner, T. (2013). Immunopathogenic mechanisms of systemic autoimmune disease. Lancet (London, England), 382 (9894), 819–831.
Yang, S. H., Gao, C. Y., Li, L., Chang, C., Leung, P., Gershwin, M. E., & Lian, Z. X. (2018). The molecular basis of immune regulation in autoimmunity. Clinical science (London, England: 1979), 132 (1), 43–67.
Yin, R. K. (2015). O estudo de caso. Bookman.
Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Echeimberg, J. O., & Leone, C. (2018). Research methodology topics: Cross-sectional studies. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 28(3), 356-360.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Junior; Sandra Bertelli Ribeiro de Castro; Ana Carla Amorim; André Lopes Frisso; João Victor Leite Dias; Alessandra de Paula Carli; Caio César de Souza Alves
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
