Behind the screen: use and consequences of online multiplayer games
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v8i10.1421Keywords:
MMORPGs; Gaming disorder; Internet; Online gaming.Abstract
An asystematic review of the national and international literature was carried out, in order to reflect on the use and consequences of the use of the MMORPG. Theoretical material was used in the following electronic databases: Scielo, Google Scholar, Pepsic, Scopus, Sciense Direrct, books, theses and dissertations of CAPES, with the following descriptors "videogame", "MMORPG", "online gaming" gaming disorder "," internet "," behavioral addiction ", without delimitation of year of publication, in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages, 75 articles were analyzed in two categories: General psychological effects and Gaming disorder. Results suggest that the MMORPG is a genre of game that produces positive and negative consequences, favoring the acquisition of new friendships, an increase in academic performance, as well as an increase in traits of hostility, aggressiveness, difficulty in solving problems, through a previous history of operation of personality. Also, the chronological time spent in the use of MMORPG appears as a crucial element for dependence, despite the other traits. It is suggested to conduct future empirical research involving Brazilian samples, since the studies in our country are incipient.
References
Adalier, A. & Balkan, E. (2012). The relationship between Internet addiction and psychological symptoms. International Journal of Global Education. 1(2): 42-49.
Axelsson, Ann-S. & Regan, T. (2002). How Belonging to an Online Group Affects Social Behavior – a Case Study of Asheron’s Call. Redmond, Washington: Microsoft Research.
Bakken, I. J., Wenzel, H. G., Gotestam, K. G., Johansson, & Oren (2009). Internet addiction among Norwegian adults: A stratified probability sample study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 50(1): 121-127.
Baggio, S., Dupuis, M., Studer, J., Spilka, S., Daeppen, J.-B., Simon, O. & Gmel, G. (2016). Reframing video gaming and Internet use addiction: Empirical cross-national comparison of heavy use over time and addiction scales among young users. Addiction, 111, 513-522. doi: 10.1111/add.13192.
Batthyany, D., Muller, K.W., Benker, F., & Wolfling, K. (2009). Computer game playing: Clinical characteristics of dependence and abuse among adolescents.
Buckley, P. F., & Brown, E. S. (2006). Prevalence and consequences of dual diagnosis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(7), e01
Caplan, S.E., Williams, D., & Yee, N. (2009) Problematic Internet use and psychosocial wellbeing among MMO players. Computers in Human Behavior. 25(1):1312-19. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.06.006
Chen, V. H., Duh, H. B., Puah, P. S. K., & Lam, D. Z. (2006). Enjoyment or engagement? Role of social interaction in playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGS). In Entertainment computing - ICEC 2006 (pp. 262-267). Berlin, Germany: Springer. doi:10.1007/11872320_31
Cheng, C. & Li, Ay-L. (2014). Internet addiction prevalence and quality of (real) life: a meta-analysis of 31 nations across seven world regions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. Dec, 17(12).
Choo, H., Gentile, D. A., Sim, T., Li, D., Khoo, A., & Liau, A. K. (2010). Pathological videogaming among Singaporean youth. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 39(11): 822–829.
Cole, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2007). Social interactions in massively multiplayer online role-playing gamers. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(1):575-583. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.9988
Demetrovics, Z., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Behavioral addictions: Past, present and future. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 1(1): 1–2.
Ding, W. N., Sun, J. H., Sun, Y. W., et al. (2014). Trait impulsivity and impaired prefrontal impulse inhibition function in adolescents with Internet gaming addiction revealed by a go/no-go fMRI study. Behavioral and Brain Functions: BBF, 10, 20. http://dx.doi. org/10.1186/1744-9081-10-20.
Dodson, E. (2006). Das virtual capital: An economic perspective on playing online games, fantastic scarcity, and real-market trades. Oregon: Bacharelado em Economia de Recursos, Agrária e do Ambiente, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
Ducheneaut, N. & Moore, R.J. (2004). Gaining more than experience points: Learning social behavior in multiplayer computer games. In: Conference proceedings on human factors in computing systems (CHI2004): Extended Abstracts, April 24-29, 2004, Vienna, Austria.
Ducheneaut, N. & Moore, R.J. (2005). The social side of gaming: a study of interaction patterns in a massively multiplayer online game. In: Proceedings of CSCW 2004, ACM, New York, p. 360-369.
Ducheneaut, N., Yee, N., Nickell, E., & Moore, R. J. (2006). "Alone Together?" Exploring the social dynamics of massively multiplayer online games. In: Proceedings of CHI 2006, ACM, New York, p.6.
Durkee, T. et al. (2012). Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. Addiction. 26(1).
Ferretti, S. (2008). Cheating detection through game time modeling: A better way to avoid time cheats in P2P MOGs? Multimedia Tools and Applications. 37(1):339-63.
Gentile, D.A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D., Fung, D., & Khoo, A. (2011). Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. Pediatrics, 127(2): 319-329. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1353
Gentile, D.A., Choo, H., Liau, A., Sim, T., Li, D.D., Fung, D., et al. (2011). Pathological video game use among youths: A two-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 127(1): 319–329.
Griffiths, M. D. (2005). A components model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4): 191–197.
Heckel, H. L. (2003). Online social interaction: The case of Everquest. (Tese para graduação da Faculty of George Mason University para Grau de Mestre em Arts Sociology). (Autores, vocês fecham o parágrafo no final, mas onde é ele se inicia?????? Verifiquem. Acertem. Agradecemos).
Hogue, A., Henderson, C. E., & Schmidt, A. T. (2016). Multidimensional predictors of treatment outcome in usual care for adolescent conduct problems and substance use. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10488-016-0724-7
Kelly, R. V. (2004). Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games, Ed. McFarland & Company Inc. Publishers.
Kessler, R. C. (2004). The epidemiology of dual diagnosis. Biological Psychiatry, 56(10): 730–737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.034.
Kessler, R. C. (2004). The epidemiology of dual diagnosis. Biological Psychiatry, 56(10):730–737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.034.
Kim, K., Ryu, E., Chon, M. Y., Yeun, E. J., Choi, S. Y., Seo, J. S. & Nam, B. W. (2006). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2):185-192.
Ko, C. H., Hsieh, T. J., Wang, P. W., et al. (2015). Altered gray matter density and disrupted functional connectivity of the amygdala in adults with Internet gaming disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 57(1):185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.11.003.
Király, O., Nagygyörgy, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Problematic online gaming. In K. Rosenberg & L. Feder (Eds.), Behavioral addictions: Criteria, evidence and treatment (pp. 61–95). New York, NY: Elsevier.
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chen, C. S., Chen, C. C., & Yen, C. F. (2008). Psychiatric comorbidity of internet addiction in college students: an interview study. CNS Spectr, 13(1):147-153.
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Chen, C. S., Yeh, Y. C., & Yen, C. F. (2009). Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for Internet addiction in adolescents: A 2-year prospective study. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medical, 163(1): 937-943. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.159
Kuss, D. J. & Griffiths, M. D. (2012a). Online gaming addiction in children and adolescents: a review of empirical research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 29(1):3-29.
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012b). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10(2):278-296.
Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., Karila, L., & Billieux, J. (2014). Internet addiction: A systematic review of epidemiological research for the last decade. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(1):4026-4052.
Ko, C.-H., Yen, J.-Y., Chen, S.-H., Wang, P.-W., Chen, C.-S., &Yen, C.-F. (2014).
Evaluation of the diagnostic criteria of Internet gaming disorder in the DSM-5 among young adults in Taiwan. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 53(1):103-110. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.008
Ko, C. H., Hsieh, T. J., Wang, P. W., et al. (2015). Altered gray matter density and disrupted functional connectivity of the amygdala in adults with Internet gaming disorder. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 57(1):185-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.11.003.
Lee, I., Yu, C-Y., Lin, H (2007). Leaving a Never-Ending Game: Quitting MMORPGs and Online Gaming Addiction. DIAGRA, Situated Play.
Lehdonvirta, V. (2007). Virtual economics: Applying economics to the study of game worlds. Available em: www.strategicleader.us/ ExperientalLearningPapers/Papers/paper-236_lehdonvirta.pdf.
Liu, M., & Peng, W. (2009). Cognitive and psychological predictors of the negative outcomes associated with playing MMOGs (massively multiplayer online games). Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1):1306-1311.
McClellan, J. E. III & Dorn, H. (2008). Science and technology in world history. JHU Press.
Mehroof, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010). Online gaming addiction: The role of sensation seeking, self-control, neuroticism, aggression, state anxiety, and trait anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(3):313–316. doi: 10. 1089/cyber.2009.0229
Meerkerk, G. J., Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., & Garretsen, H. F. L. (2006). Predicting compulsive Internet use: It's all about sex! CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(1):95-103. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.95
Ng BD, Wiemer-Hastings P. Addiction to the internet and online gaming. Cyberpsychol Behav 2005; 8:110–113.10
Niemz. K., Griffiths, M., & Banyard, P. (2005). Prevalence of pathological Internet use among university students and correlations with self-esteem, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and disinhibition. Cyberpsychol Behav. Dec, v.8, n.6, p. 562-70, 8(6):562-70. doi:10.1089/cpb.2005.8.562
Oliver, J. H. (2002). In Frans Mäyrä (Ed.), Proceedings of computer games and digital cultures conference. Tampere: Tampere University Press. Copyright: Authors and Tampere University Press.
Palfrey, J. & Gasser, Urs. (2011). Nascidos na era digital: entendendo a primeira geração de nativos digitais. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Peters, C.S., & Malesky, L.A. (2008). Problematic usage among highly-engaged players of massively multiplayer online role playing games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 480–483. (1):480-483.
Park, J. H., Han, D. H., Kim, B. N., Cheong, J. H., & Lee, Y. S. (2016). Correlations among social anxiety, self-esteem, impulsivity, and game genre in patients with problematic online game playing. Psychiatry Investigation, 13(3):297–304. doi:10.4306/pi.2016.13.3.297
Peukert, P., Sieslack, S., Barth, G., & Batra, A. (2010) Internet and computer game addiction: phenomenology, comorbidity, etiology, diagnostics and therapeutic implications for the addictives and their relatives. Psychiatrische Praxis, 37(5):219-224. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248442
Retirado de https://www.thewrap.com/what-is-a-video-game-a-short-explainer/
Peters, C.S., & Malesky, L.A. (2008). Problematic usage among highly-engaged players of massively multiplayer online role playing games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11(1):480–483.
Rice, R. A. (2006). MMO Evolution. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Press.
Sarsar, N. M. (2008). What children can learn from MMORPGs. ERIC, online submission, Available from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED501741.pdf
Smyth, J. (2007) Beyond self-selection in video game play: an experimental examination of the consequences of massively multiplayer online role-playing game play. Cyberpsychol Behav, 10(1):717–721.
Shaw, M., & Black, D. W. (2008). Internet Addiction: Definition, Assessment, Epidemiology and Clinical Management. CNS Drugs, 22(1):353-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200822050-00001
Spada, M. M., & Caselli, G. (2017). The metacognitions about online gaming scale: Development and psychometric properties. Addictive Behaviors, v.64, p.281–286. 64(1):281-6. doi:10.1016/ j.addbeh.2015.07.007
Spritzer DT, Picon FA. Dependência de jogos eletrônicos. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2012. p. 116-24.
Spritzer, D. T. & Picon, F. (2013). Dependência de jogos eletrônicos. In: Vivendo esse mundo digital. p. 116-124. São Paulo: Artmed.
Stavropoulos, V., Kuss, D., Griffiths, M.D., & Motti-Stefanidi, F. (2015a). A longitudinal study of adolescent Internet addiction: The role of conscientiousness and class-room hostility. Journal of Adolescent Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/743558415580163.
Souza, B. C., Silva, L. X. D. L., & Roazzi, A. (2010). MMORPGS and cognitive performance: A study with 1280 Brazilian high school students. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6):1564-1573.
Stavropoulos, V., Kuss, D.J., Griffiths, M.D., Wilson, P.,& Motti
Stavropoulos, V., Kuss, D., Griffiths, M.D., & Motti-Stefanidi, F. (2015a). A longitudinal study of adolescent Internet addiction: The role of conscientiousness and class-room hostility. Journal of Adolescent Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1177/743558415580163.
Stefanidi, F. (2017). Mmorpg Gaming And Hostility Predict Internet Addiction Symptoms In Adolescents: An Empirical Multilevel Longitudinal Study. Addictive Behaviours, 64(1): 294-300, Doi:10.1016/J.Addbeh.2015.09.001
Tao, R., Huang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., & Li, M. (2010). Proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Addiction, 105(3):556-564.
Tao R, Huang X, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Li M. Proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Addiction. 2010 Mar; 105(3):556-64.
Taylor, T. L. (2006). Play Between Worlds: Exploring Online Game Culture. The MIT Press. Chicago.
Turkle, S. (1997) A vida no ecrã: a identidade na era da internet. Lisboa: Relógio D’Água.
Trepte, S., Reinecke, L., & Juechems, K. (2012). The social side of gaming: How playing online computer games creates online and offline social support. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(3):832-839. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.12.003
Xiuqin, H., Huimin, Z., Mengchen, L., Jinan, W., Ying, Z., & Ran, T. (2010). Mental health, personality, and parental rearing styles of adolescents with internet addiction disorder. Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking, 13(1):401-406.
Wan, C., & Chiou, W. (2006). Psychological Motives and Online Games Addiction: A Test of Flow Theory and Humanistic Needs Theory for Taiwanese Adolescents. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 9(1):317-324.
Van Eck, Richard. (2010). " Gaming and Cognition: Theories and Practice from the Learning Sciences." IGI Global. Cap. 3. Anderson, Bodi. "MMORPGs in support of Learning: Current Trends and Future Uses." 55-81
Wei, H., Chen, M., Huang, P., & Bai, Y. (2012). The association between online gaming, social phobia and depression: An internet survey. BMC Psychiatry, 12(1):92-9. 10.1186/1471-244X-12-92
Whang, L. S. (2003). Online game dynamics in Korean society: Experiences and lifestyles in the online game world. Korea Journal, p.7–34.
Williams, D. et al. (2006). From tree house to barracks: the social life of guilds in world of warcraft. Games and Cultures, 1(4):338-361.
Wing, J. S. L. (2007). Interpersonal Relationships: From Aggression and Hatred to Altruism and Love – how should one perceive another in a computer game. Available em http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~jlionw/ COMP763/report.pdf
Yen, J.Y., Ko, C.H., Yen, C.F., Wu, H.Y., & Yang, M.J. (2007). The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(1):93-98.
Yen, J.Y., Liu, T. L. , Wang, P.W., Chen, C.S., Yen, C.F., & Ko, C.H. (2017). Association between internet gaming disorder and adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and their correlates: Impulsivity and hostility. Addictive Behaviors, 64(1):308-313. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.04.024
Young, K. S. (2009). Internet addiction: diagnosis and treatament considerations. J. Contemp. Psychother, v. 39, p.241-246.
Zhang, F., & Kaufman, D. (2016). Physical and cognitive impacts of digital games on older adults: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 35(11):1189-1210. doi:10.1177/0733464814566678.
Zhong Z. J. (2011). The effects of collective MMORPG (Massively multiplayer online role playing games) play on gamers’ online and offline social capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1):2352-2363. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2011.07.014
Zhong, Z., & Yao, M. Z. (2012). Gaming motivations, avatar-self identification and symptoms of online game addiction. Asian Journal of Communication, http://dx.doi.org/10. 1080/01292986.2012.748814
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
