Strategies used for the prevention and treatment of Burnout Syndrome

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14500

Keywords:

Burnout; Prevention; Treatment.

Abstract

Objective: This study carried out an integrative review in order to identify the prevention and treatment of Burnout syndrome, as well as to analyze the response of this strategy. Methodology: A search was carried out on the journals portal, using the following descriptor-treatment and burnout., 73 abstracts were selected for reading and at the end 18 articles were included. Results: To prevent and treat Burnout syndrome, it is important to change the organization, the team's posture and the strengthening of individual coping. However, most studies select, mainly, in the field of the individual. For prevention, self-care strategy, early recognition of signs by colleagues, clinical supervision, modifications of stressors, training to help the individual deal with stressors, as well as changes, alterations seem to be important. For the treatment of exhaustion, cognitive behavioral therapy, emotional competence, group or individual psychotherapy, skills training, cohesion between peers, strong light, holistic method, acupuncture, art therapy and training courses aimed at changing attitudes contributed to improvement. of the syndrome. It is noteworthy that it is important to assess, in addition to work aspects, the impact of personal life on illness. Conclusion: In summary, it is important that the team knows the syndrome, that it is designed for prevention and recognition, as well as that it be returned to reduce stressors and strengthen personal relationships.

References

Abacar, M., Aliante, G., & António, F. (2020). Burnout em professores do ensino secundário. Research, Society and Development, 9, 7, e545973776. 10.33448/rsd-v9i7.3776.

Aftanas, L. I., & Golocheikine, S. A. (2001). Human anterior and frontal midline theta and lower alpha reflect emotionally positive state and internalized attention: high-resolution EEG investigation of meditation. Neurosci. Lett., 310, 57–60. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02094-8.

Aksamit, P. (1997). Investigation of Burnout in Substance User Treatment Providers. Diss. Abst. Internat., 58, 4,1793B–1794B.

Alimoglu, M. K., & Donmez, L. (2005). Daylight exposure and the other predictors of burnout among nurses in a university hospital. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 42, 549–555. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.09.001.

Alonso, F. G. (2014). Síndrome de burnout: manual de medidas preventivas e identificativas para aplicação pelo engenheiro de segurança do trabalho Monografia Curso de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – UTFPR, 37p.

Amutio, A., Martínez-Taboada, C., Hermosilla, D., & Delgado, L. C. (2015). Enhancing relaxation states and positive emotions in physicians through a mindfulness training program: a one-year study. Psychol. Health Med., 20, 720–731. https://doi.org/10. 1080/13548506.2014.986143.

Anclair, M., Lappalainen, R., Muotka, J., & Hiltunen, A. J. (2018). Cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness for stress and burnout: a waiting list controlled pilot study comparing treatments for parents of children with chronic conditions. Scand J Caring Sci., 32, 389–396. 10.1111/scs.12473.

Awa, W. L., Plaumann, M., & Walter, U. (2010). Burnout prevention: a review of intervention programs. Patient Education and Counseling, 78, 2, 184-190. 10.1016/j.pec.2009.04.008.

Beck, J.S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford.

Berger, A. (2020). Medicina Do Trabalho – Foco Na Prevenção E Promoção Da Saúde. Saúde Business. Https://www.saudebusiness.com/gesto/medicina-do-trabalho-foco-na-preveno-e-promoo-da-sade.

Berking, M. (2007). Training emotionaler Kompetenzen. [Training of emotional competences]. Berlin: Springer.

Berking, M. (2015). Training emotionaler Kompetenzen, (3a ed.), Psychotherapie: Praxis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg.

Borritz M. (2006). Burnout in human service work e causes and consequences. Copenhagen, Denmark: National Institute of Occupational Health, Denmark.

Bouffard, J. A., & Smith, S. (2005). Programmatic, counselor and client-level comparison of rural versus urban drug court treatment. Substance Use and Misuse, 40, 3, 321–42. 10.1081/ja-200049340

Broome, K. M.; Knight, D. K.; Edwards, J. R. & Flynn, P. M. (2009). Leadership, burnout, and job satisfaction in outpatient drug-free treatment programs. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 37, 2, 160–70. 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.12.002.

Campos, E. P. (2011). Quem cuida do cuidador: uma proposta para os profissionais da saúde. Vozes, (4a ed,), 150 p.

Cândido, J., & Rocha De Souza, L. (2017). Síndrome De Burnout: As Novas Formas De Trabalho Que Adoecem. Portal Dos Psicólogos, 12.

Carlotto, M. S., & Palazzo, L. S. (2006). Síndrome de burnout e fatores associados: um estudo epidemiológico com professores. Cad. Saúde Pública, 22, 1017-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2006000500014

Carvalho, V. A. (2014). Humanização e cuidados paliativos. Loyola ed.

Cesario, M. S. A., Carneiro, A. M. F., & Dolabela, M. F. (2020). Tratamento medicamentoso em pacientes neonatos com cardiopatia congênita: apontamentos a partir da literatura recente. Research, Society and Development, 9, 11, e3339119946, 10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9946.

Corey, G. (2009). The theory and practice of counselling and psychotherapy. Belmont, (8a ed.), Brooks/Cole.

Creswell, J., & Lindsay, E. (2014). How does mindfulness training affect health? A mindfulness stress buffering account. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci., 23, 401–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414547415.

Cruz, L. O., Almeida, M. K. C., & Dolabela, M. F. (2020). Contribuições de terapias complementares e outras estratégias para o tratamento da esquizofrenia: uma revisão integrativa. Research, Society and Development, 9, 11, e76791110376. 10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10376.

Daniels, A. H., DePasse, J. M., & Kamal, R. N. (2016). Orthopaedic Surgeon Burnout: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 24, 4, 213-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/ JAAOS-D-15-00148.

Davidson, R. J. (2016). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and the prevention of depressive relapse: measures, mechanisms, and mediators. JAMA Psychiatry, 73, 547–8. 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0135.

Dubois, C. A., Bentein, K., Mansour, J. B., Gilbert, F., & Bédard, J. L. (2014). Why some employees adopt or resist reorganization of work practices in health care: associations between perceived loss of resources, burnout, and attitudes to change. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 11, 1,187-201. 10.3390/ijerph110100187.

Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology & Theology, 11, 330–340.

Evans, A. S. (1985). The eradication of communicable diseases: myth or reality? American Journal of Epidemiology, 122,199-207.

Farber, B. A. (2000) Treatment Strategies for Different Types of Teacher Burnout. Psychotherapy in Practice, 56(5), 675–689. 10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200005)56:5<675::aid-jclp8>3.0.co;2-d.

Fernandes, J. D., Melo, C. M. M., Gusmão, M. C. C. M., Fernandes, J., & Guimarães, A. (2006). Saúde mental e trabalho: significados e limites de modelos teóricos. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem, 14, 803-1.

Ferreira, L. C. R., & Martino, M. M. F. (2006). O estresse do enfermeiro: análise das publicações sobre o tema. Rev. Cienc. Med., 15, 3, 241-8.

Finney, J. W., Moos, R. H., & Timko, C. (1999). The Course of Treated and Untreated Substance Use Disorders: Remission and Resolution, Relapse and Mortality,In Addictions: a Comprehensive Guidebook, McCrady, B. S., Epstein, E. E. Eds.; Oxford University Press: 30–49.

Flook, L., Goldberg, S. B., Pinger, L., Bonus, K., & Davidson, R. J. (2013). Mindfulness for teachers: a pilot study to assess effects on stress, burnout and teaching efficacy. Mind Brain Educ., 7, 182–195. 10.1111/mbe.12026.

Frankl, V. E. (1984). Man's search for meaning. Simon & Schuster.

Galdas, P. M., Cheater, F., & Marshall, P. (2005). Men and health help-seeking behaviour: literature review. J. Adv. Nurs., 49, 616e23. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03331.x.

Gálvez, M., Moreno, B., & Mingote, J.C. (2009). El desgaste profesional del médico. Revisión y Guía de Buenas Prácticas. El vuelo de Ícaro. Díaz de Santos.

Garrosa, H. E., Benevides, P. A. M. T., Moreno, J. B., & Gozalez, J. L. (2002). Prevenção e intervenção na síndrome de burnout: como prevenir (ou remediar) o processo de burnout. In: Benevides PAMT, organizador. Burnout: quando o trabalho ameaça o bem-estar do trabalhador. Editora Casa do Psicólogo, 224-67.

Gilbert, P. (2009). Introducing compassion focused therapy. Adv. Psychiatr. Treat., 15, 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.107.005264.

Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 53: 6–41. 10.1111/bjc.12043.

Gómez-Gascón, T., Martín-Fernández, J., Gálvez-Herrer, M., Tapias-Merino, E., Beamud-Lagos, M., Mingote-Adán, J. C., & Grupo EDESPROAP-Madrid (2013). Effectiveness of an intervention for prevention and treatment of burnout in primary health care professionals. BMC Family Practice, 14, 173.

Goodman, M. J., & Schorling, J. B. (2012). A mindfulness course decreases burnout and improves well-being among healthcare providers. Int. J. Psychiatry Med., 43, 2, 119-128. 10.2190/PM.43.2.b.

Haberthu, A. K., Elkuch, F. M., Holtforth, M. G., Hochstrasser, B., & Soyka, M. (2009). Characterization of Patients Discharged From Inpatient Treatment for Burnout: Use of Psychological Characteristics to Identify Aftercare Needs. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 10, 1039-1055. 10.1002/jclp.20606.

Hardiman, P., & Simmonds, J. G. (2013). Spiritual well-being, burnout and trauma in counsellors and psychotherapists. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 6, 1044–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2012.732560.

Hernandez, J. M. C., & Caldas, M. P. (2001). Resistência a mudança: uma revisão crítica. Rev. adm. empres., 41, 2, 31-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-75902001000200004.

Isaksson Ro, K. E., Tyssen, R., Hoffart, A., Sexton, H., Aasland, O. G., & Gude, T. (2010). A three year cohort study of the relationships between coping, job stress and burnout after a counselling intervention for help seeking physicians. BMC Public Health, 10, 213.

Iserson, K. V. (2018). Burnout syndrome: global medicine volunteering as a possible treatment strategy. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 54, 4, 516–521. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.062.

Itália, S., Favara-Scacco, C., Di Cataldo, A., & Russo, G. (2008). Evaluation and art therapy treatment of the burnout syndrome in oncology units. Psycho-Oncology, 17, 676–680. 10.1002/pon.1293

Khamisa, N., Peltzer, K., & Oldenburg, B. (2013). Burnout in Relation to Specific Contributing Factors and Health Outcomes among Nurses: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 10, 6, 2214-40. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10062214.

Kirby, E. E. F., Jung, I. E. F.de S., Neves, L. M. L., Gregório, A. P. A., & Gouvêa, M. V. (2020). Síndrome de Burnout em profissionais que atuam na Oncologia: Revisão Integrativa. Research, Society and Development, 9, 7, e48973545. 10.33448/rsd-v9i7.3545.

Krasner, M. S., Epstein, R. M., Beckman, H., Suchman, A. L., Chapman, B., Mooney, C. J., & Quill, T. E. (2009). Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians. JAMA, 302, 12, 1284-1293. 10.1001/jama.2009.1384

Lacoursiere, R. B. (2001). “Burnout” and substance user treatment: the phenomenon and the administrator-clinician's experience, Substance Use & Misuse, 36, 1 3, 1839-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/JA-100108430.

Lara, R. (2011). Saúde do trabalhador: considerações a partir da crítica da economia política. Rev. katálysis, 14, 1, 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1414-49802011000100009.

Lasch, C. (1979). The culture of narcissism: American life in an age of diminishing expectations. Warner.

Lennartssona, A. K., Theorell, T., Kushnir, M. M., & Jonsdottir, I. H. (2016). Changes in DHEA-s levels during the first year of treatment in patients with clinical burnout are related to health development. Biological Psychology, 120, 28–34.

Litscher, G., Liu, C. Z., Wang, L., Wang, L. P., Li, Q. Q., Shi, G. X., Gaischek, I., Litscher, D., & Wang, X. M. (2013). Improvement of the Dynamic Responses of Heart Rate Variability Patterns after Needle and Laser Acupuncture Treatment in Patients with Burnout Syndrome: A Transcontinental Comparative Study. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/128721

Liu, H. (1997). Burnout and Organizational Commitment Among Staff of Publicly Funded Substance User Treatment Programs. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, Baltimore.

López, A. V. (2013). Rasgos, trastornos de personalidad y comorbilidad psiquiátrica de profesionales sanitarios con Síndrome de Burnout (Tesis Doctoral). Madrid, España: Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Madsen, I. E. H., Lange, T., Borritz, M., & Rugulies, R. (2015). Burnout as a risk factor for antidepressant treatment e a repeated measures time-to-event analysis of 2936 Danish human service workers. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 65, 47e52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.004 0022-3956

Malach Pines, A. (2002). A psychoanalytic-existential approach to burnout: demonstrated in the cases of a nurse, a teacher, and a manager. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 39, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.39.1.103.

Maninger, N., Wolkowitz, O. M., Reus, V. I., Epel, E. S., & Mellon, S. H. (2009). Neurobiological and neuropsychiatric effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS). Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 30, 65–91. 10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.11.002.

Martins, A. E., Davenport, M. C., Del Valle, M. P., Lalla, S., Domínguez, P., Ormando, L., Ingratta, A., Gambarini, H., & Ferrero, F. (2011). Impact of a brief intervention on the burnout levels of pediatric residents. J Pediatr., 87, 6, 493-498. 10.2223/JPED.2127

Maslach, C., & Goldberg, J. (1998). Prevention of burnout: new perspectives. Appl Prev Psychol., 7, 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(98)80022-X.

Maslach, C., & Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Ocuppational Behavior, 2, 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205.

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., & Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol., 52, 397–422. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397.

Maslach, C. (2017). Finding solutions to the problem of burnout. Consulting Psychol J Pract Res., 69, 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000090

Meesters, Y., & Waslander, M. (2010). Burnout and Light Treatment. Stress and Health 26: 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1250.

Moos, R. H., & Moos, B. S. (1998). The Staff Workplace and the Quality and Outcome of Substance User Treatment Treatment. J. Stud. Alcohol, 59, 43–51. 10.15288/jsa.1998.59.43.

Moreno, F. N., Gil, G. P., Haddad, M. C. L., & Vannuchi, M. T. O. (2011). Estratégias e intervenções no enfrentamento da síndrome de Burnout. Rev. enferm. UERJ., 19, 1, 140-5.

National Academy of Medicine. Action collaborative on clinician well-being and resilience. https://nam.edu/initiatives/ clinician-resilience -and-well-being/.

Ng, S. M., & Yiu, Y. M. (2013). Acupuncture for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized, sham-controlled trial with singleblinded design,” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 19, 4, 21–26.

Orentreich, N., Brind, J. L., Rizer, R. L., & Vogelman, J. H. (1984). Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 59, 551–5. 10.1210/jcem-59-3-551.

Oser, C. B., Biebel, E. P., Pullen, E., & Harp, K. L. H. (2013). Causes, Consequences, and Prevention of Burnout Among Substance Abuse Treatment Counselors: A Rural Versus Urban Comparison. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 45, 1, 17–27. 10.1080/02791072.2013.763558.

Pallich, G., Blättler, L., Penedo, J. M. G., Holtforth, M. G., & Hochstrasser, B. (2020). Emotional competence predicts outcome of an inpatient treatment program for Burnout. Journal of Affective Disorders. 274,949–954.10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.139

Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Pereira, F. J., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. UFSM, https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf

Price, L, & Spence, S. H. (1994). Burnout Symptoms amongst Drug and Alcohol Service Employees: Gender Differences in the Interaction Between Work and Home Stressors. Anxiety, Stress Coping, 7, 67–84. 10.1080/10615809408248394.

Regehr, C., Glancy, D., Pitts, A., & LeBlanc, V. R. (2014). Interventions to reduce the consequences of stress in physicians: A review and metaanalysis. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 202, 5, 353-359. 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000130.

Rissardo, M. P., & Gasparino, R. C. (2013). Exaustão emocional em enfermeiros de um hospital público. Esc Anna Nery Rev Enferm., 17, 1, 128-32. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1414-81452013000100018.

Silva, S. C. P. S., Nunes, M. A, P., Santana, V. R., Reis, F. P., Machado-Neto, J., & Lima, S. O. (2015). A Síndrome De Burnout Em Profissionais Da Rede De Atenção Primária À Saúde De Aracaju, Brasil. Ciênc. Saúde Colet., 20, 10, 3011-20. Https://Doi.Org/10.1590/1413-812320152010.19912014

Sanders, J. L., Boudreau, R. M., Cappola, A. R., Arnold, A. M., Robbins, J., Cushman, M., Cushman, M., & Newman, A.B. (2010)b. Cardiovascular disease is associated with greater incident dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decline in the oldest old: The cardiovascular health study all stars study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58, 421–426. 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02724.x.

Sanders, J. L., Cappola, A. R., Arnold, A. M., Boudreau, R. M., Chaves, P. H., Robbins, J., Cushman, M., & Newman, A.B. (2010)a. Concurrent change in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and functional performance in the oldest old: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study All Stars study. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 65, 976–981. 10.1093/gerona/glq072.

Sanders, J. L., Ding, V., Arnold, A. M., Kaplan, R. C., Cappola, A. R., Kizer, J. R., Boudreau, R.M., Cushman, M., & Newman, A.B. (2014). Do changes in circulating biomarkers track with each other and with functional changes in older adults? The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 69, 174–181. 10.1093/gerona/glt088.

Santana, L. L., Sarquis, L. M. M., & Miranda, F. M. D’ A. (2020). Riscos psicossociais e a saúde dos trabalhadores de saúde: reflexões sobre a Reforma Trabalhista Brasileira. Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73, 1, e20190092. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0092.

Santos, J. M., Oliveira, E. B., & Moreira, A. C. (2006). Estresse, fator de risco para a saúde do enfermeiro em Centro de Terapia Intensiva. Rev enferm. UERJ., 14, 580-5.

Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2009). Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Development International, 14, 204–220.

Sé, A. C. S., Machado, W. C. A., Passos, J. P., Gonçalves, R. C. S., Cruz, V. V., Bittencourt, L. P., Paiva, A. P. D. L.de, & Figueiredo, N. M. A.de. (2020). Prevalência da síndrome de burnout em enfermeiros do atendimento pré-hospitalar. Research, Society and Development, 9, 7, e94097526510.33448/rsd-v9i7.5265.

Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5

Tauil, P. L. (1998). Controle de agravos à saúde: consistência entre objetivos e medidas preventivas. Inf. Epidemiol. Sus, 7, 2, 55-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/S0104-16731998000200006.

Teixeira, F. G., Silva, M. R. S. da, & Medeiros, G. L. (2010). Síndrome de Burnout - a interface entre o trabalho na área da educação e na enfermagem. Revista de Enfermagem, serIII (2), 101–109.

Theorell, T. (2009). Anabolism and catabolism. In S. Sonnentag, P. L. Perrewé, & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Research in occupational stress and wellbeing. Current perspectives on job-stress recovery, 7, 249–276.

Traish, A. M., Kang, H. P., Saad, F., & Guay, A. T. (2011). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)–a precursor steroid or an active hormone in human physiology. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8, 2960–82. 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02523.x.

Tzu, G, Bannerman, B & Hill, N. (2016). From Grey Nothingness to Holistic Healing: A Non-Dual Approach to the Treatment of Burnout. Int J Ment Health Addiction, 15, 652–69. 10.1007/s11469-016-9701-3.

Vieth, A. Z., Strauman, T. J., Kolden, G. G., Woods, T. E., Michels, J. L., & Klein, M. H. (2003). Self-system therapy (SST): A theory-based psychotherapy for depression. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 245–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg023.

Warren, C. S., Schafer, K. J., Crowley, M. E., & Olivardia, R. (2012). A Qualitative Analysis of Job Burnout in Eating Disorder Treatment Providers. Eating Disorders, 20,175–195. 10.1080/10640266.2012.668476.

Wielgosz, J., Schuyler, B., Lutz, A., & Davidson, R. J. (2016). Long-term mindfulness training is associated with reliable differences in resting respiration rate. Sci Rep., 6, 27533. 10.1

Published

01/05/2021

How to Cite

LIMA, S. dos S. F. de .; DOLABELA, M. F. . Strategies used for the prevention and treatment of Burnout Syndrome. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 5, p. e11110514500, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14500. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/14500. Acesso em: 3 dec. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences