Prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine and other illicit drugs among drivers truck in the West Center region of Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17691Keywords:
Immunoassay; Psychoactive substance; ASSIST; Urine.Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of use of licit and illicit drugs and verify the behavioral profile among truck drivers. A total of 697 truck drivers were interviewed at a gas station on BR-153, between from February 2014 to February 2015. The questionnaire ASSIST was applied to screening the use of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and illicit drugs. Sociodemographic information and professional were also collected. Urine samples were screened for licit and illicit drugs. All of truckers were male, median age of 42 years, most of them married and low scholarity. 47% related moderate or high consumption of alcohol and tobacco and need a brief intervention. 21% use of cocaine, cannabinoids, amphetamine, hypnotics/sedatives, opioids, inhalants and need specialist treatment. From the 697 participants, 94% provided urine samples. 10,5% were positive for drugs. 5,2% were positive for cocaine, 2,6% for cannabinoids, 2,0% for amphetamine, 0,4% for benzodiazepines, 0,3% positive for methamphetamines and 1,4% for combined use of two drugs. Young and single truckers use tobacco, cannabis and amphetamines and need to receive brief intervention for these drugs. Truck drivers in the northern region of low education, require specialized treatment for tobacco. Truck drivers make high use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine and other ilicit drugs. Measures are needed to improve quality of life to the drivers, as well as to prevent and treat individuals who use licit and illicit drugs in order to reduce engagement with traffic accidents.
References
Brasil. Agência Nacional de Trânsito Terrestre (ANTT). (2021). Registro nacional de transportadores rodoviários de cargas – RNTRC. http://www.antt.gov.br/index.php/content/view/4929/RNTRC___Registro_Nacional_de_Transportadores_Rodoviarios_de_Cargas.html
Alessi A., & Alves M. K. (2015). Habits of life and health of truck drivers in Brazil: a literature review. Ciência & Saúde. 8 (3):129-136 http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1983-652X.2015.3.18184
Azevedo e Silva G., Valente J. G., Almeida L. M., Moura E. C., & Malta D. C. (2009). Tobacco smoking and level of education in Brazil, 2006. Revista de Saúde Pública. 43 (2): 48-56 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102009000900007
Barros A. J. D., Cascaes A. M., Wehrmeister F. C., Martínez-Mesa J, & Menezes A. M. B. (2011). Tobacco smoking in Brazil: regional inequalities and prevalence according to occupational characteristics. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 16 (9): 3707-3716 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232011001000008
Berti M. L., Oliveira S. R., Andrade L. M., Silva G. A., & Garcia F. M. P. (2013). Knowledge on truckers amphetamines: an approach to light phenomenology. G&S 4 (2): 68-76 http://dx.doi.org/10.18673/
Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resolução - RDC nº 52, de 6 de outubro de 2011. (2011). Dispõe sobre a proibição do uso das substâncias anfepramona, femproporex e mazindol, seus sais e isômeros, bem como intermediários e medidas de controle da prescrição e dispensação de medicamentos que contenham a substância sibutramina, seus sais e isômeros, bem como intermediários e dá outras providências.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA). (2014). Política Nacional de Controle do Tabaco - Relatório de Gestão e Progresso 2011-2012, INCA
Brasil. Presidência da República, Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos. Lei nº 9.503, de 23 de setembro de 1997. (1997). Institui o Código de Trânsito Brasileiro.
Brasil. Presidência da República, Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos. Resolução nº 517 de 29 de janeiro de 2015. (2015). Altera a Resolução CONTRAN nº 425, de 27 de novembro de 2012, que dispõe sobre o exame de aptidão física e mental, a avaliação psicológica e o credenciamento das entidades públicas e privadas de que tratam o art. 147, I e §§ 1º a 4º, e o art. 148 do Código de Trânsito Brasileiro.
Carmen del Río, M., Gómez, J., Sancho, M., & Alvarez, F. J. (2002). Alcohol, illicit drugs and medicinal drugs in fatally injured drivers in Spain between 1991 and 2000. Forensic Science International. 127 (1-2): 63-70 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00239
Carlson R. W., Atodaria S., Srivatsav N., & Andhavarapu S. (2009). Intoxication with street drugs: Cocaine and amphetamines. Psychiatric Times. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/intoxication-street-drugs-cocaine-and-amphetamines
Confederação Nacional do Transporte (CNT). Boletim estatístico 2016. (2016). Available from: http://www.cnt.org.br/Boletim/boletim-estatistico-cnt (Acessed on 31.05.21).
Domingos J. B. C., Pillon S. C., Santos M. A., Santos R. Al., Jora N. P., & Ferreira P. S. (2014). Alcohol use and health conditions among truck drivers. Revista de Enfermagem UERJ. 22 (6): 836-42 http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2014.4516
Ferreira L. O., Oliveira E. S., Raymond H. F., Chen S. Y., & McFarland W. (2008). Use of time-location sampling for systematic behavioral surveillance of truck drivers in Brazil. AIDS and Behavior. 12: 32-38 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-008-9386-0
Gherardi-Donato E. C. S., Lopes M., Santiago M. R., & Corradi-Webster C. M. (2011). Characterization of tobacco consumption and dependence among workers at a higher education institution. SMAD, Revista Eletrônica de Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas. 7 (3): 1-6.
Gjerde H., Normanna P. T., Christophersen A. S., Samuelsen S. O., & Mørlanda J. (2011). Alcohol, psychoactive drugs and fatal road traffic accidents in Norway: A case–control study. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 43 (2011): 1197–1203 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.034
Greenacre M., & Hastie T. (1987). The geometric interpretation of correspondence analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 82 (398): 437-447 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1987.10478446
Humeniuk R. E., Henry-Edwards S., Ali R. L., Poznyak V., & Monteiro M. (2010). The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): manual for use in primary care.
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Políticas Públicas de Álcool e Outras Drogas (INDAP). (2014). II Levantamento Nacional de Álcool e Drogas (LENAD) - 2012. http://inpad.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Lenad-II-Relat%C3%B3rio.pdf
Knauth D. R., LealI A. F., Pilecco F. B., Seffner F., Teixeira A. M. F. B. (2012). Staying awake: truck drivers’ vulnerability in Rio Grande do Sul,Southern Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública. 46 (5): 886-93 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102012000500016
Laranjeira R. (2010). Drugs legalization and public health. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 15 (3): 621-631 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232010000300002
Lebart L., Morineau A., Lambert, T. (1994). SPAD. N: manual de referencia: versión 2.5: sistema compatible para el análisis de datos. CISIA.
Leyton V., Sinagawa D. M., Oliveira K. C. B. G., Schmitz W., Andreuccetti G., Martinis B. S., Yonamine M., & Munoz D. R. (2011). Amphetamine, cocaine and cannabinoids use among truck drivers on the roads in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Forensic Science International. 215 (2012): 25-27, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.03.032
Marques A. C. P. R., Campana A., Gigliotti A. P., Lourenço M. T. C., Ferreira M. P., & Laranjeira R. (2001). Consensus on the treatment of nicotine dependence. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 23 (4): 200-14 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462001000400007
Martins O. A. (2013). Efeito do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas no organismo – uma revisão. Revista Eletrônica de Educação e Ciência (REEC) 3 (2): 07-10.
Nascimento E. C., Nascimento E., Silva J. P. (2007). Alcohol and amphetamines use among long-distance truck drivers. Rev. Saúde Púbica 41 (2): 290-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102007000200017
Oliveira L. G., Endo L. G., Sinagawa D. M., Yonamine M., Munoz D. R., & Leyton V., 2013. Persistent amphetamine consumption by truck drivers in São Paulo State, Brazil, despite the ban on production, prescription, and use. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 29 (9):1903-1909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00029213
Oliveira L. G., Leopoldo Kae., Gouvea M. J. C., Barroso L. P., Gouveia P. A. R., Muñoz D. R., & Leyton V. (2016). Prevalence of at-risk drinking among Brazilian truck drivers and its interference on the performance of executive cognitive tasks. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 166 (2016): 218–225 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.019
Peixe T. S., Almeida R. M., Girotto E., Andrade S. M., & Mesas A. E. (2014). Use of Illicit Drugs by Truck Drivers Arriving at Paranaguá Port Terminal, Brazil. Traffic Injury Prevention. 15 (7): 673-677 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2013.868893
Pereira, M. M, Mansur, A., Takada, J. Y, & Leyton, V. (2021). Fatores demográficos e de risco cardiovascular associados ao uso de drogas por caminhoneiros no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: um estudo transversal. Jornal Internacional de Pesquisa Ambiental e Saúde Pública. 18 (9), 4927. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094927
Rezende M. M. (2000). Analysis models of the use of drugs and the therapeutic intervention: some considerations. Revista Biociências. 6 (1): 49-55.
Scherer, Juliana N. et al. (2020). Uso de drogas e comportamentos ao dirigir entre motoristas com e sem infrações relacionadas ao álcool. Tendências em psiquiatria e psicoterapia [online]. v. 42, n. 3 [Acesso em 31 de maio de 2021], pp. 230-238. Disponível em: <https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0034>. Epub 19 de outubro de 2020. ISSN 2238-0019. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0034
Silva O., Greve J. M. D., Yonamine M., & Leyton V. (2003). Drug Use by Truck Drivers in Brazil. Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy. 10 (2): 135-139 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0968763021000057727
Souza J. C., Paiva T., & Reimão R. (2005). Sleep habits, sleepiness and accidents among truck drivers. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 63 (4):925-930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2005000600004
Takitane J., Oliveira L. G., Endo L. G., Oliveira K. C. B. G., Muñoz D. R., Yonamine M., & Leyton V. (2013). Amphetamine use by truck drivers on highways of Sao Paulo State: a risk for the occurrence of traffic accidents? Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 18 (5): 1247-1254 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013000500009
Teles A. S., Matos M. A., Caetano K. A. A., Costa L. A., França D. D. S., Pessoni G. C., Brunini S. M., & Martins R. M. (2008). Comportamentos de risco para doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em caminhoneiros no Brasil. Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica. 24 (1):25-30 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892008000700003
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2013). International Standards About Drug Use Prevention. UNODC.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2014). World drug report 2014. UNODC, Vienna.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2002). The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): Development, Reliability and Feasibility. 97:1183-1194.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). Report on the global tobacco epidemic: warning about the dangers of tobacco, WHO.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Tobacco. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
Yonamine M., Sanches L. R., Paranhos B. A., Almeida R. M., Andreuccetti G., & Leyton V. (2013). Detecting alcohol and illicit drugs in oral fluid samples collected from truck drivers in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Traffic Injury Prevention. 14 (2):127-31 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2012.696222
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Carla Danielle Dias Costa; Diogo Sousa Rodrigues; Flávia Neri Meira; Sérgio Henrique Nascente Costa; Vania Rodriguez ; Alessandro de Carvalho Cruz; Jerônimo Raimundo de Oliveira Neto; Luiz Carlos da Cunha; Keila Correia de Alcântara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.