Functionality analysis and natural ventilation of social housing in times of pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20114Keywords:
functionality, natural ventilation, social housing, pandemic.; Functionality; Natural ventilation; Social housing; Pandemic.Abstract
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, inadequate spaces in terms of the dimensions of the environments and lack of flexibility for possible adjustments, not only accentuate health risks, but also interfere in the productivity of remote work and school performance. In this sense, social housing has an unsatisfactory performance in terms of functionality, mainly because they have small spaces and inadequate window frames to achieve satisfactory natural ventilation and reduce the contagion by coronavirus. The objective of this article is to analyze three single-family social housings, aiming to rethink spaces, focusing on some elements necessary to protect the health and well-being of the inhabitants. The method applied concepts of functionality and useful area, in addition to the requirements and criteria of the Brazilian bioclimatic zoning and performance standards, including the construction guidelines for single-family social housings (SH) reflecting on the need to adapt SH to guarantee well-being and inhabitants' health. Analysis results showed that low-income buildings are precarious in terms of functionality and do not allow adaptations due to the architectural design and technical specification of walls and window frames.
References
Awada, M., Becerik-Gerber, B., Hoque, S., O'neill, Z., Pedrielli, G., Wen, J. & Wu, T. (2020). Ten questions concerning occupant health in buildings during normal operations and extreme events including the COVID-19 pandemic. Building and Environment, p. 1–11.
Bentayeb, M., Norback, D., Bednarek, M., Bernard, A., Cai, G., Cerrai, S., Eleftheriou, K. K., Gratziou, C., Holst, G. J., Lavaud, F.; Nasilowski, J., Sestini, P., Sarno, G., Sigsgaard, T., Wieslander, G., Zielisnki, J., Viegi, G. & Annesi-maesano, I. (2015). Indoor air quality, ventilation and respiratory health in elderly residents living in nursing homes in Europe. European Respiratory Journal, v. 45, p. 1228-1238.
BOUERI FILHO, J. J. (2008). Projeto e Dimensionamento dos Espaços da Habitação Espaço de Atividades. São Paulo: Estação das Letras e Cores.
BRAZIL. (2017). Ordinance No. 2,349, of September 14, 2017. Risk Classification of Biological Agents prepared in 2017, by the Health Biosafety Commission (CBS), of the Ministry of Health. Available at: http: // bvsms. saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/gm/2017/prt2349_22_09_2017.html.
BRAZIL. (2005). Law No. 11,124, of June 16, 2005. Provides for the National Housing System of Social Interest - SNHIS, creates the National Housing Fund of Social Interest - FNHIS and establishes the FNHIS Management Council. Official Gazette of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Executive Branch, Brasília, DF, June 17, Section 1, p. 1.
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION OF TECHNICAL STANDARDS. (2005). NBR 15220-3: Thermal performance of buildings - Part 3: Brazilian bioclimatic zoning and construction guidelines for single-family homes of social interest. Rio de Janeiro.
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION OF TECHNICAL STANDARDS. (2013). NBR 15575-1: Residential Buildings - Performance. General requirements. Rio de Janeiro.
BRAZILIAN ASSOCIATION OF TECHNICAL STANDARDS. (2013). NBR 15575-4: Residential buildings - Performance - Part 4: Requirements for internal and external vertical fencing systems - SVVIE. Rio de Janeiro.
D’alessandro, D., Gola, M., Appolloni, L., Dettori, M., Fara, G. M., Rebecchi, A., Settimo, G. & Capolongo, S. (2020). COVID-19 and Living Spaces challenge. Well-being and Public Health recommendations for a healthy, safe, and sustainable housing. Acta Biomed, v. 91, p. 61 – 75.
Ho, D. C. W., Leung, H. F., Wong, S. K., Cheung, A. K. C., Lau, S. S. Y., Wong, W. S., Lung, D. P. Y. & Chau, K. W. (2004). Assessing the health and hygiene performance of apartment buildings. Facilities, v. 22, p. 58 – 69.
Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S. & Steinmann, E. (2020). Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. The Journal of Hospital Infection, v. 104, p. 246-251.
Klepeis, N.E. Nelson, W. C., Ott, W. R., Robinson, J. P., Tsang, A. M., Switzer, P., Behar, J. V., Hern, S. C. & Engelmann, W. H. (2001). The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, v.11, p. 231–252.
Lai, K. Y., Webster, C., Kumari, S. & Sarkar, C. (2020). The nature of cities and the Covid-19 pandemic. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, v. 46, p. 27-31.
LAPETINA, C. M. L. (2007). Uma contribuição para a avaliação da qualidade no dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação. Master’s Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo.
Lima, A. C., Galvan, G. & Roesler, M. R. V. B. (2019). O direito humano à moradia digna e à inclusão social no centro da agenda urbana e da política habitacional. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Assistentes Sociais, v. 16, n. 1.
Megahed, N.A. & Ghoneim, E.M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, v. 61.
Montes, M.A.T. (2018). Mudança de paradigmas nos projetos de habitação de interesse social: arquitetura resiliente e avaliação no ciclo de vida. Revista Ímpeto, n.8, p. 53 - 59.
Portuguesa, N. NP 1037-1. (2002). Ventilation and Evacuation of Combustion Products from Locations with Gas Appliances, Part 1: Residential Buildings. Natural ventilation. Portugal.
RSECE. (2006). Regulation of Energy Conditioning Systems in Buildings (RSECE). Diário da República - I Series-A, Decree-Law No. 79/2006, April 4.
Sobreira, C. D. D. B. (2015). Avaliação do desempenho da ventilação natural em lares de idosos. Master’s Dissertation, Universidade Nova de Lisboa.
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. Indoor air in homes and coronavirus (COVID-19). Available at: https://www.epa.gov/coronavirus/indoor-air-homes-and-coronavirus-covid-19.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (1995). Constitution of the World Health Organization.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Kátia Jocasta Ortiz Grings; Valéria Costa de Oliveira; Francisco Roger Carneiro Ribeiro; Jayson Pereira Godinho
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
