Methodological analysis for assessing the relation of the energy cost with losses of water – a case study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20265Keywords:
Energy efficiency; Losses; Water supply system.Abstract
The rational use of energy is being increasingly encouraged. In some countries, there are even subsidies for industries to adopt energy efficiency measures. One of the sectors with great opportunities for efficiency is sanitation, where a large part of energy consumption refers to pumping stations. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the consumption of electrical energy and possible reduction of electrical energy consumption in a sector of study of the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (SAAE) of the municipality in the south of Minas Gerais. To determine the measures to be taken to reduce energy costs, it is necessary to perform a system diagnosis. For this, field trials were carried out. The study sector had an average expense of R$ 42,097.44/year due to water losses in the system. When considering only electricity costs, they represent 34.20% of the costs in relation to water losses (R$ 14,395.90/year). The system presented 27.73% of total water losses, an energy consumption of 0.6627 kWh/m³ only for the R3 pumping station and 1.302 kWh/m³ when also considering the Water Collection and Treatment Plant (WTP).
References
Alegre, H. et al. (2017). Performance indicators for water supply services. London: IWA Publishing.
Andrade, M. R. (2016). Balanço hidroenergético de sistema de distribuição de água aplicado a um setor do município de Cambuí - MG. Master’s Thesis. Retrieved Sep 28, 2018, from https://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/494
Araujo, A. S. R. et al. (2006). Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activities and concentration and glutathione metabolism in experimental hyperthyroidism. Water Resources Management, 249(1–2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-4635-3
Burd, R. et al. (2011). Battle of the Water Calibration Networks (BWCN). Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2010, October, 1524–1531. https://doi.org/10.1061/41203(425)136
Cabrera, E. et al. (2010). Energy Audit of Water Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136(6), 669–677. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000077
Chang, Y. et al. (2018). Energy Cost Optimization for Water Distribution Networks Using Demand Pattern and Storage Facilities. Sustainability, 10(4), 1118. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041118
Colombo, A. F., & Karney, B. W. (2002). Energy and Costs of Leaky Pipes: Toward Comprehensive Picture. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 128(6), 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:6(441)
Ghorbanian, V. et al. (2017). Intrinsic relationship between energy consumption, pressure, and leakage in water distribution systems. Urban Water Journal, 14(5), 515–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2016.1223325
Gomes, R. et al. (2011). Estimation of the benefits yielded by pressure management in water distribution systems. Urban Water Journal, 8(2), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2010.542820
IBGE. (2018). Estimativa Populacional 2017. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved Sep 27 from https://www.ibge.gov.br/
Lambert, A., & Hirner, W. (2000). Losses from Water Supply Systems: Standard Terminology and Recommended Performance Measures. IWA the Blue Pages, October(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543036004424
Lucas Ribeiro Fortes. (2016). Análise de perdas de água e relações energéticas em sistema de distribuição de água utilizando metodologia de balanço. Master's Thesis. Retrieved Sep 22 from https://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/609.
Monachesi, M. G., & Monteiro, M.A.G. (2005). Manual Prático - Eficiência Energética em Sistemas de Bombeamento. Eletrobrás.
Nicolini, M. et al. (2011). Calibration and Optimal Leakage Management for a Real Water Distribution Network. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 137(1), 134–142. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000087
SNIS. (2015). Diagnóstico dos Serviços de Água e Esgotos 2014. Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento. Retrieved Sep 21 from http://www.snis.gov.br/diagnostico-anual-agua-e-esgotos/diagnostico-ae-2014.
Souza, A. C. D. E. (2016). Influência de Manobras de Válvulas na Identificação de Vazamentos em Redes de Distribuição de Água Utilizando Dados Transientes e Algoritmo Genético. Master's Thesis. Retrieved Sep 21 from http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15968.
Tsutiya, M. T. (2001). Redução do Custo de Energia Elétrica em Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água. Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental.
Tsutiya, M. T. (2006). Redução do Custo de Energia Elétrica em Sistemas de Abastecimento de Água (1st ed.). Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - ABES.
Ulanicki, B., Bounds, P. L. M., Rance, J. P., & Reynolds, L. (2000). Open and closed loop pressure control for leakage reduction. Urban Water, 2(2), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00048-0
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Matheus Gonçalves Silqueira; Fernando das Graças Braga da Silva; Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima Silva; Claudio Abiar Lourenço
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
