Investigation of alterations in temporal perception due to the presence of high levels of smartphone dependence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20870Keywords:
Temporal perception; Smartphone dependency; Technology.Abstract
Objective: We aim to investigate the correlation between the construction of perception of time and smartphone dependence in university students in Campina Grande - PB. Methodology: This was a quantitative and experimental cognitive psychology study. Using Google Forms platform, we applied: I-) Socioeconomic Questionnaire; II-) Smartphone Dependence Scale (SDS); III-) Standardized stimulus presentation (466 seconds) and IV-) Questionnaire on stimulus perception. Variables were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) – version 20.0. Results: 155 students were included, 115 female (74.2%) and 40 male (25.8%), average of 21.5 years old. Students were divided into two groups, according to SDS: 41 (26.45%) had no smartphone dependency and 33 (21.29%) were dependent. The perception of duration of the stimulus was 409 seconds among students without dependence, and 523 seconds among the others (27.8% higher - was 409s for the stimulus presented, while that of the group with a high level of dependence was 523s (27.8% higher, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Students who were dependent on smartphone had a greater perception of time duration compared to the group without dependence.
References
Allman, M. J., Yin, B., & Meck, W. H. (2014). Time in the psychopathological mind. In. Arstila, V. & Lloyd, D. (Eds.), Subjective time: The philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience of temporality, 637–654. Boston Review.
Almiro, P. A. (2017). Uma nota sobre a desejabilidade social e o enviesamento de respostas. Avaliação Psicológica, 16(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.15689/ap.2017.1603.ed.
Barrientos, L. A., Restrepo, C. A., & Arbeláez, A. C. M. (2016). La Percepción del Tiempo Psicológico y su relación con medidas atencionales. Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia, 8(1), 65-82.
Bhattacharya, S., Bashar, M. A., Srivastava, A., & Singh, A. (2019). Nomophobia: No mobile phone phobia. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 8(4), e1297.
Block, R. A., & Zakay, D. (1996). Models of psychological time revisited. Time and mind, 33(9), 171-195.
Cheng, R. K., Ali, Y. M., & Meck, W. H. (2007). Ketamine “unlocks” the reduced clock-speed effects of cocaine following extended training: evidence for dopamine–glutamate interactions in timing and time perception. Neurobiology of learning and memory, 88(2), 149-159.
Deng, T., Kanthawala, S., Meng, J., Peng, W., Kononova, A., Hao, Q.,Zhang, Q., & David, P. (2019). Measuring smartphone usage and task switching with log tracking and self-reports. Mobile Media & Communication, 7(1), 3-23.
Dias, F. M. A., Oliveira Lyrio, A. C., Fonseca Wagner, Y., & Rodrigues, D. F. (2019). As Implicações do Uso Excessivo de Smartphones e Tablets por Crianças e Jovens. Redin-Revista Educacional Interdisciplinar, 8(1).
Droit-Volet, S., Monceau, S., Berthon, M., Trahanias, P., & Maniadakis, M. (2018). The explicit judgment of long durations of several minutes in everyday life: Conscious retrospective memory judgment and the role of affects? PLoS One, 13(4): e0195397.
Estrela, C. (2018). Metodologia Científica: Ciência, Ensino, Pesquisa. Editora Artes Médicas. 5.2) Pereira A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free e-book]. Santa Maria/RS. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM.
Glicksohn, J. (2001). Temporal cognition and the phenomenology of time: A multiplicative function for apparent duration. Consciousness and Cognition, 10(1), 1-25.
Gouveia, V. V., Guerra, V. M., de Sousa, D. M. F., Santos, W. S., & de Mesquita Costa, J. (2009). Escala de Desejabilidade Social de Marlowe-Crowne: evidências de sua validade fatorial e consistência interna. Avaliação Psicológica, 8(1), 87-98.
Hornik, J. (1984). Subjective vs. objective time measures: A note on the perception of time in consumer behavior. Journal of consumer research, 11(1), 615-618.
Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., & Campbell, A. T. (2020). Mental health and behavior of college students during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic: Longitudinal smartphone and ecological momentary assessment study. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(6), e20185.
Kent, L., Van Doorn, G., & Klein, B. (2019). Time dilation and acceleration in depression. Acta psychologica, 194, 77-86.
Kononowicz, T. W., Van Rijn, H., & Meck, W. H. (2018). Timing and time perception: A critical review of neural timing signatures before, during, and after the to‐be‐timed interval. Stevens' handbook of experimental psychology and cognitive neuroscience, 1, 1-38.
Lang, A. (2000). The limited capacity model of mediated message processing. Journal of communication, 50(1), 46-70.
Lima, C. O., Sousa Cabral, L., Cruz, L. R., Freitas, T. C. B., & Baracat, P. J. F. (2021). Interferências posturais ocasionadas pela utilização de smartphones na fase infantojuvenil. Biológicas & Saúde, 11(36), 55-71.
Matthews, W. J., & Meck, W. H. (2016). Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory. Psychological bulletin, 142(8), e865.
Meck, W. H. (1996). Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception. Cognitive brain research, 3(3-4), 227-242.
Nather, T. C., Fernandes, P. A. M., & Bueno, J. L. O. (2014). Subjective time perception is affected by different durations of exposure to abstract paintings that represent human movement. Psychology & Neuroscience, 7(3), 381-392.
Oliveira, A. F. P. (2012). Neurobiologia dos comportamentos aditivos, Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade do Porto. Portugal - Porto.
Picon, F., Karam, R., Breda, V., Restano, A., Silveira, A., & Spritzer, D. (2015). Precisamos falar sobre tecnologia: caracterizando clinicamente os subtipos de dependência de tecnologia. Revista brasileira de psicoterapia, 17(2), 44-60.
Radua, J., Del Pozo, N. O., Gómez, J., Guillen-Grima, F., & Ortuño, F. (2014). Meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies indicates that an increase of cognitive difficulty during executive tasks engages brain regions associated with time perception. Neuropsychologia, 58, 14-22.
Rammsayer, T. H., Borter, N., & Troche, S. J. (2015). Visual-auditory differences in duration discrimination of intervals in the subsecond and second range. Frontiers in psychology, 6, e1626.
Ramos, D., & Bueno, J. L. O. (2012). Emoções de uma escuta musical afetam a percepção subjetiva de tempo. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 25, 286-292.
Sales, H. F. S., Silva, F. M. S. M., Lopes, B. J., & Silva, C. F. L. S. (2018). Adaptação da escala de uso compulsivo de Internet para avaliar dependência de smartphone. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 36(1), 155-166.
Santos, L. R. (2018). A influência da utilização de mídias interativas (tablet e smartphone) no desenvolvimento cognitivo e de linguagem em crianças de 24 a 42 meses. Mestrado em Ciências Fonoaudiológicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Brasil - Belo Horizonte.
Sinnett, S., Jäger, J., Singer, S. M., & Antonini Philippe, R. (2020). Flow states and associated changes in spatial and temporal processing. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 381.
Tejedor, S., Cervi, L., Pérez-Escoda, A., & Tusa, F. (2020). Smartphone usage among students during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, Italy and Ecuador. In. Eighth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, 571-576.
Tonelli, H. (s.d) Introdução à psicopatologia e à neurobiologia das adições e dependências químicas e comportamentais. ACADEMIA.edu. Disponível em <<(PDF) Introdução à Psicopatologia e à Neurobiologia das Adições e Dependências Químicas e Comportamentais | Hélio Tonelli - Academia.edu>>
Wilmer, H. H., Sherman, L. E., & Chein, J. M. (2017). Smartphones and cognition: A review of research exploring the links between mobile technology habits and cognitive functioning. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 605.
Worms, F. (2004). A concepção bergsoniana do tempo. Dois Pontos, 1(1).
Zakay, D. (1990). The evasive art of subjective time measurement: Some methodological dilemmas. In. Block, R. A. Cognitive models of psychological time, 59–84. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Luís Augusto Soares Castellon; Jonathan Bento Cavalcanti; Renato Américo Dantas Camilo de Souza; Fábio Galvão Dantas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
