Syphilis oral manifestations: a literature review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20943

Keywords:

Syphilis; Primary Syphilis; Secondary syphilis; Tertiary Syphilis; Congenital syphilis.

Abstract

Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema Pallidum, usually by vertical transmission, known as congenital syphilis, or even sexual, called acquired syphilis. In addition, contamination can occur indirectly, through the use of contaminated objects, such as tattoo needles or blood transfusions. It is considered a public health problem due to its high degree of incidence, mostly in low-income countries. The record of cases of the disease has increased in the last twenty years. Given the above, this article aims to review the literature on the oral manifestations of syphilis. SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), US National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and ScienceDirect, with assistance from Mendeley. The articles were collected from May to August 2021 and covered between 2015 and 2021. From the review of the literature narrative, it was observed that oral manifestations resulting from syphilis can occur in different ways, depending on the its stage of infection and disease evolution. The role of the dental surgeon becomes important for the diagnosis of infected patients, for the successful treatment of oral lesions, improving their prognosis and quality of life.

References

Adawaye, C., Souleymane, A. O., Fouda, A. A., Djarma, O., Cournil, A., Tuaillon, E., & Mennechet, F. J. D. (2021). Syphilis diagnosis and serological response to Benzathine Penicillin G among patients attending HIV clinics in N’Djaména, Chad. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 108, 461–464. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.051

Benhaddou-Mihoubi, N., Grange, P., & Dupin, N. (2021). La syphilis : Une infection toujours d’actualité. Revue Francophone Des Laboratoires, 2021(530), 38–47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1773-035X(21)00068-X

De Andrade, R. S., De Freitas, E. M., Rocha, B. A., Da Silva Gusmão, E., Filho, M. R. M., & Martelli, H. (2020). Oral Findings In Secondary Syphilis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 129(1), e44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.144

Farmkiss, L., Shadrick, V., & Bracey, T. (2021). Condylomata lata of the oral commissure: an unexpected presentation of secondary syphilis. Diagnostic Histopathology, 27(5), 226–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpdhp.2021.02.007

Fregnani, E. R., Pérez-de-Oliveira, M. E., Parahyba, C. J., & Perez, D. E. da C. (2017). Primary syphilis: An uncommon manifestation in the oral cavity. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 116(4), 326–327. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2016.07.004

Hertel, M., Matter, D., Schmidt-Westhausen, A. M., & Bornstein, M. M. (2014). Oral Syphilis: A Series of 5 Cases. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 72(2), 338–345. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2013.07.015

Ikuta, T., Abe, S., Suga, S., Nakasone, R., Ashina, M., Tanimura, K., Nozu, K., & Fujioka, K. (2021). Administration of intravenous benzylpenicillin in 13 infants born to mothers with syphilis infection: A case series. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 27(11), 1662–1664. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2021.06.022

Kellermann, M. G., Soutto-Mayor, F., Tesseroli, M. A. S., Menegassi, J., Neto, O. V. Z., & Guollo, A. (2020). Oral Primary Syphilis Mimicking A Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Case Report. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 129(1), e121–e122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.529

Lafetá, K. R. G., Martelli Júnior, H., Silveira, M. F., & Paranaíba, L. M. R. (2016). Sífilis materna e congênita, subnotificação e difícil controle. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 19(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201600010006

Matias, M. D. P., Jesus, A. O. de., Resende, R. G., Caldeira, P. C., & Aguiar, M. C. F. de. (2020). Diagnosing acquired syphilis through oral lesions: the 12 year experience of an Oral Medicine Center. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 86(3), 358–363. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2018.12.010

Medoro, A. K., & Sánchez, P. J. (2021). Syphilis in Neonates and Infants. Clinics in Perinatology, 48(2), 293–309. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2021.03.005

Moccelin, M. M., Mazur, C. E., Ferreira, E. R., Veronezi, A. N. A. F. G., Torres-Pereira, C. C., Schussel, J. L., & Amenábar, J. M. (2020). Oral Manifestations Of Secondary Syphilis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 129(1), e37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.108

Peng, X., Yu, S., Wu, F., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, G., Lai, C., Wei, Z., & Zhang, W. (2021). Syphilis infection and epidemiological characteristics in Haidian District, Beijing, China, 2013–2018. Public Health, 190, 62–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.009

Pereira, A., Shitsuka, D., Parreira, F., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Método Qualitativo, Quantitativo ou Quali-Quanti. In Metodologia da Pesquisa Científica. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_Computacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1. Acesso em: 28 março 2020.

Santos, E. S., Sá, J. de O., & Lamarck, R. (2019). Manifestações orais da sífilis: revisão sistematizada de literatura. Archives of Health Investigation, 8(8), 413–416. https://doi.org/10.21270/archi.v8i8.3330

Schuch, L. F., da Silva, K. D., de Arruda, J. A. A., Etges, A., Gomes, A. P. N., Mesquita, R. A., Vasconcelos, A. C. U., & Tarquinio, S. B. C. (2019). Forty cases of acquired oral syphilis and a review of the literature. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 48(5), 635–643. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.023

Seibt, C. E., & Munerato, M. C. (2016). Secondary syphilis in the oral cavity and the role of the dental surgeon in STD prevention, diagnosis and treatment: a case series study. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20(4), 393–398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2016.03.008

Silva, E., De Andrade Munhoz, E., De Camargo, A. R., Lisboa, M. L. U. Z., I-Ching, L. E. E., Somacal, L. F., & Grando, L. J. (2020). Oral Manifestation Of Syphilis: An Unusual Presentation Of Tertiary Syphilis. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, 129(1), e120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.519

Towns, J. M., Leslie, D. E., Denham, I., Wigan, R., Azzato, F., Williamson, D. A., Lee, D., Chow, E. P. F., Fairley, C. K., Graves, S. R., Zhang, L., & Chen, M. Y. (2021). Treponema pallidum detection in lesion and non-lesion sites in men who have sex with men with early syphilis: a prospective, cross-sectional study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(9), 1324–1331. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30838-0

Zhang, W., Mao, Q., Lyu, X., Hua, H., & Yan, Z. (2020). Diagnosis of oral syphilis remains a challenge – A case report. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 99, 231–232. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.049

Downloads

Published

02/10/2021

How to Cite

BINDA , A. L. C. .; SÁ , A. C. S. F. de .; FRANCO, A. G. .; BORBA, T. O. da S.; SOUZA, H. Y. M. S. de .; SILVA, J. W. L. da .; SAVI, F. da R. .; MELO , H. C. .; OLIVEIRA FILHO, G. J. de .; FERREIRA, M. B. M. .; ARAÚJO, E. L. da S. F. de .; RAMALHO, M. A. .; SANTOS, M. N. dos; SILVA, J. V. L. .; GIRARD, B. P.; REIS, J. L. . Syphilis oral manifestations: a literature review. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 12, p. e585101220943, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20943. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/20943. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 12

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Ana Luiza Castro Binda ; Anne Caroline Silva Freire de Sá ; Amanda Gonçalves Franco; Thalita Oliveira da Silva Borba; Hana Yasmim Marques Silva de Souza; João Wictor Leandro da Silva; Fernanda da Rosa Savi; Harysson Costa Melo ; George Jose de Oliveira Filho; Mateus Biola Melo Ferreira; Edyssa Laryssa da Silva Ferreira de Araújo; Matheus Almeida Ramalho; Marcela Nogueira dos Santos; José Victor Lima Silva; Bruna Peixoto Girard; Jaqueline Lopes Reis

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.