Ecotoxicological tests of diesel contaminated soil subjected to degradation by Eisenia fétida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i2.2122Keywords:
Behavior test; Lethality; Bioremediation.Abstract
Problems related to contaminated areas are growing increasingly, such as inadequate disposal of oil residues and leakage of fuel storage tanks, and often these areas are close to ecosystems, causing negative impacts on the environment. The objective of this work was to carry out preliminary tests according to the ISO draft, which is based on the behavioral test to test the soil quality and toxicity of Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (APHs) with the species Eisenia fétida. These assays are used to evaluate the efficiency of a bioremediation process and / or to assess contamination of areas. The efficiency of a bioremediation process and / or the assessment of contamination of areas has been performed only with the aid of chemical parameters, without the insertion of ecotoxicological evaluation. Thus the ecotoxicological test can be applied as a rapid method to determine the bioavailability of soil contaminants for Eisenia fétida, where leakage behavior is used as an indicator. Soil samples doped with different concentrations of diesel oil were analyzed by the behavior test. The toxicity of diesel by the species was later confirmed by the lethality tests. The results showed that contents higher than 0.01% are lethal for Eisenia fétida earthworm. For contents higher than 0.05%, the species escaped from the section containing the contaminated soil to the control soil, indicating that the soil may be considered toxic above this value. It is also noted that the addition of organic matter increased the resistance of the earthworm to the amount of diesel.
References
Andrea, M. M. (2010). O uso de minhocas como bioindicadores de contaminação de solos. Acta Zoológica Mexicana, 26(2): 95-107.
Anyakora, C., Ogbeche, A., Palmer, P., Coker, H. (2005). Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in marine samples of Siokolo Fishing Settlement. Journal of Chromatography A, 1073(1):323–330.
Aquino, M. A.; Nogueira, E. M. (2001). Fatores limitantes da vermicompostagem de esterco suíno e de aves e influência da densidade populacional das minhocas na sua reprodução. Seropédica: Embrapa Agrobiologia. 10p.
Bundy, J.G., Lenz, E.M., Osborn, D., Weeks J.M., Lindon, J. C., Nicholson, J. K. (2002). Metabolism of 4-fluoroaniline and 4-fluorobiphenyl in the earthworm Eisenia veneta characterized by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy with directly coupled HPLC-NMR and HPLC-MS. Xenobiotica, 32(6):479-490.
Contreras-Ramos, S.M., A´ lvarez-Bernal, D., Dendooven, L. (2006). Eisenia fétida increased removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil. Environmental Pollution, 141(1):396–401.
Contreras-Ramos, S.M., A´ lvarez-Bernal, D., Dendooven, L. (2008). Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil amended with biosolid or vermicompost in the presence of earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 40(1):1954–1959.
Cotta, J. A. O., Landgraf, M. D., Rezende, M. O. O. (2009). Avaliação de solventes de extração por ultrassom usando-se cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para a determinação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em solos contaminados. Química Nova, 32(1):2026–2033.
Dominguez, J., Velando, A., Ferreiro, A. (2005). Are Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) and Eisenia andrei Bouché(1972) (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) different biological species? Pedobiologia, 49(1):81-87.
Dores-Silva, P.R., Cotta, J.A.O., Landgraf, M.D., Rezende, M.O.O. (2019).The application of the vermicomposting process in the bioremediation of diesel contaminated soils. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 54(7):598-604.
Gong, P., Perkins, E. J. (2016). Earthworm toxicogenomics: A renewed genome-wide quest for novel biomarkers and mechanistic insights. Applied Soil Ecology, 104(1):12-24.
Gorshkov, G., Marinaite, I. I., Baram, G. I., Sokov, I. A. (2003). Application of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography on Short Narrow-bore Columns to the Determination of Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental samples. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 58(8):768–774.
Gupta, S. K., Tewari, A., Srivastava, R., Murthy, R. C., Chandra, S. (2005). Potential of Eisenia fetida for sustainable and efficient vermicomposting of fly ash. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 163(1): 293-302.
Hund-Rinke, K. & Wiechering, H. (2001). Earthworm avoidance test for soil assessments: an alternative for acute and reproduction tests. Journal Soils & Sediments, 1(1):15-20.
International Organization for Standardization, (2007). ISo17512-1: Soil quality: Avoidance test for testing the quality of soils and effectsof chemical on behavior. Part 1: test with earthworms (Eisenia fetidaand Eisenia Andrei). Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
Khalil, A. M. (2016). Physiological and genotoxic responses of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa exposed to sublethal concentrations of AgNPs. The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 74(3): 8-15.
Koh, C. H., Khim, J.S., Kannan, K., Villeneuve, D.L., Senthilkumar, K., Giesy, J.P. (2004). Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQs) in sediment from the Hyeongsan River, Korea. Environmental Pollution, 132:489–501.
Lukkari, T., Taavisainen, M., Vaisanen, A., Haimi, J. (2004). Effects of heavy metals on earthworms along contamination gradients in organic rich soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 59(1):340-348.
Miège, C., Dugay, J., Hennion, M. C. (1998). Optimization and validation and supercritical fluid extractions for the trace-determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludge’s by liquid chromatography coupled to diode-array and fluorescence detection. Journal of Chromatograph A, 823(1):219-230.
Morrison, D.E., Robertson, B.K., Alexander, M. (2000). Bioavailability to earthworms of aged DDT, DDE, DDD, and dieldrin in soil. Environmental Science Technology, 34(1):709-713.
Namkoong, W., Hwang, E. Y., Park, J.S., Choi, J.Y. (2002). Bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil with composting. Environmental Pollution, 119(1):23-31.
Pereira, E. W. L., Azevedo, C. M. S. B., Liberalino Filho, J., Nunes, G. H. S., Torquato, J. E., Simões, B. R.(2005). Produção de vermicomposto em diferentes proporções de esterco bovino e palha de carnaúba. Caatinga, 18(2):112-116.
Pereira Netto, A. D., Moreira, J. C., Dias, A. E. X. O., Arbilla G., Ferreira, L. F. V., Oliveira, A. S., Barek, J. (2000). Avaliação da contaminação humana por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) e seus derivados nitrados (NHPAs): uma revisão metodológica. Química Nova, 23(6), 765-773.
Pereira, M.G., Marco A. Z., Arruda, M. Z.A. (2003). Vermicompost as a natural adsorbent material: Characterization and potentialities for cadmium adsorption. Journal of the Brazilian Chemistry Society, 14(1):39-47.
Quantin, C., Joner, E.J., Portal, J.M., Berthelin, J. (2005). PAH dissipation in a contaminated river sediment under oxic and anoxic conditions. Environmental Pollution, 134(1):315–322.
Rhodes, S., Farwell, A., Hewitt, L. M., Mackinnon, M., Dixon, D. G. (2005). The effects of dimethylated and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the embryonic development of the Japanese medaka. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 60(1):247–258.
Rizzo, A. C. L., Sisinno, C. L. S., Cunha, C. D., Salgado, A. M., Barrocas, P. R. G., Taketani, R. G., Giese, E. C. (2014). Aplicação de ensaios biológicos na avaliação da biodisponibilidade de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo em solos impactado. Rio de Janeiro: CETEM/MCTI. 55p.
Rodrigues, Sara de Souza Bittencourt. (2008). Avaliação dos efeitos ecotoxicológicos do
herbicida Atrazina Nortox 50 SC sobre a espécie Eisenia foetida (Annelida: Oligochaeta).
Inconfidentes: Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Inconfidentes/MG.
Shahmansouri, M. R., Pourmoghadas, H., Parvaresh, A.R., Alidadi, H. (2005). Heavy metals bioaccumulation by iranian and australian earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in the sewage sludge vermicomposting. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, 2(1):28-32.
Sharma, S., Pradhan, K., Satya, S., Vasudevan, P. (2005). Potentiality of earthworms for waste management and in other uses – a review. The Journal of American Science, 1(1):4-16.
Sisinno, C.L. S., Bulus, M. R. M., Rizzo, A. C., Sáfadi, R., Moreira, J. C. (2006). Ensaio de Comportamento com Minhocas (Eisenia fetida) para Avaliação de Áreas Contaminadas: Resultados Preliminares para Contaminação por Hidrocarbonetos. Journal of the Brazilian
Society of Ecotoxicology, 1(2):137-140.
Tang, J., Liste, H.H., Alexander, M. (2002). Chemical assays of availability to earthworms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Chemosphere, 48(1):35-42.
Verweij, F., Booij, K., Satumalay, K., Van der Molen, N., Van Der Oost, R. (2004). Assessment of bioavailable PAH, PCB and OCP concentrations in water, using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), sediments and caged carp. Chemosphere, 54(1):1675–1689.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
