Extrato de plantas como estratégia para o manejo de patógenos fúngicos em sementes: uma revisão crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21846Palavras-chave:
Doenças de sementes; Extratos vegetais; Metabólitos secundários.Resumo
Sementes associadas a patógenos fúngicos são veículos muito eficientes para a disseminação de doenças no campo, tais patógenos afetam a qualidade e longevidade das sementes causando diminuição ou perda da germinação, apodrecimento, necrose, produção de micotoxinas, descoloração e aborto das sementes. Para controlá-los vários produtos químicos sintéticos são utilizados. No entanto, causam riscos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente. Sendo assim, é crescente a procura e utilização de outros métodos alternativos e que demonstram ser mais eficientes para o tratamento das sementes, um deles são os extratos vegetais. Dessa forma, esta revisão buscou avaliar o uso e eficiência de extratos vegetais no controle de patógenos fúngicos associados as sementes. Entre as formas de controle utilizadas no tratamento das sementes os extratos vegetais se destacam, pois devido a presença de metabólicos secundários presentes nas plantas limitam o crescimento de organismos patogênicos. Entre as pesquisas analisadas 100% afirmaram que os extratos de plantas foram eficientes no controle dos patógenos, 63% proporcionaram aumento na germinação das sementes, 21% relataram que não houve mudança na germinação, 5 % relataram interferência negativa e 11% não avaliaram. Entre os extratores utilizados, 72% utilizam o aquoso, 33% afirmam ser promissor para substituição dos fungicidas sintéticos e 67% não analisaram. Porém, para sua utilização deve-se utilizar métodos de extração eficientes, assim como, deve está ciente das sua baixa persistência e volatilização em campo. Logo, os extratos de plantas são eficientes no controle de patógenos fúngicos.
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