Public perception of autonomous vehicles: a brief review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i16.24236Keywords:
Autonomous vehicles; Public perception; Consumer acceptability.Abstract
There is huge speculation that autonomous vehicles (AVs) will improve urban traffic conditions by enhancing mobility, reducing emissions, and bringing safety. However, AV public acceptance represents a key factor to this technology's success. This paper aims to present a brief review of public perceptions of AVs and focuses on how factors such as demographics, safety, ethics, liability, and COVID-19 pandemic can impact this mobility device’s acceptance. Overall, it was found that young and more educated males are more likely to adopt AVs, whereas concerns about safety, ethics, and liability can impact negatively on people’s perception of them.
References
Abraham, H., Lee, C., Mehler, B., & Reimer, B. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles and Alternatives to Driving: Trust, Preferences, and Effects of Age. Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting, January, 1–16.
Awad, E., Bonnefon, J.-F., Shariff, A., & Rahwan, I. (2019). The Thorny Challenge of Making Moral Machines: Ethical Dilemmas with Self-Driving Cars. NIM Marketing Intelligence Review, 11(2), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.2478/nimmir-2019-0015
Awad, E., Dsouza, S., Kim, R., Schulz, J., Henrich, J., Shariff, A., & Rahwan, I. (2018). The moral machine experiment: 40 million decisions and the path to universal machine ethics. Nature, 563(8), 59–64.
Bansal, P., & Kockelman, K. M. (2018). Are we ready to embrace connected and self-driving vehicles? A case study of Texans. Transportation, 45(2), 641–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-016-9745-z
BBC (2020). Uber's self-driving operator charged over fatal crash. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54175359
Bonnefon, J. F., Shariff, A., & Rahwan, I. (2016). The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science, 352(6293), 1573–1576.
Boudette, N. (2016). Autopilot Cited in Death of Chinese Tesla Driver. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/15/business/fatal-tesla-crash-in-china-involved-autopilot-government-tv-says.html
Bucsuházy, K., Matuchová, E., Zůvala, R., Moravcová, P., Kostíková, M., & Mikulec, R. (2020). Human factors contributing to the road traffic accident occurrence. Transportation Research Procedia, 45, 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.057
Burke, K. (2019). How Does a Self-Driving Car See? https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2019/04/15/how-does-a-self-driving-car-see/
Casley, S. V., Jardim, A., & Quartulli, A. M. (2013). A Study of Public Acceptance of Autonomous Cars. https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-043013-155601/unrestricted/A_Study_of_Public_Acceptance_of_Autonomous_Cars.pdf
Davidson, P., & Spinoulas, A. (2015). Autonomous Vehicles - What Could This Mean for the Future of Transport? AITPM National Conference.
Daily, M., Medasani, S., Behringer, R., & Trivedi, M. (2017). Self-Driving Cars. IEEE Computer Society, 18–23.
Du, H., Zhu, G., & Zheng, J. (2021). Why travelers trust and accept self-driving cars: An empirical study. Travel Behaviour and Society, 22(June 2020), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.06.012
Goh, B. (2016). Chinese man blames Tesla autopilot function for son's crash. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-crash-idUSKCN11K232
Gibbs, S. (2016). Google's self-driving car in broadside collision after other car jumps red light. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/sep/26/google-self-driving-car-in-broadside-collision-after-other-car-jumps-red-light-lexus-suv
Gil, A. C. (2002). Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. Atlas.
Gross, J. (2021). Texas Police Investigate Fatal Tesla Crash Near Houston. https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/18/22390612/two-people-killed-fiery-tesla-crash-no-driver
Hawkins, A. (2018). Waymo self-driving minivan involved in crash in Arizona https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/4/17320936/waymo-self-driving-car-crash-arizona
Howard, D., & Dai, D. (2014). Public Perceptions of Self-driving Cars: The Case of Berkeley, California. 93rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, 2014(1), 21.
Hulse, L. M., Xie, H., & Galea, E. R. (2018). Perceptions of autonomous vehicles: Relationships with road users, risk, gender and age. Safety Science, 102(August 2017), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.10.001
IEEE (2012). Look Ma, No Hands! http://www.ieee.org/about/news/2012/5september_2_2012.html
IEEE (2020). IEEE Code of Ethics. https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/corporate/ieee-code-of-ethics.pdf
Kassens-Noor, E., Wilson, M., Cai, M., Durst, N., & Decaminada, T. (2021). Autonomous vs. Self-Driving Vehicles: The Power of Language to Shape Public Perceptions. Journal of Urban Technology, 28(3–4), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2020.1847983
Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R., & De Winter, J. C. F. (2015). Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 32, 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2015.04.014
Lee, D. (2016). US opens investigation into Tesla after fatal crash. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-36680043
Lee, C., Ward, C., Raue, M., D’Ambrosio, L., & Coughlin, J. F. (2017). Age differences in acceptance of self-driving cars: A survey of perceptions and attitudes. International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58530-7_1
Liu, P., Yang, R., & Xu, Z. (2019). How Safe Is Safe Enough for Self-Driving Vehicles? Risk Analysis, 39(2), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13116
Lyons, K. (2021). Two people killed in fiery Tesla crash with no one driving. https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/18/22390612/two-people-killed-fiery-tesla-crash-no-driver
Metz, C. (2018). How Driverless Cars See the World Around Them. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/19/technology/how-driverless-cars-work.html
McCausland, P. (2019). Self-driving Uber car that hit and killed woman did not recognize that pedestrians jaywalk. https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/self-driving-uber-car-hit-killed-woman-did-not-recognize-n1079281
Motional (2020). Mobility Report. https://motional.com/mobility-report
NHTSA (2015). Critical Reasons for Crashes Investigated in the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/Publication/812115#:~:text=In%20about%2011%20percent%20
NHTSA (2016). Federal automated vehicles policy: Accelerating the next revolution in roadway safety. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/AV%20policy%20guidance%20PDF.pdf
Othman, K. (2021). Public acceptance and perception of autonomous vehicles: a comprehensive review. AI and Ethics, 1(3), 355–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00041-8
Payre, W., Cestac, J., & Delhomme, P. (2014). Intention to use a fully automated car: Attitudes and a priori acceptability. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 27(PB), 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2014.04.009
Piao, J., McDonald, M., Hounsell, N., Graindorge, M., Graindorge, T., & Malhene, N. (2016). Public Views towards Implementation of Automated Vehicles in Urban Areas. Transportation Research Procedia, 14(0), 2168–2177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.232
Rahman, M. M., Deb, S., Strawderman, L., Burch, R., & Smith, B. (2019). How the older population perceives self-driving vehicles. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 65, 242–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.002
Raphael, S. L., Foster Page, L. A., Hopcraft, M. S., Dennison, P. J., Widmer, R. P., & Evans, R. W. (2018). A survey of cariology teaching in Australia and New Zealand. BMC Medical Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1176-4
Richardson, E., & Davies, P. (2016). The Changing Public’s Perception of Self-Driving Cars. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34641.02402
SAE (2018), SAE International Releases Updated Visual Chart for Its ‘Levels of Driving Automation’ Standard for Self-Driving Vehicles. https://www.sae.org/news/press-room/2018/12/sae-international-releases-updated-visual-chart-for-its-%E2%80%9Clevels-of-driving-automation%E2%80%9D-standard-for-self-driving-vehicles
Schoettle, B., & Sivak, M. (2014a). A survey of public opinion about autonomous and self-driving vehicles in the US, UK and Australia. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/108384
Schoettle, B., & Sivak, M. (2014b). Public Opinion about Self-Driving Vehicles in China, India, Japan, the U.S., the U.K., and Australia. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/109433
Shariff, A., Bonnefon, J. F., & Rahwan, I. (2017). Psychological roadblocks to the adoption of self-driving vehicles. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(10), 694–696. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0202-6
Stewart, J. (2018). Tesla's Autopilot Was Involved in Another Deadly Car Crash. https://www.wired.com/story/tesla-autopilot-self-driving-crash-california/
Tesla (2016). A tragic loss. https://www.tesla.com/nl_NL/blog/tragic-loss
Thomson, J. J. (1976). Killing, Letting Die, and the Trolley Problem. Monist, 59(2), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.5840/monist197659224
VIA (2019). Why Sensor Fusion is the Key to Self-Driving Cars. https://www.viatech.com/en/2019/10/why-sensor-fusion-is-the-key-to-self-driving-cars/
Wakabayashi, D. (2018) Self-Driving Uber Car Kills Pedestrian in Arizona, Where Robots Roam. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/19/technology/uber-driverless-fatality.html
Wiseman, Y. (2021). Intelligent Transportation Systems along with the COVID-19 Pandemic will Significantly Change the Transportation Market. The Open Transportation Journal, 15, 11–15. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874447802115010011
Wei, X. (2018). Tesla Admits Autopilot Feature Led to Fatal China Crash in 2016. https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/tesla-admits-autopilot-feature-led-to-fatal-china-crash-in-2016
Weise, E. (2018). Video shows Google self-driving van accident in Arizona. https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/05/04/google-self-driving-van-involved-crash-arizona-driver-injured/582446002/
WHO (2020) Road traffic injuries. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries
Yadron, D. & Tynan, D. (2016). Tesla driver dies in first fatal crash while using autopilot mode. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jun/30/tesla-autopilot-death-self-driving-car-elon-musk
Ziegler, C. (2016). A Google self-driving car caused a crash for the first time. https://www.theverge.com/2016/2/29/11134344/google-self-driving-car-crash-report
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Luisa Muglia Souza; José Alberto Barroso Castañon
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
