The impact of COVID-19 isolation on general and emotional health self-perception of Brazilians
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24818Keywords:
COVID-19; Social isolation; Public health; Physical distancing.Abstract
In order to prevent COVID 19 spread it was proposed social isolation. However, strong social straining and social distance have raised negative impacts on the population, mainly about emotional and general health aspects. Objective: To analyze the impact of COVID-19 isolation on general and emotional health self-perception of Brazilians. Methodology: 660 participants took part of an online survey and the collection was carried out from August to September 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The online survey was designed with 26 closed multiple-choice questions (identification data, general health and emotional aspects) by the researchers Results: The average age was 36 years, 80% were female and residents of all Brazilian states. 36.2% worked in a home office and 17.4% lost their jobs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only 50.7% carried out social isolation. Among the emotional aspects, anxiety (p=0.083) and stress (p=0.014) were the most highlighted, therefore there were a significant change in diet (p=0.017) and the presence of tinnitus (p=0.070). The positive COVID-19 test (n=73) were significant for stress (p=0.017), presence of tinnitus (p=0.038) and dizziness (p=0.000). Conclusion: It was concluded that social isolation was a risk factor for increased stress, change in eating habits and the onset of tinnitus, in addition a greater tendency for anxiety; and COVID-19 infection was a risk factor for stress and for the onset of dizziness and tinnitus among the participants.
References
Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M., Müller, P., Müller, N., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., Paineiras-Domingos, L. L., Braakman-Jansen, A., Wrede, C., Bastoni, S., Pernambuco, C. S., … Hoekelmann, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey. Nutrients, 12(6), 1–13.
Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Trabelsi, K., Masmoudi, L., Brach, M., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M., Mueller, P., Mueller, N., Hsouna, H., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., Paineiras-Domingos, L. L., Braakman-Jansen, A., Wrede, C., Bastoni, S., … Hoekelmann, A. (2020). Covid-19 home confinement negatively impacts social participation and life satisfaction: A worldwide multicenter study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(17), 1–17.
Ammar, A., Mueller, P., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Brach, M., Schmicker, M., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., Paineiras-Domingos, L. L., Braakman-Jansen, A., Wrede, C., Bastoni, S., Pernambuco, C. S., … Hoekelmann, A. (2020). Psychological consequences of COVID-19 home confinement: The ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study. PloS One, 15(11), 1–12.
Baig, A. M., Khaleeq, A., Ali, U., & Syeda, H. (2020, April 1). Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci , 11(7), 8.
Beukes, E., Baguley, D., Jacquemin, L., Lourenco, M., Allen, P., Onozuka, J., Stockdale, D., Kaldo, V., Andersson, G., & Manchaiah, V. (2020). Changes in Tinnitus Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health, 8(5), 1-13.
Boecking, B., Biehl, R., Brueggemann, P., & Mazurek, B. (2021). Health-Related Quality of Life, Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Somatization Symptoms in Male and Female Patients with Chronic Tinnitus. J Clin Med ., 10(13), 2798.
Brasil. (2020). No Lei No 13.979, de 6 de fevereiro de 2020. Dispõe sobre as medidas para enfrentamento da emergência de saúde pública de importância internacional decorrente do coronavírus responsável pelo surto de 2019. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2020/lei/L13979.htm
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet , 395(10227), 912–920.
Chen, Q., Zheng, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Wu, H., Wang, J., Wang, S., & Zheng, C. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China. Infection, 48(4), 51.
Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Ma, K., Xu, D., Yu, H., Wang, H., Wang, T., Guo, W., Chen, J., Ding, C., Zhang, X., Huang, J., Han, M., Li, S., Luo, X., … Ning, Q. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective study. BMJ, 368, 1-28
Di Carlo, F., Sociali, A., Picutti, E., Pettorruso, M., Vellante, F., Verrastro, V., Martinotti, G., & di Giannantonio, M. (2021). Telepsychiatry and other cutting-edge technologies in COVID-19 pandemic: Bridging the distance in mental health assistance. Int J Clin Pract ., 75(1),e13716
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2009). Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. John Wiley and Sons.
Ding, K., Yang, J., Chin, M., Sullivan, L., Durstine, J., Violant-Holz, V., Demirhan, G., Oliveira, N., Popeska, B., Kuan, G., Khan, W., Dai, J., Xu, X., Mladenova, Z., Balasekaran, G., & Smith, G. (2021). Physical Activity among Adults Residing in 11 Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7056.
Dubey, S., Biswas, P., Ghosh, R., Chatterjee, S., Dubey, M. J., Chatterjee, S., Lahiri, D., & Lavie, C. J. (2020). Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 14(5), 779–788.
Dwyer, M., Pasini, M., De Dominicis, S., & Righi, E. (2020). Physical activity: Benefits and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sccand J Med Sci Sports ., 30(7), 1291-1294
Freni, F., Meduri, A., Gazia, F., Nicastro, V., Galletti, C., Aragona, P., Galletti, C., Galletti, B., & Galletti, F. (2020). Symptomatology in head and neck district in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A possible neuroinvasive action of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Otolaryngol ., 41(5), 1–8.
Gottlieb, M., & Dyer, S. (2020). Information and Disinformation: Social Media in the COVID-19 Crisis. Acad Emerg Med ., 27(7), 640-641.
Guimarães, V. H. A., de Oliveira-Leandro, M., Cassiano, C., Marques, A. L. P., Motta, C., Freitas-Silva, A. L., de Sousa, M. A. D., Silveira, L. A. M., Pardi, T. C., Gazotto, F. C., Silva, M. V., Rodrigues, V., Rodrigues, W. F., & Oliveira, C. J. F. (2021). Knowledge about COVID-19 in Brazil: Cross-sectional web-based study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. , 7(1), e24756.
IBGE. (2018a). Cai para 33,8 milhões número de pessoas rigorosamente isoladas na pandemia. Censo Agro 2017. https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/29126-cai-para-33-8-milhoes-numero-de-pessoas-rigorosamente-isoladas-na-pandemia?utm_source=covid19&utm_medium=hotsite&utm_campaign=covid_19
IBGE. (2018b). PNAD Contínua TIC 2017: Internet chega a três em cada quatro domicílios do país. Agência IBGE. https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/23445-pnad-continua-tic-2017-internet-chega-a-tres-em-cada-quatro-domicilios-do-pais
Karadaş, Ö., Öztürk, B., & Sonkaya, A. R. (2020). A prospective clinical study of detailed neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. Neurol Sci , 41(8), 1991-1995.
Karimi-Galougahi, M., Naeini, A. S., Raad, N., Mikaniki, N., & Ghorbani, J. (2020). Vertigo and hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic - is there an association?La vertigine ed l’ipoacusia durante la pandemia COVID-19 - esiste un nesso? Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital, 1–3.
Khan, M., Adil, S. F., Alkhathlan, H. Z., Tahir, M. N., Saif, S., Khan, M., & Khan, S. T. (2020). COVID-19: A Global Challenge with Old History, Epidemiology and Progress So Far. Molecules , 26(1), 39.
Khan, S., Siddique, R., Li, H., Ali, A., Shereen, M. A., Bashir, N., & Xue, M. (2020). Impact of coronavirus outbreak on psychological health. J Glob Health, 10(1), 010331.
Lau, H., Khosrawipour, V., Kocbach, P., Mikolajczyk, A., Schubert, J., Bania, J., & Khosrawipour, T. (2020). The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China. J TravelMed, 27(3), taaa037.
Lesser, I., & Nienhuis, C. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(11), 1–22.
Li, L., Huang, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Liang, Y., Huang, T., Zhang, H., Sun, W., & Y, W. (2020). COVID-19 patients’ clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol ., 92(6), 83.
Lo, I. L., Lio, C. F., Cheong, H. H., Lei, C. I., Cheong, T. H., Zhong, X., Tian, Y., & Sin, N. N. (2020). Evaluation of sars-cov-2 rna shedding in clinical specimens and clinical characteristics of 10 patients with COVID-19 in Macau. Int J Biol Sci . , 16(10), 707.
Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Chen, S., He, Q., Chang, J., Hong, C., Zhou, Y., Wang, D., Miao, X., Li, Y., & Hu, B. (2020). Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol , 77(6), 90.
Matsungo, T. M., & Chopera, P. (2020). Effect of the COVID-19-induced lockdown on nutrition, health and lifestyle patterns among adults in Zimbabwe. BMJ Nutr Prev Health, 3(2), 12.
Mi, B., Chen, L., Xiong, Y., Xue, H., Zhou, W., & Liu, G. (2020). Characteristics and early prognosis of covid-19 infection in fracture patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am ., 102(9), 8.
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg . , 78, 93.
Passos, L., Prazeres, F., Teixeira, A., & Martins, C. (2020). Impact on mental health due to covid-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study in portugal and brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(18), 1–13.
Pattyn, T., Van Den Eede, F., Vanneste, S., Cassiers, L., Veltman, D. J., Van De Heyning, P., & Sabbe, B. C. G. (2016). Tinnitus and anxiety disorders: A review. Hear Res, 333, 255–265.
Pfefferbaum, B., & North, C. S. (2020). Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. N Engl J Med ., 383(6), 2.
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. Gen Psychiatr, 33(2),e100213
Sahin, E., Orhan, C., Uckun, F. M., & Sahin, K. (2020). Clinical Impact Potential of Supplemental Nutrients as Adjuncts of Therapy in High-Risk COVID-19 for Obese Patients. Front Nutr. , 7, 580504.
Saniasiaya, J., & Kulasegarah, J. (2021a). Dizziness and COVID-19. Ear Nose Throat J ., 100(1), 29–30.
Sjödin, H., Wilder-Smith, A., Osman, S., Farooq, Z., & Rocklöv, J. (2020). Only strict quarantine measures can curb the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy, 2020. Euro Surveill, 25(13), 2000280.
Smith, B., & Lim, M. (2020). How the COVID-19 pandemic is focusing attention on loneliness and social isolation. Public Health Res Pract ., 30(2), 3022008.
Steardo, L., Steardo, L., & Verkhratsky, A. (2020). Psychiatric face of COVID-19. Transl Psychiatry ., 10(1), 1–12.
Vieira, H. C., Castro, A. E., & Schuch Júnior, V. F. (2010). O uso de questionários via e-mail em pesquisas acadêmicas sob a ótica dos respondentes. XIII SEMEAD: Seminários Em Administração, 1–13.
Viola, P., Ralli, M., Pisani, D., Malanga, D., Sculco, D., Messina, L., Laria, C., Aragona, T., Leopardi, G., Ursini, F., Scarpa, A., Topazio, D., Cama, A., Vespertini, V., Quintieri, F., Cosco, L., Cunsolo, E. M., & Chiarella, G. (2020). Tinnitus and equilibrium disorders in COVID-19 patients: preliminary results. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol . ,278(10), 1–6.
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5), 1–25.
Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Peng, Z. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA , 323(11), 9.
Wang, Z., Yang, B., Li, Q., Wen, L., & Zhang, R. (2020). Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis, 71(15), 77.
World Health Organization. (2020a). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report - 10 (30 january 2020). https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200130-sitrep-10-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=d0b2e480_2
World Health Organization. (2020b). Weekly epidemiological update - 28 September 2020. https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update---28-september-2020
Wosik, J., Fudim, M., Cameron, B., Gellad, Z. F., Cho, A., Phinney, D., Curtis, S., Roman, M., Poon, E. G., Ferranti, J., Katz, J. N., & Tcheng, J. (2020). Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care. J Am Med Inform Assoc ., 27(6), 62.
Wu, Y., Xu, X., Chen, Z., Duan, J., Hashimoto, K., Yang, L., Liu, C., & Yang, C. (2020, July 1). Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun , 87, 18–22.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Priscila Feliciano de Oliveira; Amanda Souza de Jesus ; Anderson Barbosa Sá Oliveira; Swyanne Vitória Rodrigues dos Santos; Aparecida Grasiele de Lima Silva; Gabriele Sousa de Oliveira; Oscar Felipe Falcão Raposo; Raphaela Barroso Guedes-Granzoti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
