Evaluation of the antiseptic effect of nanoemulsion with cinnamon essential oil on Streptococcus mutans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.26314Keywords:
Antimicrobials; Natural products; Mouthwash; Dental biofilm; Caries.Abstract
The objective of this work was to verify the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion with essential oil (EO) of cinnamon (Cinamomum cassia), as a mouthwash. Two formulations of mouthwash containing cinnamon EO were developed for the preparation of nanoemulsions with two types of surfactants, Tween 80 and soy lecithin. Treatments were compared with chlorhexidine (control) for Minimum Inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively), synergism between treatments and kinetics of antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, in addition to quantifying the substantivity of the treatments. Together, the chemical characterization of cinnamon EO and the characterization of the nanoemulsions were carried out. The nanoemulsions showed antimicrobial activity in the MIC and CBM of 0.625 mg mL-1 against Streptococcus mutans and 0.01 mg mL-1 of chlorhexidine and no synergism was detected between each cinnamon EO nanoemulsion and chlorhexidine. Comparing the efficiency of nanoemulsions with 0.12% chlorhexidine in quantifying substantivity, there was no significant difference between treatments.
References
Adams, R. P. (2017). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. (4a ed.), Allured Publishing Corporation.
Alves, P. M., Pereira, J. V., Higino, J. S., Pereira, M. S. V. & Queiroz, L. M. G. (2008). Atividade antimicrobiana e antiaderente in vitro do extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis linn. (alecrim) sobre microrganismos cariogênicos. Arquivos em Odontologia, 44(2), 53-58.
Arunachalam, l. T., Merugu, S. & Sudhakar, U. (2012). Comparison of intraoral distribution of two commercially available chlorhexidine mouthrinses with and without alcohol at three different rinsing periods. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 2(1), 20-24.
Atki, Y., Aouam, I., El kamari, F., Taroq, A., Nayme, K., Timinouni, M., Lyoussi, B. & Abdellaoui, A. (2019). Antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oils and their synergistic potential with antibiotics. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 10(2), 63-67.
Balagopal, S. & Arjunkumar, R. (2013). Chlorhexidine: the gold standard antiplaque agent. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 5(12), 270-274.
Beckloff, N., Laube, D., Castro, T., Furgang, D., Park, S., Perlin, D., Clements, D., Tang, H., Scott, R. W., Tew, G. N. & Diamond, G. (2007). Activity of an antimicrobial peptide mimetic against plankyonic and biofilm cultures of oral pathogens. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51(11), 4125-4132.
Bhatt, P. & Madhav, S. (2010). A detailed review on nanoemulsion drug delivery system, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(10), 2482-2489.
Carvalho, I. O., Purgato, G. A., Pícollo, M. S., Pizziolo, V. R., Coelho, R. R., Diaz-Muñoz, G. & Diaz, M. A. N. (2020). In vitro anticariogenic and antibiofilm activities of toothpastes formulated with essential oils. Archives Oral Biology, 117,1-8.
Celik, E.U., Tunac, A. T., Ates, M. & Sem, B. H. (2016). Antimicrobial activity of diferente disinfectants against cariogenic microorganisms. Brazilian Oral Research, 30,1-6.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute / National Comitee For Clinical Laboratory Standards (CLSI/NCCLS), (2009). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. Wayne: CLSI/NCCLS document M7-A8.
Feres, M., Figueiredo, L. C., Faveri, M., Stewart, B. & Vizio, W. (2010). The effectiveness of a preprocedural mouthrinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride in reducing bacteria in the dental office. The Journal of the American Dental Association,141(4), 415-422.
Firmino, D. F., Cavalcante, T. T. A., Gomes, G. A., Firmino, N. C. S., Rosa, L. D., Carvalho, M. G. & Catunda Junior, F. E. A. (2018). Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Cinnamomum sp. óleo essencial e cinnamaldeído: atividades antimicrobianas. The Scientific World Journal, 2018, 1-9.
Freire, I. C. M., Pérez, A. L. A. L., Cardoso, A. M. R., Mariz, B. A. L. A., Almeida, L. F. D., Cavalcanti, Y. W. & Padilha, W. W. N. (2014). Atividade antibacteriana de Óleos Essenciais sobre Streptococcus mutans e Staphylococcus aureus. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais,16, 372-377.
Gebran, M. P. & Gebert, A. P.O. (2002). Controle químico e mecânico de placa bacteriana. Tuiuti: Ciência e Cultura, 3(26), 45-58.
Gupta, G., Mitra, D., Ashok, K. P., Gupta, A., Soni, S., Ahmed, S. & Arya, A. (2014). Efficacy of preprocedural mouth rinsing in reducing aerosol contamination produced by ultrasonic scaler: a pilot study. Journal of Periodontology, 85(4), 562-568.
Hasmann, A., Cortez, D. V., Gurpilhares, D. B., Roberto, I. C. & Pessoa Júnior, A. (2007). Micelas reversas de lecitina de soja - uma alternativa para purificação de proteínas. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 43,481-487.
Hortense, S.R., Carvalho, E. S., Carvalho, F. S., Silva, R. P. R., Bastos, J. R. M. & Bastos, R. S. (2010). Uso da clorexidina como agente preventivo e terapêutico na odontologia. Revista odontológica universidade cidade de São Paulo, 22,178-84.
Hovijitra, R. S., Choonharuangdej. S. & Srithavaj, T. (2016). Effect of essential oils prepared from Thai culinary herbs on sessile Candida albicans cultures. Journal of Oral Science, 58(3), 365-371.
Jose, A. J., Leela, N. K., Zachariah, T. J. & Rema, J. (2019). Evaluation of coumarin content and essential oil constituents in Cinnamomum cassia (Nees & T. Nees), 28, 43-51.
Kim, Y. G., Kim, S. I., Baek, K. H. & Lee, J. (2015). Cinnamon bark oil and its componentes inhibit biofilm formation and toxin production. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 195, 30-39.
Komaiko, J. S. & McClements, D. J. (2016). Formation of Food‐Grade Nanoemulsions Using Low‐Energy Preparation Methods: A Review of Available Methods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 15(2) ,331-352.
Lakatos, E. V. & Marconi, M. A. (2010) Fundamentos de metodologia científica. (7a ed.), Atlas
Lemos T. L. G., Matos, F. D. A., Alencar, J. W., Craveiro, A. A., Clarkl, A. M. & McChesney, J. D. (1990). Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Brazilian plants. Phytotherapy Research, 4(2), 82-84.
Li, J., Chang, J. W., Saenger, M. & Deering, A. (2017). Thymol nanoemulsions formed via spontaneous emulsification: Physical and antimicrobial properties. Food Chemistry, 232,191-197.
Liew, S. N., Utra, U., Alias, A. K., Tan, T. B., Tan, C. P. & Yussof, N. S. (2020). Physical morphological and antibacterial properties of lime essential oil nanoemulsions prepared via spontaneous emulsification method. Food Science Technology, 128,1-8.
Lim, J. (2011). Hedonic Scaling: a review of methods and theory. Food Quality and Preference, 22(8), 733-747.
McClements, D. J. (2012). Nanoemulsions versus microemulsions: terminology, diferences and similarities. Soft Matter, 8(6), 1719-1729.
McClements, D. J. & Rao, J. (2011). Food-grade nanoemulsions: formulation fabrication properties performance biological fate and potential toxicity. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(4), 285-330.
Millsop, J. W., Wang, E. A. & Fazel, N. (2017). Etiology evaluation and management of xerostomia. Clinics in Dermatology, 35(5), 468-476.
Moreira, M. J. S., Ferreira, M. B. C. & Hashizume, L. N. (2012). Avaliação in vitro da atividade antimicrobiana dos componentes de um enxaguatórios bucal contendo malva. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada, 12(4), 505-509.
National Institute Of Standards And Technology (NIST). (2019). Nist Livro de Química na web. SRD 69. Avaiable from: https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/.
Nemen, D. & Lemos-Senna, E. (2011). Preparação e Caracterização de Suspensões Coloidais de Nanocarreadores Lipídicos Contendo Resveratrol Destinados à Administração Cutânea. Química Nova, 34(3), 408-413.
Odds, F.C. (2003) Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52(1), 1-6.
Paudel, S. K., Bhargava, K. & Kotturi, H. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of cinnamon oil nanoemulsion against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. on melons. Lebensmittel-wissenschaft + [i.e. Und] Technologie. Food Science Technology International, 111, 682-687.
Pillai, S.K & Moellering, R.C. (2005). Antimicrobial combinations. Ann Lab Med. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. New York, 365-400.
Pongsumpun, P., Iwamoto, S. & Siripatrawan, U. (2020). Response surface methodology for optimization of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion with improved stability and antifungal activity. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 60,104604.
Prasad, K. A., John, S., Deepika, V., Dwijendra, K. S., Reddy, B. R. & Chincholi, S. (2015). Anti-Plaque Efficacy of Herbal and 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouthwash: A Comparative Study. Journal of International Oral Health, 7(8), 98-102.
Retamal-Valdes, B., Soares, G. M., Stewart, B., Figueiredo, L. C., Faveri, M., Miller, S., Zhang, Y. P. & Feres, M. (2017). Effectiveness of a pre-procedural mouthwash in reducing bacteria in dental aerosols: randomized clinical trial. Brazilian Oral Research, 31,1-10.
Ribeiro-Santos, R., Andrade, M., Madella, D., Martinazzo, A. P., Moura, L. A. G., Melo, N. R. & Sanches-Silva, A. (2017). Revisiting an ancient spice with medicinal purposes: Cinnamon. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 62, 154-69.
Rigon, C., Giuliani, L. M., Stangarlin, M. F. L., Mattiazzi. J., Gomes, F. P., Pegoraro, N. S., Cruz, L. & Ferreira, L. M. (2017). Sistemas nanoestruturados contendo óleo de linhaça: desenvolvimento tecnológico e caracterização físico-química de nanoemulsões e nanocápsulas poliméricas. Saúde (Santa Maria), 43(1),153-161.
Silva, D. S. M. A., Reis, J. J., Brandão, H. N., Neves, M. S., Branco, C. R. C., Andrade, A. P. E. N. & Oliveira, M. C. (2016). Avaliação da aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) no tratamento da mucosite oral induzida pela radioterapia exclusiva ou associada a quimioterapia: estudo piloto. Revista de Saúde Coletiva UEFS, 6(2), 59-65.
Soares, A. K., Bonvini, B. & Fukushigue, C. Y. (2019). Avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano profilático de enxaguatórios bucais contendo em sua formulação clorexidina e óleos essenciais. Revista Salusvita, 38(1), 87-96.
Souza, F. B., Marques, A. E. L. R., Oliveira, K. M. S., Bezerra, G. M., Marques, I. R. C. & Sobrinho, C. R. W. (2019). Influence of chlorhexidine mouthwashes on air contamination of dental offices. Journal of Dental Health Oral Disorders & Therapy, 10(1), 23-26.
Tomás, I., Cousido, M. C., García-Caballero, L., Rubido, S., Limeres, J. & Diz, P. (2010). Substantivity of a single chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivar flora: Influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Journal of Dentistry, 38(7), 541-546.
Torres, C. R. G., Kubo, C. H., Anido, A. A. & Rodrigues, J. R. (2000). Agentes antimicrobianos e seu potencial de uso na odontologia. Revista Faculdade de Odontologia de São José Dos Campos, 3(2), 43-52.
Valizadeh, A., Shirzad, M., Esmaeili, F. & Amani, A. (2018). Increased antibacterial activity of cinnamon oil microemulsionin comparison with cinnamon oil bulk and nanoemulsion, Nanomedicine Research Journal, 3(1), 37-43.
Van Strydonck, D. A., Slot, D. E., Van Der Velden, U. & Van Der Weijden, F. (2012). Effect of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on plaque gingival inflammation and staining in gingivitis patients: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 39(11), 1042-1055.
Veloso, D. J., Abrão, F., Martins, C. H. G., Bronzato, J. D., Gomes, B. P. F. A., Higino, J. S. & Sampaio, F.C. (2020). Potential antibacterial and anti-halitosis activity of medicinal plants against oral bacteria. Archives Oral Biology, 110, 104585,1-21.
Wiwattanarattanabut, K., Choonharuangdej, S. & Srithavaj, T. (2017). In vitro anti-cariogenic plaque effects of essential oils extracted from culinary herbs. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 11(9), DC30-DC35.
Yanakiev, S. (2020). Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum spp.) in Dentistry: A Review. Molecules, 25(18), 1-17.
Yukuyama, M. N., Ghisleni, D. D. M., Pinto, T. J. A. & Bou-Chacra, N. A. (2016). Nanoemulsion: process selection and application in cosmetics – a review. International Journal of Cosmetics Science, 38(1), 13–24.
Zanatta, F. B. & Rösing, C. K. (2007). Chlorexidine: actions’s mechanisms and recent evidences of it’s efficacy over supragingival biofilm context. Scientifica, 1(2), 35-43.
Zhang, C., Fan, L., Fan, S., Wang, J., Luo, T., Tang, Y., Chen, Z. & Yu, L. (2019). Cinnamomum cassia Presl: A Review of Its Traditional Uses. Phytochemistry. Pharmacology and Toxicology. Molecules, 24(19), 1-24.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Daniella Londero Silva Batisti; Ricardo Botelho Camargo; Viviane Krominski Graça de Souza; José Renato Pattaro Júnior; José Eduardo Gonçalves; Cristiane Mengue Feniman Moritz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
