Integrative review on olfactory disfunctions caused by COVID-19

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.28384

Keywords:

SARS-CoV-2; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Olfactory dysfunction; Hypogeusia; Teaching.

Abstract

The study aims to gather and synthesize scientific information related to olfactory dysfunctions caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). This is an integrative literature review carried out from scientific journals published from August to December 2021. Original articles with systematic literature reviews, retrospective observational studies, prospective descriptive studies, case-control studies and meta-studies were included meta-analyses. It was concluded that symptoms related to olfactory dysfunctions caused by COVID-19 vary according to age, sex, genetics, stage of the disease and pre-existing comorbidities. The mechanism of action by the virus to promote sensory changes is still uncertain. The main evidence suggests viral dissemination through the olfactory cleft neuroepithelium, with consequent infiltration in the olfactory bulb or neural loss mechanism, with direct damage to the olfactory sensory neurons. Given the complexity of the infection caused by COVID-19 it is essential to continue thematic research, especially in relation to the new variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Author Biographies

Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Universidade de Marília

Possui Graduação em Odontologia pela Universidade de Marília - UNIMAR (1998), Especialização em Ortodontia pela Universidade de Maringá (Uningá ,2011), Mestrado em Biologia Oral pela Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC,2005), Doutorado em Ciências obtido no programa Ciências Odontológicas Aplicadas (AC: Biologia Oral) na Universidade de São Paulo (Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - FOB/USP, 2014) e Pós-Doutorado na Universidade de São Paulo (Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - FOB/USP). É professora permanente do Programa de Mestrado Acadêmico em Interações Estruturais e Funcionais na Reabilitação da UNIMAR, na linha de Pesquisa em Reparação Tecidual. É coordenadora de Ensino e Pesquisa do curdo de Medicina e atua Professora Doutora do Centro Universitário de Adamantina (UNIFAI) desde 02/2017 nas disciplinas de Neuroanatomia Humana (Medicina) e Anatomia II (Medicina). É Presidente Docente Supervisora da Liga Acadêmica de Anatomia Clínica e Cirúrgica da UNIMAR e da Liga Acadêmica de Morfofisiologia da UniFAI. Foi coordenadora e ministradora de Cursos de Extensão em Anatomia Topográfica . Tem experiência na área de Morfologia, com ênfase em Anatomia e Morfofisiologia Humana, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: Ciências Básicas (Disciplinas básicas da área da Saúde) e pesquisadora nas áreas de Regeneração tecidual e terapia por Fotobiomodulação.

Maria Eduarda Guelfi Pinto, Universidade de Marília

Estudante do 4o ano de Medicina.

Natália Lopes Silva, Universidade de Marília

Estudante do 4o ano de Medicina.

Tarek Mustafa Oliveira, Universidade de Marília

Estudante 4o ano de Medicina.

Otávio Simões Girotto, Universidade de Marília

Estudante 4o ano de Medicina.

Yuuki Daniel Tahara Vilas Boas, Universidade de Marília

Estudante do 4o ano de Medicina.

Gabrielle Gomides Marconato, Universidade de Marília

Estudante do 4o ano de Medicina.

João Victor Pereira Rocha, Universidade de Marília

Estudante do 4o ano de Medicina.

Lucas Ryuiti Adati, Universidade de Marília

Estudante do 4o ano de Medicina.

References

Agyeman, A. A., Chin, K. L., Landersdorfer, C. B., Liew, D. & Asenso, R. O. (2020). Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 95(8), 1621-1631. Recuperado de https://doi.org/doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.030.

Bai, Y. X., Xu, Y. H., Wang, X., Sun, C., Guo, Y., Qiu. S. & Ma, K. W. (2020). Advances in SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 24, 9208-9215. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202009_22873.

Berlin, D. A., Gulick, R. M. & Martinez, F. J. Severe COVID-19. (2020). New England Journal of Medicine, 383(25), 2451-2460. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcp2009575.

Bordallo, B., Bellas, M., Cortez, A. F., Vieira, M. & Pinheiro, M. (2020). Severe COVID-19: what have we learned with the immunopathogenesis? Advances in Rheumatology, 20(60), 1-13. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-020-00151-7.

Cardoso, R. F., Alberto, D., Maués, S. C. C., Silva, S. R. M., Abreu, A. C., Coelho, J. S. M., Marinho, M. T. B., Pinto, I. C. S. & Meireles, A. A. V. (2021). COVID-19: Um desafio epidemiológico. Research, Society and Development, 10(7), e32110716313. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16313.

D'ascanio, L., Pandolfini, M., Cingolani, C., Latini, G., Gradoni, P., Capalbo, M., Frausini, G., Maranzano, M., Brenner, M. J. & Di Stadio, A. (2021). Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: prevalence and prognosis for recovering sense of smell. Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 164(1), 82-86. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820943530.

Estomba, C. M. C., Lechien, J. R., Radulesco, T., Michel, J., Sowerby, L. J., Hopkins, C. & Saussez, S. (2020). Patterns of smell recovery in 751 patients affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. European Journal of Neurology, 27(11), 2318-2321. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14440.

Feehan, A. K., Fort, D., Velasco, C., Burton, J. H., Garcia-Diaz, J., Price, E. G. H., Sapp, E., Pevey, D. & Seoane, L. (2020). The importance of anosmia, ageusia and age in community presentation of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Louisiana, USA: a cross-sectional prevalence study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27(4), 1-9. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.029.

Galluzzi, F., Rossi, V., Bosetti, C. & Garavello, W. (2021). Risk factors for olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neuroepidemiology, 55(2), 154-161. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514888.

Gozen, E. D., Aliyeva, C., Tevetoglu, F., Karaali, R., Ilker, I., Yener, M. & Ozdogan, H. A. (2021). Evaluation of olfactory function with objective tests in COVID-19 positive patients: a cross-sectional study. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal, 100(2), 169-173. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561320975510.

Gupta, A., Madhavan, M. V., Sehgal, K., Nandini, N., Mahajan, S., Sehrawat, T. S., Bikdeli, B., Ahluwalia, N., Ausiello, J. C. (2020). Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nature Medicine, 26(7), 1017-1032. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3.

Hopkins, C., Alanin, M., Philpott, C., Harries, P., Whitcroft, K., Qureishi, A., Anari, S., Ramakrishnan, Y., Sama, A., Davies, E., Stew, B., Gane, S., Carrie, S., Hathorn, I., Boak, D. & Kumar, B.N. (2021). Management of new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Otolaryngology, 46(16), 16-22. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13636.

Huynh, P. P., Ishii, L.E. & Ishii, M. (2020). What is anosmia? Journal of the American Medical Association, 324(2), 206. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.10966.

Kutsuna, S. (2021). Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease. Japan Medical AssociationJournal, 4(2), 76-80. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.31662/jmaj.2021-0013.

Le Bon, S. D., Pisarski, N., Verbeke, J., Prunier, L., Cavelier, G., Thill, M. P., Rodriguez, A., Dequanter, D., Lechien, J. R., Le Bon, O., Hummel, T. & Horoi, M. (2021). Psychophysical evaluation of chemosensory functions 5 weeks after olfactory loss due to COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on 72 patients. European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 278(1), 101-108. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06267-2.

Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Zhou, X. W., Yeqing, T. R., Kathy, S. & Leung, M. (2020). Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus infected pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(13), 1199-1207. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001316.

Lima, M. A., Silva, M. T. T., Oliveira, R.V., Soares, C. N., Takano, C. L., Azevedo, A. E., Moraes, R. L., Rezende, R. B., Chagas, I. T., Espíndola, O., Leite, A. C. & Araujo, A. (2020). Smell dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: more than a yes-no question. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 418, 1-3. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117107.

Lima, M. H. L. C., Cavalcante, A. L. B. & Leão, S. C. (2021). Pathophysiological relationship between COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 1078, 1-9. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.04.001.

Meng, X., Deng, Y., Dai, Z. & Meng Z. (2020). COVID-19 and anosmia: a review based on up-to-date knowledge. American Journal of Otolaryngology, 41(5), 102581. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102581.

Montalvan, V., Lee, J., Bueso, T., Toledo, J. & Rivas, K. (2020). Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections: a systematic review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 194, 1-8. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105921.

Nascimento, I. M. G., Alencar Neta, R. L., Souza, A. C., Bezerra, Y. C. P., Silva, C. J. S., Lima, E. R., Santos, R. C. P., Varela, B. R. S., Alencar, M. T., Assis, E. V. & Feitosa, A. N. A. (2022). Perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos casos de hospitalização por COVID-19 na nona região de saúde da Paraíba, Brasil. Research, Society and Development, 11(1), e29011124761. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24761.

Niklassen, A. S., Draf, J., Huart, C., Hintschich, C., Bocksberger, S., Trecca, E.M.C., Klimek, L., Le Bon, S.D, Altundag, A. & Hummel, T. (2021). COVID-19: Recovery from chemosensory dysfunction: a multicentre study on smell and taste. Laryngoscope, 131(5), 1095-1100. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29383.

Parma, V., Ohla, K., Veldhuizen, M. G., Niv, M. Y., Kelly, C. E., Bakke, A. J., Cooper, K.W., Bouysset, C., Pirastu, N., Dibattista, M., Kaur, R., Liuzza, M. T., Pepino, M. Y. & Schopf, V. (2020). More than smell-COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis. Chemical Senses, 9(45), 609-622. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041.

Patel, A., Charani E, A. D., Abdulaal, A., Denny, S. J., Mughal, N. & Moore, L. S. P. (2020). New-onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26(9), 1236-1241. Recuperado de https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.026.

Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J. & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. Santa Maria/RS: Editora UAB/NTE/UFSM. 119p.

Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Gallego, V., Escalera-Antezana, J. P., Méndez, C. A., Zambrano, L., Franco-Paredes, C., Suárez, J. A., Rodriguez-Enciso, H. D., Balbin-Ramon, G. J., Savio-Larriera, E., Risquez, A. & Cimerman, S. (2020). COVID-19 in Latin America: the implications of the first confirmed case in Brazil. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 35, 101613. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101613.

Saniasiaya, J. & Abdullah, B. (2020). Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis of 27.492 patients. The Laryngoscope, 131(4), 865-878. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29286.

Santos-Neto, A. G., Santos, A. F., Santos, J. R., Alves, L. L., Ramos, A. C. S., Santana, A. A. M.; Santos, I. D. D. & Gaspar, L. M. A. C. (2021). COVID-19: metodologias de diagnóstico. Research, Society and Development, 10(5), e48810515114. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.15114.

Saussez, S., Lechien, J. R. & Hopkins, C. (2021). Anosmia: an evolution of our understanding of its importance in COVID-19 and what questions remain to be answered. European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 278(7), 2187-2191. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820943530.

Speth, M. M., Cornelius, T. S., Oberle, M., Gengler, I., Brockmeier, S. J. & Sedaghat, A. R. (2020). Mood, anxiety and olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: evidence of central nervous system involvement? Laryngoscope, 130(11), 2520-2525. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.28964.

Trachootham, D., Thongyen, S., Ubol, A. L., Chotechuang, N., Pongpirul, W. & Prasithsirikul, W. (2021). Simultaneously complete but not partial taste and smell losses were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 106, 329-337. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.083.

Xavier, A. L. R., Silva, J. S., Almeida, J. P. C. L., Conceição, J. F. F., Lacerda, G. S. & Kanaan, S. (2020). COVID-19: clinical and laboratory manifestations in novel coronavirus infection. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 56, 1-9. Recuperado de http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20200049.

Yesudhas, D., Srivastava, A. & Gromiha, M. M. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: history, mechanism, transmission, structural studies and therapeutics. Infection, 49, 199-213. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01516-2.

Zahra, S. A., Iddawela, S., Pillai, K., Choudhury, R. Y. & Harky, A. (2020). Can symptoms of anosmia and dysgeusia be diagnostic for COVID-19? Brain and Behavior, 10(11), 1-18. Recuperado de https://doi.org/doi: 10.1002/brb3.1839.

Zheng, J., Wong, L.R., Li, K., Verma, A.K., Ortiz, M.E., Lenane, C., Leidinger, M.R., Knudson, C.M., Meyerholz, D.K. & Perlman, S. (2021). COVID-19 treatments and pathogenesis including anosmia in K18-hACE2 mice. Nature, 589(7843), 603-607. Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2943-z.

Downloads

Published

12/04/2022

How to Cite

BUCHAIM, D. V.; FURLANETO, L. B.; PINTO, M. E. G.; SILVA, N. L.; OLIVEIRA, T. M.; GIROTTO, O. S.; BOAS, Y. D. T. V.; MARCONATO, G. G.; ROCHA, J. V. P.; ADATI, L. R. Integrative review on olfactory disfunctions caused by COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 5, p. e45911528384, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i5.28384. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/28384. Acesso em: 19 apr. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 5

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Daniela Vieira Buchaim; Laura Badiz Furlaneto; Maria Eduarda Guelfi Pinto; Natália Lopes Silva; Tarek Mustafa Oliveira; Otávio Simões Girotto; Yuuki Daniel Tahara Vilas Boas; Gabrielle Gomides Marconato; João Victor Pereira Rocha; Lucas Ryuiti Adati

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.