Chronic treatment with juçara (Euterpe edulis) fruit pulp produces antihypertensive effect and improve on baroreflex sensitivity in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.28995Keywords:
Anthocyanidins; Atlantic açaí; Blood pressure control; Antihypertensive; Antioxidant; Reflex pressure control.Abstract
Background: Juçara açaí is a Brazilian berry with high anthocyanidin content and high antioxidant properties. A correlation between oxidative stress, hypertension and baroreflex impairment is known, however, no previous studies investigate the effect of juçara fruit pulp on hypertension. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate antihypertensive effect of juçara (Euterpe edulis) fruit pulp in SHR animals, its antioxidant capacity and influence on baroreflex sensitivity. Methods: Chemical profile was obtained by ESI(-)-FT-ICR-MS. For biological analysis, male SHR were separated into groups: control (S), which received water; captopril (SC), which received captopril (30 mg/kg), and juçara (SJ), which received juçara pulp (4.4mL/kg). Treatments were daily performed by gavage and remained for 8 weeks. Baroreflex evaluation was made by in bolus injection of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside, after the analysis the heart was frozen (-80ºC) for biomolecular evaluations (AOPP, TBARS, SOD and catalase activity and protein expression). Results: The treatments promoted decrease in arterial pressure (S: 163.3±2.2; SC: 154.0±0.6; SJ: 149.0±3.8 mmHg) and improved the baroreflex sensitivity after nitroprusside activation. In addition, it promoted a decrease in AOPP and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. However, no changes were observed in protein expression. Conclusion: It was shown that juçara can promote cardiovascular benefits and its consume should be stimulated for prevention of hypertension.
References
Aebi, H. (1984). Catalase in Vitro. Methods Enzymol. 105(1947): 121–126.
Ai, J., Liang, F., Zhou, H., Zhao, J., Wang, N., Zhu, S., & Yang, B. (2010). Mechanism of impaired baroreflex sensitivity in Wistar rats fed a high-fat and -carbohydrate diet. Br. J. Nutr. 104: 291–297. 10.1017/S0007114510000450.
Andrade, T.U., Santos, C.S., Busato, C.W., Medeiros, R.S., Abreu, R., & Moyse, M.R. (2008). Higher Physiological Doses of Nandrolone Decanoate Do Not Influence the Bezold-Jarish Reflex Control of Bradycardia. 39: 27–32. 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.06.020.
Barroso, M.E.S., Oliveira, B.G., Pimentel, E.F., Pereira, P.M., Ruas, F.G., Andrade, T.U., Lenz, D., Scherer, R., Fronza, M., Ventura, J.A., Vaz, B.G., Kondratyuk, T.P., Romão, W., & Endringer, D.C. (2019). Phytochemical profile of genotypes of Euterpe edulis Martius – Juçara palm fruits. Food Res. Int. 116(21): 985–993. Elsevier. 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.036.
Batista, Â.G., Ferrari, A.S., Da Cunha, D.C., Da Silva, J.K., Cazarin, C.B.B., Correa, L.C., Prado, M.A., Carvalho-Silva, L.B. De, Esteves, E.A., & Maróstica Júnior, M.R. (2016). Polyphenols, antioxidants, and antimutagenic effects of Copaifera langsdorffii fruit. Food Chem. 197: 1153–1159. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.093.
Benjamin, E.J., Virani, S.S., Callaway, C.W., Chamberlain, A.M., Chang, A.R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S.E., Cushman, M., Delling, F.N., Deo, R., De Ferranti, S.D., Ferguson, J.F., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., Isasi, C.R., Jiménez, M.C., Jordan, L.C., Judd, S.E., Lackland, D., Lichtman, J.H., Lisabeth, L., Liu, S., Longenecker, C.T., Lutsey, P.L., MacKey, J.S., Matchar, D.B., Matsushita, K., Mussolino, M.E., Nasir, K., O’Flaherty, M., Palaniappan, L.P., Pandey, A., Pandey, D.K., Reeves, M.J., Ritchey, M.D., Rodriguez, C.J., Roth, G.A., Rosamond, W.D., Sampson, U.K.A., Satou, G.M., Shah, S.H., Spartano, N.L., Tirschwell, D.L., Tsao, C.W., Voeks, J.H., Willey, J.Z., Wilkins, J.T., Wu, J.H.Y., Alger, H.M., Wong, S.S., & Muntner, P. (2018). Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2018 update: A report from the American Heart Association. In Circulation. 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558.
Bernardes, N.R., Heggdorne-Araújo, M., Borges, I.F.J.C., Almeida, F.M., Amaral, E.P., Lasunskaia, E.B., Muzitano, M.F., & Oliveira, D.B. (2014). Nitric oxide production, inhibitory, antioxidant and antimycobacterial activities of the fruits extract and flavonoid content of Schinus terebinthifolius. Brazilian J. Pharmacogn. 24(6): 644–650. Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.10.012.
Bicudo, M.O.P., Ribani, R.H., & Beta, T. (2014). Anthocyanins, Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Properties of Juçara Fruits (Euterpe edulis M.) Along the On-tree Ripening Process. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 69(2): 142–147. 10.1007/s11130-014-0406-0.
Borges, G. da S.C., Vieira, F.G.K., Copetti, C., Gonzaga, L.V., Zambiazi, R.C., Filho, J.M., & Fett, R. (2011). Chemical characterization, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of jussara (Euterpe edulis) fruit from the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Food Res. Int. 44(7): 2128–2133. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.006.
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72(1–2): 248–254. 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3.
Brasil. (2000). Intrução Normativa No 01, de 7 de janeiro de 2000. In DOU - Official Gazette. 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
Brasil, G.A., Ronchi, S.N., Nascimento, A.M. do, de Lima, E.M., Romão, W., da Costa, H.B., Scherer, R., Ventura, J.A., Lenz, D., Bissoli, N.S., Endringer, D.C., & Andrade, T.U. de. (2014). Antihypertensive Effect of Carica papaya Via a Reduction in ACE Activity and Improved Baroreflex. Planta Med. 80(17): 1580–1587. 10.1055/s-0034-1383122.
Brito, E.S. de, Araújo, M.C.P. de, Alves, R.El., Carkeet, C., Clevidence, B.A., & Novotny, J. (2007). Anthocyanins present in selected tropical fruits: Acerola, jambolão, jussara, and guajiru. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55(23): 9389–9394. 10.1021/jf0715020.
Cardoso, A., de Liz, S., Rieger, D., Farah, A., Kunradi Vieira, F., Altenburg de Assis, M., & Di Pietro, P. (2018). An Update on the Biological Activities of Euterpe edulis (Juçara). Planta Med. 84(08): 487–499. 10.1055/s-0044-101624.
Cassidy, A. (2018). Berry anthocyanin intake and cardiovascular health. Mol. Aspects Med. 61: 76–82. Elsevier Ltd. 10.1016/j.mam.2017.05.002.
Cassidy, A., Bertoia, M., Chiuve, S., Flint, A., Forman, J., & Rimm, E.B. 2016. Habitual intake of anthocyanins and flavanones and risk of cardiovascular disease in men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 104(3): 587–594. 10.3945/ajcn.116.133132.
de Castro, C.A., Natali, A.J., Cardoso, L.M., Ferreira-Machado, A.B., Novello, A.A., da Silva, K.A., Tafuri, N.F., da Matta, S.L.P., Pedrosa, M.L., & Peluzio, M. do C.G. (2014). Aerobic exercise and not a diet supplemented with jussara açaí (Euterpe edulis Martius) alters hepatic oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in ApoE-deficient mice. Br. J. Nutr. 112(03): 285–294. 10.1017/S000711451400083X.
Cheng, S.W.T., Swords, B.H., Kirk, K.A., & Berecek, K.H. (1989). Baroreflex function in lifetime—captopril-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 13(1): 63–69. 10.1161/01.HYP.13.1.63.
Cordeiro, V.S., Carvalho, L.C., Bem, G.F. de, Costa, C.A., Souza, P.J.C., Souza, M.A. V, Rocha, V.N., Carvalho, J.J., Moura, R.S. de, & Resende, A.C. (2015). Euterpe oleracea Mart. extract prevents vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod. 8(3): 6–16. Available from http://www.ijarnp.org/index.php/ijarnp/article/view/312.
Da Costa, C.A., Ognibene, D.T., Cordeiro, V.S.C., de Bem, G.F., Santos, I.B., Soares, R.A., Cunha, L.L. de M., Carvalho, L.C.R.M., de Moura, R.S., & Resende, A.C. 2017. Effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Seeds Extract on Chronic Ischemic Renal Injury in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. J. Med. Food 00(0): jmf.2017.0011. 10.1089/jmf.2017.0011.
Cunha, T.S., Moura, M.J.C.S., Bermudes, C.F., Tanno, A.P., & Marcondes, F.K. 2005. Vascular Sensitivity to Phenylephrine in Rats Submitted to Anaerobic Training and Nandrolone Treatment. Hypertension 46(4): 1010–1015. 10.1161/01.HYP.0000174600.51515.e7.
El-Mas, M.M., Afify, E.A., Mohy El-Din, M.M., Omar, A.G., & Sharabi, F.M. (2001). Testosterone facilitates the baroreceptor control of reflex bradycardia: Role of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic components. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 38(5): 754–763. 10.1097/00005344-200111000-00012.
Fadden, J. Mac, Seoane, C.E., Paolinetti, V., Lima, A.D., Zanatta, R.A., Amêndola, D., Diaz, V.S., Martins, L.F., Sedrez, M., Maria, J., Foufre, L.C., Dereti, R., Miller, R., and De, E.C. (2008). Extração caseira de polpa de Juçara (Euterpe edullis Martius). In EMBRAPA. EMBRAPA.
Felzenszwalb, I., da Costa Marques, M.R., Mazzei, J.L., & Aiub, C.A.F. (2013). Toxicological evaluation of Euterpe edulis: A potential superfruit to be considered. Food Chem. Toxicol. 58: 536–544. 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.029.
Freitas, R. de B., Melato, F.A., Oliveira, J.M. de, Bastos, D.S.S., Cardoso, R.M., Leite, J.P.V., and Lima, L.M. (2017). Euterpe edulis effects on cardiac and renal tissues of Wistar rats fed with cafeteria diet. Nutr. Hosp. 34(1): 186–192.
Gale, A.M., Kaur, R., and Baker, W.L. (2014). Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects of açaí berry in healthy volunteers: A randomized controlled trial. Int. J. Cardiol. 174(2): 421–423. Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.04.036.
Garber, J.C., Barbee, R.W., Bielitzki, J.T., Clayton, L.A., Donovan, J.C., Hendriksen, C.F.M., Kohn, D.F., Lipman, N.S., Locke, P.A., Melcher, J., Quimby, F.W., Turner, P. V, Wood, G.A., & Wüebel, H. (2010). National Institute of Health: Guide for The Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. In 8th edition. The National Academies Press, Wasington D.C.
Gava, A.L., Balarini, C.M., Peotta, V.A., Abreu, G.R., Cabral, A.M., Vasquez, E.C., & Meyrelles, S.S. (2012). Baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in mice with cardiac hypertrophy. Auton. Neurosci. Basic Clin. 170(1–2): 62–65. Elsevier B.V. 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.002.
Grans, C.F., Feriani, D.J., Abssamra, M.E.V., Rocha, L.Y., Carrozzi, N.M., Mostarda, C., Figueroa, D.M., Angelis, K. De, Irigoyen, M.C., & Rodrigues, B. (2014). Resistance Training After Myocardial Infarction in Rats: Its Role on Cardiac and Autonomic Function. Arq. Bras. Cardiol.: 60–68. 10.5935/abc.20140093.
Grassi, D., Desideri, G., Giosia, P.D., Feo, M.D., Fellini, E., Cheli, P., Ferri, L., & Ferri, C. (2013). Tea, flavonoids, and cardiovascular health: Endothelial protection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 98(6): 1660–1666. 10.3945/ajcn.113.058313.
Grassi, G., Trevano, F.Q., Seravalle, G., Scopelliti, F., & Mancia, G. (2006). Baroreflex Function in Hypertension: Consequences for Antihypertensive Therapy. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 48(6): 407–415. 10.1016/j.pcad.2006.03.002.
Guzik, T.J., & Touyz, R.M. (2017). Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Vascular Aging in Hypertension. Hypertension 70(4): 660–667. 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.07802.
Head, G.A. (1995). Baroreflex and Cardiovascular Regulation in Hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 26 (Suppl.: S7–S16).
Heinrich, M., Dhanji, T., & Casselman, I. (2011). Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) - A phytochemical and pharmacological assessment of the species’ health claims. Phytochem. Lett. 4(1): 10–21. Phytochemical Society of Europe. 10.1016/j.phytol.2010.11.005.
Hügel, H.M., Jackson, N., May, B., Zhang, A.L., & Xue, C.C. (2016). Polyphenol protection and treatment of hypertension. Phytomedicine 23(2): 220–231. 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.012.
Inácio, M.R.C., De Lima, K.M.G., Lopes, V.G., Pessoa, J.D.C., and De Almeida Teixeira, G.H. (2013). Total anthocyanin content determination in intact açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and palmitero-juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) fruit using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and multivariate calibration. Food Chem. 136(3–4): 1160–1164. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.046.
Judkins, C.P., Diep, H., Broughton, B.R.S., Mast, A.E., Hooker, E.U., Miller, A.A., Selemidis, S., Dusting, G.J., Sobey, C.G., & Drummond, G.R. (2010). Direct evidence of a role for Nox2 in superoxide production, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and early atherosclerotic plaque formation. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 298(1): 24–32. 10.1152/ajpheart.00799.2009.
Kähkönen, M.P. & Heinonen, M. (2003). Antioxidant activity of anthocyanins and their aglycons. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51(3): 628–633. 10.1021/jf025551i.
Li, J., Kemp, B.A., Howell, N.L., Massey, J., Mińczuk, K., Huang, Q., Chordia, M.D., Jack Roy, R., Patrie, J.T., Davogustto, G.E., Kramer, C.M., Epstein, F.H., Carey, R.M., Taegtmeyer, H., Keller, S.R., & Kundu, B.K. (2019). Metabolic changes in spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts precede cardiac dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 8(4). 10.1161/JAHA.118.010926.
Mancia, G., Parati, G., Pomidossi, G., Bertinieri, G., Buccino, N., Ferrari, A., Gregorini, L., Rupoli, L., & Zanchetti, A. (1982). Modification of Arterial Baroreflexes by Captopril in Essential Hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 49(mean 49): 1415–1419.
Mariz, S.R., Cerqueira, G.S., Araújo, W.C., Dantas, J.G., Ramalho, J.A., Palomaro, T. V., Duarte, J.C., dos Santos, H.B., Olveira, K., de Araújo, M.S.T., Diniz, M. de F.F.M., & de Medeiros, I.A. (2012). Chronic toxicologic study of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Jatropha gossypiifolia in rats. Brazilian J. Pharmacogn. 22(3): 663–668. 10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000024.
Mengal, V., Silva, P.H.M., Tiradentes, R. V., Santuzzi, C.H., De Almeida, S.A., Sena, G.C., Bissoli, N.S., Abreu, G.R., & Gouvea, S.A. 2016. Aliskiren and l-arginine treatments restore depressed baroreflex sensitivity and decrease oxidative stress in renovascular hypertension rats. Hypertens. Res. 39(11): 769–776. Nature Publishing Group. 10.1038/hr.2016.61.
Meyrelles, S.S., Mauad, H., Mathias, S.C.B., Cabral, A.M., and Vasquez, E.C. (1998). Effects of myocardial hypertrophy on neural reflexes controlling cardiovascular function. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 73(2–3): 135–142. 10.1016/S0165-1838(98)00129-5.
Misra, H.P., & Fridovich, I. (1972). The Role of Superoxide Anion in the Autoxidation of Epinephrine and a Simple Assay for Superoxide Dismutase. J. Biol. Chem. 247(10): 3170–3175. 4623845.
Oparil, S., Acelajado, M.C., Bakris, G.L., Berlowitz, D.R., Cífková, R., Dominiczak, A.F., Grassi, G., Jordan, J., Poulter, N.R., Rodgers, A., & Whelton, P.K. (2018). Hypertension. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 4. 10.1038/nrdp.2018.14.
Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite: Redox pathways in molecular medicine [Biochemistry]. (n.d.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 10.1073/pnas.1804932115.
Panza, J.A., Casino, P.R., Badar, D.M., & Quyyumi, A.A. (1993). Effect of increased availability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide precursor on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension. Circulation 87(5): 1475–1481. 10.1161/01.CIR.87.5.1475.
Quilley, C.P., Chiba, S., Quilley, J., and McGiff, J.C. (1987). Aspirin enhances the antihypertensive effect of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 10(3): 294–302. 10.1161/01.HYP.10.3.294.
Rababa’h, A.M., Guillory, A.N., Mustafa, R., & Hijjawi, T. (2018). Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Remodeling: An Updated Edge. Curr. Cardiol. Rev. 14(1): 53–59. 10.2174/1573403x14666180111145207.
Reagan-Shaw, S., Nihal, M., & Ahmad, N. (2008). Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 22(3): 659–661. 10.1096/fj.07-9574LSF.
dos Reis, L.C.R., Facco, E.M.P., Salvador, M., Flôres, S.H., & de Oliveira Rios, A. 2018. Antioxidant potential and physicochemical characterization of yellow, purple and orange passion fruit. J. Food Sci. Technol. 55(7): 2679–2691. 10.1007/s13197-018-3190-2.
Rodrigo, R., Gonzalez, J., & Paoletto, F. 2011. The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Hypertens. Res. 34: 431–440. 10.1007/978-0-387-72347-1_4.
Schulz, M., Borges, G. da S.C., Gonzaga, L.V., Costa, A.C.O., & Fett, R. 2016. Juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Mart.): Sustainable exploitation of a source of bioactive compounds. Food Res. Int. 89: 14–26. 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.07.027.
Schulz, M., Borges, G. da S.C., Gonzaga, L.V., Seraglio, S.K.T., Olivo, I.S., Azevedo, M.S., Nehring, P., de Gois, J.S., de Almeida, T.S., Vitali, L., Spudeit, D.A., Micke, G.A., Borges, D.L.G., & Fett, R. (2015). Chemical composition, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius) during ripening. Food Res. Int. 77: 125–131. 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.006.
Tain, Y. & Huang, L. (2014). Restoration of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine – Nitric Oxide Balance to Prevent the Development of Hypertension. Inernational J. Mol. Sci. 15: 11773–11782. 10.3390/ijms150711773.
Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M., & Moreno, J.J. (2018). Polyphenols, food and pharma. Current knowledge and directions for future research. Biochem. Pharmacol. 156: 186–195. 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.050.
Tsai, W.C., Lin, H.C., Lai, Y.R., Hsu, C.W., Huang, C.C., Wang, H.C., Su, C.M., Su, Y.J., Lin, W.C., Cheng, B.C., Chang, W.N., Lu, C.H., & Tsai, N.W. (2019). The Effect of Stroke Subtypes on Baroreceptor Sensitivity, a Predict for Acute Stroke Outcome. Biomed Res. Int. 2019. Hindawi. 10.1155/2019/7614828.
Udani, J.K., Singh, B.B., Singh, V.J., & Barrett, M.L. (2011). Effects of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry preparation on metabolic parameters in a healthy overweight population: A pilot study. Nutr. J. 10(1): 1–7. 10.1186/1475-2891-10-45.
do Vale, G.T. & Tirapelli, C.R. (2019). Are reactive oxygen species important mediators of vascular dysfunction? Curr. Hypertens. Rev. 15: 1–3. 10.2174/1573402115666190416153638.
Vasquez, E.C., Peotta, V.A. & Meyrelles, S.S. (2012). Cardiovascular Autonomic Imbalance and Baroreflex Dysfunction in the Apolipoprotein E -deficient Mouse. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 900.
Vieira, G.S., Cavalcanti, R.N., Meireles, M.A.A., & Hubinger, M.D. (2013). Chemical and economic evaluation of natural antioxidant extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted and agitated bed extraction from jussara pulp (Euterpe edulis). J. Food Eng. 119(2): 196–204. 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.05.030.
Vignon-Zellweger, N., Relle, K., Rahnenführer, J., Schwab, K., Hocher, B., & Theuring, F. (2014). Endothelin-1 overexpression and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-out induce different pathological responses in the heart of male and female mice. Life Sci. 118(2): 219–225. The Authors. 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.003.
Virdis, A., Duranti, E. & Taddei, S. (2011). Oxidative Stress and Vascular Damage in Hypertension : Role of Angiotensin II. Int. J. Hypertens. 2011: 1–7. 10.4061/2011/916310.
Whelton, P.K., Carey, R.M., Aronow, W.S., Casey, D.E., Collins, K.J., Himmelfarb, C.D., DePalma, S.M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K.A., Jones, D.W., MacLaughlin, E.J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S.D., Spender, C.C., Stafford, R.S., Taler, S.J., & Thomas, R.J. (2018). Guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. Hypertension 71(6): E13–E115. 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065.
Whelton, P.K., Carey, R.M., Aronow, W.S., Ovbiagele, B., Casey, D.E., Smith, S.C.D., Collins, K.J., Spencer, C.C., Himmelfarb, C.D., Stafford, R.S., DePalma, S.M., Taler, S.J., Gidding, S., Thomas, R.J., Jamerson, K.A., Williams, K.A., Jones, D.W., Williamson, J.D., MacLaughlin, E.J., Wright, J.T., Mauri, L., Casey Jr, D.E., KJ, C., C, D.H., SM, D., S, G., KA, J., DW, J., EJ, M., P, M., B, O., Jr, S.C.S.S., CC, S., RS, S., SJ, T., RJ, T., Sr, W.K., JD, W., Jr, W.J., Casey, D.E., Colins, K.J., Himmelfarb, C.D., DePalma, S.M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K.A., Williams, K.A., MacLaughlin, E.J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Jr, S.C.S.S., Spencer, C.C., Stafford, R.S., Taler, S.J., Thomas, R.J., Williams, K.A., Williamson, J.D., Jr, J.T.W., Collins, K.J., Himmelfarb, C.D., DePalma, S.M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K.A., Jones, D.W., MacLaughlin, E.J., Muntner, P., Ovbiagele, B., Smith, S.C.D., Spender, C.C., Stafford, R.S., Taler, S.J., & Thomas, R.J. (2017). Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 71(6): 283. 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065/-/DC1.The.
WHO. 2013. World Health Day 2013 - Hypertension. A Glob. Br. Hypertens.: 9. 10.1136/bmj.1.4815.882-a.
WHO - World Health Organization. (2013). A global brief on Hypertension: Silent killer, global public health crisis. Edited ByWHO - World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.
Witko-Sarsat, V., Friedlander, M., Capeillère-Blandin, C., Nguyen-Khoa, T., Nguyen, A.T., Zingraff, J., Jungers, P., & Descamps-Latscha, B. (1996). Advanced oxidation protein products as a novel marker of oxidative stress in uremia. Kidney Int. 49(5): 1304–1313. 10.1038/ki.1996.186.
Yamaguchi, K.K.D.L., Pereira, L.F.R., Lamarão, C.V., Lima, E.S., & Da Veiga-Junior, V.F. (2015). Amazon acai: Chemistry and biological activities: A review. In Food Chemistry. 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.055.
Yuan, H., Ma, Q., Ye, L., & Piao, G. (2016). The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules 21(5). 10.3390/molecules21050559.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Augusto Altoé Puppin; Cristiane Lyrio da Silva; Silas Nascimento Ronchi; Mirian de Almeida Silva; Ewelyne Miranda de Lima; Bruno Gomes de Oliveira; Wanderson Romão; Nazaré Souza Bissoli; Tadeu Uggere de Andrade; Denise Coutinho Endringer; Girlandia Alexandre Brasil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
