Multifunctionality of methanolic extract of Mitracarpus frigidus for antioxidant, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29567Keywords:
Mitracarpus frigidus; Flavonoids; Antioxidant; Metalloproteases; Nitric Oxide; Sunscreens.Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the flavonoid content in the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM), as well as to evaluate cell viability and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective potential of this extract. Flavonoid content was determined by spectrophotometer assay with aluminum chloride reagent. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the phosphomolybdenum complex and β-carotene/linoleic acid system methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by cell viability assays, dosage of cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels and metalloprotease (MMP) activity. The in vitro photoprotective activity was evaluated by the Mansur and COLIPA methods. The flavonoid content determined for the spectrometric method was 102.46 ± 5.66 mg/g rutin equivalent, respectively. The phosphomolybdenum assay showed 33.80% Relative Antioxidant Activity (RAA) for quercetin and 51.52% RAA for rutin, while the β-carotene/linoleic acid assay obtained 45.10 ± 1.79% inhibition at a concentration of 38.46 µg/mL. The anti-inflammatory activity showed that the extract reduced cellular NO levels and MMP-9 activity at the tested concentrations, without significantly altering MMP-2 activity. The photoprotective activity by the Mansur method obtained low SPF. By COLIPA method, the formulation containing 5% of MFM and 5% of filter obtained SPF of 8.61 ± 0.49, considered acceptable by ANVISA. The results indicate that the species M. frigidus has great potential as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and to compose, as an adjuvant, photoprotective formulations.
References
Adachi, Y. (1995). Dynamic aspects of coagulation and flocculation. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 56, 1-31.
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (2012). Resolução - RDC nº 30, 01 de junho de 2012. Regulamento Técnico Mercosul sobre Protetores Solares em Cosméticos e dá outras providências, Brasília, DF, 01 jul. 2012.
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (2004). Guia de Estabilidade de Produtos Cosméticos, 1, 1-52. Brasília, DF, maio. 2004.
Araújo, A. D. De, Oliveira, F. G. Da S., Lacerda, F. F., Silva, C. E. S. Da, Santos, B. S. Dos, Bezerra-Filho, C. M., Ramos, B. De A., Harand, W., Silva, N. H. Da, Paiva, P. M. G., Almeida, J. R. G. Da S., Silva, M. V. Da & Correia, M. T. Dos S. (2021). Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant, photoprotective and hemolytic activities of ethyl acetate extracts of the fruits and branches from Spondias tuberosa (umbu). Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], 10 (1), e38610111825.
Barboza, J. N., Bezerra Filho, C. S. M., Silva, R. O., Medeiros, J. V. R. & de Sousa, D. P. (2018). An overview on the anti-inflammatory potential and antioxidant profile of eugenol. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 1-9.
Barth, A. L. (2000). Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Fator de proteção solar versus coeficiente de carga de filtros solares químicos: avaliação fotobiológica de uma mistura de filtros solares químicos.
Batista, C. M., Alves, A. V. F., Queiroz, L. A., Lima, B. S., Filho, R. N. P., Araújo, A. A. S., De Albuquerque Júnior, R. L. C. & Cardoso, J. C. (2018). The photoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of red propolis extract in rats. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 180, 198-207.
Cabral, L. D. S.; Pereira, S. O. & Partata, A. K. (2011). Filtros solares e fotoprotetores mais utilizados nas formulações no Brasil. Revista Científica do ITPAC, 4, 1-10.
Carneiro, N.V.Q., Da Silva, H.B.F., Da Silva, R.R., Carneiro, T.C.B., Costa, R.S., Pires, A.O., Marques, C.R., Velozo, E.S., Conceição, A.S. Da Silva, T.M.S., Da Silva, T.M.G., Alcântara-Neves, N.M. & Figueiredo, C.A. (2019). Sambucus australis modulates inflammatory response via inhibition of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kb) in vitro. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 91, 1-12.
De Medeiros, M. A. C., Simões, M. M., Santos, B., Marques, F. M. C., Leite, M. F. M. da S., Oliveira, H. M. B. F. de, Oliveira, V. F. de, Cunha, S. M. D. da, Maia, G. L. de A., Sousa, A. P. de & Oliveira Filho, A. A. de. (2020) Evaluation of the photoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Rhaphiodon echinus Schauer. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], 9 (7), e585974410.
Conrad, M., Kagan, V.E., Bayir, H., Pagnussat, G.C., Head, B., Traber, M.G. & Stockwell, B.R. (2018). Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species. Genes & Development, 32, 602-619.
Cross, R. K. & Wilson, K. T. (2003). Nitric oxide in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 9, 179-189.
Duarte-Almeida, J. M.; Santos, R. J., Genovese, M. I. & Lajolo, F. M. (2006). Avaliação da atividade antioxidante utilizando sistema β -caroteno/ácido linoleico e método de sequestro de radicais DPPH. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 26 (2), 446-452.
Dusse, L. M. S.; Vieira, L. M. & Carvalho, M. G. (2003). Revisão sobre óxido nítrico. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 39 (4), 343-350.
Fabri, R. L., Garcia, R.A., Florêncio, J.R., Pinto, N.C.C., Oliveira, L.G., Aguiar, J.A.K., Ribeiro, A. & Scio, E. (2014). Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus in established animal models. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 66 (5), 722-732.
Fabri, R. L., Nogueira, M.S., Braga, F.G., Coimbra, E.S. & Scio, E. (2009). Mitracarpus frigidus aerial parts exhibited potent antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antioxidant effects. Bioresource Technology, 100 (1), 428-433.
Lemos, A. S. de O., Campos, L. M., Souza, T. F., Paula P. L., Granato, J. T., Da Silva, J. V. G., Aragão, D. M. O., Rocha, V. N., Coimbra, E. S. & Fabri, R. L. (2022). Pharmacological investigation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract from Mitracarpus frigidus (Rubiaceae). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2022, rgac005.
Ferreira, K. C., Oliveira, L. M., Paula, P. L. & Fabri, R. L. (2021). Avaliação do potencial antioxidante in vitro de partições do extrato metanólico das partes aéreas de Mitracarpus frigidus. HU Revista, 47, 1-10.
Freitas, Z. M. F.; Gonçalves, J. C. S.; Santos, E. P. & Vergnanini, A. (2001). Glycerid esters of p-methoxycinnamic acid. A new sunscreen of the cinnamate class. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 23, 147–152.
Grivennikov, S.I., Greten, F.R. & Karin, M. (2010). Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 140, (6), 883–899.
Guinea, M., Franco, V.A., Bazán, L., Martín, I.R. & González, S. (2012). In vivo UVB-photoprotective activity of extracts from commercial marine macroalgae. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50 (3–4), 1109-1117.
Ma, W., Wlaschek, M., Tantcheva-Poor, I., Schneider, L. A., Nader,I.L., Raziwolf, Z., Schuller, J. & Scharffetter-Kochalek, K. (2001). Chronological ageing and photoageing of the fibroblasts and the dermal connective tissue. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 26, 592-599.
Mansur, J. S., Breder, M. N. R., Mansur, M. C. A. & Azulay, R. D. (1986). Determinação do fator de proteção solar por espectrofotometria. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 61 (4), 121-124.
Melo, M. S. O. M. & Mancini Filho, J. (1989). Antioxidantes naturais do fruto do dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Revista de Farmácia e Bioquímica da Universidade de São Paulo, 25 (2), 147-157.
Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P. R. & Van-Beer, T. A. (2004). Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and plant extracts. FoodChemistry, 85 (2), 231-237.
Miura, R.O., Yamagata, S., Miura, Y., Harada, T. & Yamagata, T. (1995). Analysis of glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes by substrate gel electrophoresis (zymography). Analytical Biochemistry, 225, 333-340.
Monteiro, M. S. S. B. (2008). Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Filtros Solares em Nanocosméticos - Desenvolvimento e Avaliação da Segurança e Eficácia.
Nascimento, C. S., Nunes, L. C. C., Lima, Á. A. N. De, Grangeiro Júnior, S. & Rolim Neto, P. J. (2009). Incremento do FPS em formulação de protetor solar utilizando extratos de própolis verde e vermelha. Revista Brasileira de Farmácia, 4, 334-339.
Nascimento, R. J., Araújo, C. R. & Melo, E. A. (2010). Atividade antioxidante de extratos de resíduo agroindustrial de goiaba (Psidiumguajava L.). Alimentos e Nutrição, 21 (2), 209-216.
Pereira, Z.V., De Carvalho-Okano, R.M. & Garcia, F.C.P. (2006). Rubiaceae Juss. da reserva florestal Mata do paraíso, Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 20 (1), 207-224.
Phaniendra, A., Jestadi, D.B. & Periyasamy, L. (2015). Free radicals: Properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 30 (1), 11–26.
Prieto, P., Pineda, M. & Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric Quantitation of Antioxidant Capacity through the Formation of a Phosphomolybdenum Complex: Specific Application to the Determination of Vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 269 (2), 337-341.
Pujada, A., Walter, L., Patel, A., Bui, T., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Denning, T. & Garg, P. (2017). Matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 maintains epithelial barrier function and preserves mucosal lining in colitis-associated cancer. Oncotarget, 8, 94650–94665.
Ribeiro, R. P., Santos, V. M., Medeiros, E. C., Silva, V. A., Volpato, N. M. & Garcia, S. (2004). Avaliação do Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) in vitro de produtos comerciais e em fase de desenvolvimento. Infarma. 16, 7-8.
Ruvolo Júnior, E. C. (1997). Proteção solar: comparação dos métodos de determinação por testes em humanos (in vivo), FDA, COLIPA, SAA. Cosmetics OnLine, 19 (105), 37-46.
Santos, E. P., Freitas, Z. M., Souza, K. R., Garcia, S. & Vergnanini, A. (1999). In vitro and in vivo determinations of sun protection factors of sunscreen lotions with octylmethoxycinnamate. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 21 (1), 1-5.
Seddiki, Y., Silva, H.M. & Silva, F.M. (2017). Antioxidant properties of polyphenols and their potential use in improvement of male fertility: A review. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 1, 612-617.
Shapiro, S. D., Kelley, D. & Kobayashi, D. (2001). Measurement of metalloproteinases. Methods in Molecular Medicine, 56, 383-390.
Silva, J. B., Mendes, R. F., Tomasco, V., Pinto, N. C. C., Oliveira, L. G., Rodrigues, M. N., Aragão, D. M. O., Aguiar, J. A. K., Alves, M. S., Nogueira, M. C., Castañon, M., Ribeiro, A. & Scio, E. (2017). New aspects on the hepatoprotective potential associated with the antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic and anti-inflammatory activities of Vernonia condensata Baker. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 198, 399–406.
Souza, F. P., Campos, G. R. & Packer, J. F. (2013). Determinação da atividade fotoprotetora e antioxidante em emulsões contendo extrato de Malpighia glabra L. – Acerola. Revista de Ciências Farmacêuticas Básica e Aplicada, 34 (1), 69- 77.
Souza, S. R. P., Fischer, F. M. & Souza, J. M. P. (2004). Bronzeamento e risco de melanoma cutâneo: revisão da literatura. Revista de Saúde Pública, 38 (4), 588-598.
Springsteen, A., Yurek, R., Frazier, M. & Carr. K. F. (1999). In vitro measurement of sun protection factor of sunscreens by diffuse transmittance. Analytica Chimica Acta, 380 (2-3), 155-164.
Suárez, D.F., Consuegra, J., Trajano, V.C., Gontijo, S.M.L., Guimarães, P.P.G., Cortés, M.E., Denadai, Â.L. & Sinisterra, R.D. (2014). Structural and thermodynamic characterization of doxycycline/β-cyclodextrin supramolecular complex and its bacterial membrane interactions. Colloids and Surface B. 118, 194-201.
Urban, A. M., Swiech, J. N. D., Moraes, G. S., Paludo, K., Ito, C. A. S., Dias, J. de F. G., Montrucchio, D. P., Miguel, O. G. & Miguel, M. D. (2021). Cantinoa althaeifolia essential oil: chemical composition and biological, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], 10 (2), e9910212040.
Vijay, K. (2018). Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future. International Immunopharmacology, 59, 391-412.
Widel, M., Krzywon, A., Gajda, K., Skonieczna, M. & Rzeszowska-Wolny, J. (2014). Induction of bystander effects by UVA, UVB, and UVC radiation in human fibroblasts and the implication of reactive oxygen species Free Radical. Biology and Medicine, 68, 278-287.
Wu, Q., Yu, J., Li, M., Tan, L., Ren, X., Fu, C., Chena, Z., Cao, F., Ren, J., Li, L., Liang, P., Zhang, Y. & Meng, X. (2018). Nanoengineering of nanorattles for tumor treatment by CT imaging-guided simultaneous enhanced microwave thermal therapy and managing inflammation. Biomaterials, 179, 122-133.
Zeraik, M. L. (2010). Tese de Doutorado em Química Analítica. Estudo analítico dos flavonoides dos frutos do maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Thayná Gomes Ferreira; Thalita de Freitas Souza; Matheus Torres Branca; Priscila de Paula Lima; Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos; Lara Melo Campos; Luciana Moreira Chedier; Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
