“COLOR REVOLUTIONS”: “stagings” to the cameras, hashtag joy, joy, from the “shadows” we strike democracy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.31135Keywords:
Color Revolution; Hybrid Warfare; Democracy; Coup d'etat.Abstract
Starting in the 2000s, a series of mass demonstrations led to changes in governments in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, North Africa and Latin America. These large protests became known as the “color revolution”. According to the traditional press, such actions were carried out by different social segments that were unhappy with their governments, as well as protesting against dictatorships. However, there is evidence that “color revolutions” are geopolitical tools that make use of the democratic system to change governments. Therefore, the objective of this discussion is to reflect on aspects of the infrastructure that provide conditions for the “color revolutions” to be prepared and then executed, we will demonstrate how some actors move on the “surface” and in the “shadows” of the international network that operates the “color revolutions”. To achieve the objective, we carried out bibliographic research, as well as, we theoretically support the theory of Hybrid War.
References
André, L. A. (2020). Ensaio - Guerra Híbrida à Brasileira: Das Jornadas de 2013 às perspectivas para a próxima década!. RM Editoriais & Revisões.
Arquilla, J.; Ronfeldt, D. F. (2000). Swarming and the Future of Conflict. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
Barbosa, L. C. B. (2018). Conquistando Corações e Mentes: uma análise da National Endowment for Democracy (NED) no Equador (2006-2016). (Tese de doutorado). Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, SC.
Beissinger, M. R. (2007). “Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena: The Diffusion of the Bulldozer/Rose/Orange/Tulip Revolutions”. Perspectives on Politics 5 (2): 259-276. Copy at http://https://tinyurl.com/y8h5gy6e
Carvalho, D. V. (2019). Na rota das contra-revoluções "coloridas". https://resistir.info/v_carvalho/c_revolucoes_coloridas.html
Carothers, T. Taking stock of democracy assistence. In: COX, M.; IKENBERRY, G. J.; INOGUCHI, T. (Ed.). American democracy promotion: impulses, strategies and impacts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Engdahls, F. W. (2016). Washington Tries to Break BRICS – Rape of Brazil Begins. http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article45561.htm
Ehret M. (2019) As origens anglo-americanas das revoluções coloridas & da NED. https://resistir.info/crise/rev_coloridas_17ago19.html
Endahl, F. W. (2020). A Revolução Colorida da própria América | William Engdahl. Dossier Sul. https://dossiersul.com.br/a-revolucao-colorida-da-propria-america-william-engdahl/
Engdahl, F. W. (2009). Full Spectrum Dominance: Totalitarian Democracy. In The New World Order. Edition Engdahl Wiesbaden.
Fagundes, G. K. (2020). A tentativa de Golpe de Estado na Nicarágua em 2018, (Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso). Departamento de História. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegra, RS.
Sharp, G. (2010). Da ditadura à Democracia. Uma Estrutura Conceitual para a Libertação. East Boston: The Albert Einstein Institution.
Sharp, G. (2010). There Are Realistic Alternatives. Boston: Albert Einstein Institution.
Scherer, C. (2015). Revoluções Coloridas na Sérvia, Geórgia, Azerbaijão e Bielorrússia (2000-2006): Promoção à democracia ou mudança de regime? (Trabalho de conclusão). Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS.
Sporri, M. (2015). Engeneering Revolution – The Paradox of Democracy Promotion in Serbia. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Sussman, G; Krader, S. (2008). Template Revolutions: Marketing U.S. Regime Change in Eastern Europe. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 5 (3), pp. 91–112.
Balleteros, C. (2018). Trump State Department Accused of Abandoning Global Democracy in New Budget. https://www.newsweek.com/state-department-democracy-promotion-funding-rex-tillerson-830858>.
Bandeira, L. A. M. A (2014). Segunda Guerra Fria: geopolítica e dimensão estratégica dos Estados Unidos - das rebeliões na Eurásia à África do Norte e ao Oriente Médio. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira.
Nicarágua. Golpe de Estado (2018). UNAN Delinquents Stage an Attack. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vb72PP4Td9E>.
Crozier, M. Huntington, S. P., Watanuki, J. The Crisis of Democracy. https://archive.org/details/TheCrisisOfDemocracy-TrilateralCommission-1975/page/n1/mode/2up
Floresti, F. (2018). Manifestações de 'Junho de 2013' completam cinco anos: o que mudou? https://revistagalileu.globo.com/Revista/noticia/2018/06/manifestacoes-de-junho-de-2013-completam-cinco-anos-o-que-mudou.html
Jornal do Comércio (2019). Guarda-chuva se firma como símbolo em novos protestos. https://www.jornaldocomercio.com/_conteudo/internacional/2019/06/688870-guarda-chuva-se-firma-como-simbolo-em-novos-protestos.html
Lit-Qi (2018). 5 anos de revolução ucraniana: subestimada, incompreendida e caluniada. https://www.pstu.org.br/5-anos-da-revolucao-ucraniana-subestimada-incompreendida-e-caluniada/
Leirner, P. C. (2020). O Brasil no espectro de uma guerra híbrida: militares, operações psicológicas e política em uma perspectiva etnográfica. São Paulo: Alameda.
Ortega, F. A. (2009). As Revoluções Coloridas e seus reflexos em política externa. (Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais). PPG-RI San Tiago Dantas, São Paulo, SP.
Mackinder, H. (1904). The Geographical Pivot of History. https://www.iwp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/20131016_MackinderTheGeographicalJournal.pdf
Korybko, A. (2015). Guerras híbridas, das revoluções coloridas aos golpes. 2018. Editora Expressão Popular.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Roberto Mauro da Silva Fernandes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.