The influence of physical-chemical and socioeconomic factors on the water quality of the Doce River basin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31778Keywords:
Water pollution; Doce river hydrographic basin; Water quality.Abstract
The disaster of the mining tailings dam in Fundão, by Empresa Samarco Mineração S/A in Minas Gerais (MG), generated environmental, social and economic impacts throughout the Doce river basin (BHRD). Thus, the objective of this work was to relate environmental and socioeconomic variables that influence water quality (IQA). For this, 5 municipalities that make up the southeast section of the BHRD in MG were selected, between the years 2010 to 2020. The methodology used was the regression of data in a dynamic panel, in which the dependent variable was the water quality index (IQA) and the explanatory variables were the average annual precipitation (P) and the indices: i) treatment with treated water (IATA); ii) service with sanitary sewage (IATES); iii) municipal development (ID); iv) trophic state (IET); v) organic enrichment (EO); vi) toxic substances (ST) and vii) contamination by toxic substances (CT). As a result, all estimated parameters were significant (p-value < 0.05), which may indicate assertiveness regarding the choice of variables. In the model generated from the regression, it was mostly obtained an expected theoretical relationship between the IQA and the explanatory variables, except for P, CT and ST, probably due to the lack of consideration of seasonality and the high values after the rupture of the dam of Fundão tailings. These results were promising in highlighting the environmental and socioeconomic variables that influence water quality. Therefore, this work can be an important tool in encouraging public policies to maintain water quality.
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