Cytotoxic effects of bleaching agents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.33923Keywords:
Tooth whitening; Cytotoxicity; Hydrogen peroxide; Carbamide peroxide; Pulp reaction.Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of carbamide peroxide (CP) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching agents, and their manifestations on teeth. Methods: A literature review was performed on the Pubmed database, using the following descriptors: tooth whitening, cytotoxicity, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide and pulpal reaction. 29 articles were selected. Review: The most commonly used tooth whitening gels are CP and HP, which achieve the same results at different application times. The inappropriate use of bleaching agents may cause adverse effects, such as cytotoxicity in the pulp tissue, causing from an inflammatory reaction to pulp necrosis, where dental sensitivity was the most common manifestation. HP in higher concentrations is indicated for office techniques, and implies a greater
possibility of cytotoxic effect on the pulp tissue, especially if associated with the use of light source, and should also consider the thickness of the dentin in the dental element. Conclusion: Among the different bleaching agents, the use of CP (10%) in home bleaching will result in less cytotoxic effects on teeth, with effective bleaching action, and HP (17.5%) in office bleaching is less cytotoxic when compared to the conventional HP method (35%).
References
Alqahtani, M. Q. (2014). Tooth-bleaching procedures and their controversial effects: A literature review. The Saudi Dental Journal, 26(2), 33-46.
Araújo, E., Marson, F. C., Araujo, F. de O., Sensi, L. G., de Andrada, M. A. C. (2006). Is there any space left for home-bleaching in the age of laser-activated bleaching?. Rev Dental Press Estét, 3, 89-98.
Araújo, E., Marson, F. C., Vieira, L. C., Sensi, L. G. (2008). Clinical evaluation of in- -offi ce dental bleaching treatments with and without the use of light-activa tion sources. Oper Dent, 33(1), 15-22.
Attin, T., Buchalla, W. (2006). External bleaching therapy with activation by heat, light or laser--a systematic review. Dent Mater, 23(5), 586-96.
Baratieri, L.N., Monteiro, Jr.S., Andrada, M.A.C., Vieira, L.C.C. (1993). Clareamento dental. La edição. Chicago, quint publ co.
Baratieri, L. N., Monteiro, J. S. (2015). Odontologia Restauradora: Fundamentos e Possibilidades. 2. ed. Grupo Editorial Nacional/Editora Santos.
Barboza, A. C. S., Briso, A. F. L., da Silva, L. M. A. V., Cintra, L. T. A., Gallinari, M. de O., dos Santos, P. H., de Alcantara, S., Fagundes, T. C. (2020). Evaluation of the color change and tooth sensitivity in treatments that associate violet LED with carbamide peroxide 10 %: A randomized clinical trial of a split-mouth design. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 30, Jun.
Batista, A. C., Estrela, C., Torres, E. M., de Souza, J. B., Lopes, L. G., Vaz, M. M., Costa, N. L., Cardoso, P. C. (2016). Inflammatory response of human dental pulp to at-home and inoffice tooth bleaching. The Journal of Applied Oral Science, 24(5), 509-517.
Bona, V. S., Monteiro, R. V., Monteiro-Junior, S. (2022). Influence of gel thickness on tooth bleaching efficacy. Research, Society and Development, 11(9), 1-9.
Briso, A. L. F., Duque, C. C. de O., Costa, C. A. de S., Soares, D. G., Hebling, J., Leite, M. L., Ribeiro, R. A. de O., Ortecho-zuta, U. (2021). Polymeric biomaterials maintained the esthetic efficacy and reduced the cytotoxicity of in-office dental bleaching. J Esthet Restor Dent, 33(8), 49-1139.
Cividini, L. C., Martini, E. C., Chemin, K., Kohler, P. K. (2019). Effectiveness and sensitivity of dental bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 10% and 35% - case reports. Revista Journal of Health, 3(1), 10-15.
Costa, C. A. de S., Riehl, H., Kina, J. F., Hebling, J., Sacono, N. T. (2010). Human pulp responses to in-office tooth bleaching. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 109(4), 59-64.
Costa, C. A. de S., Soares, D. G., Basso, F. G., Hebling, J. (2014). Concentrations of and application protocols for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels: Effects on pulp cell viability and whitening efficacy. Journal Of Dentistry, 42(2), 185-98.
Costa, C. A. de S., Soares, D. G., Pontes, E. C. V., Basso, F. G., Hebling, J., Garcia, L. da F. R. (2014). Effective tooth-bleaching protocols capable of reducing H2O2 diffusion through enamel and dentine. Journal Of Dentistry, 42(3), 351-58.
Costa, C. A. de S., Soares, D. G., Basso, F. G., Hebling, J., Marcomini, N., Pansani, T. N. (2016). Indirect cytocompatibility of a low-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel to odontoblast-like cell. Int Endod J, 49(1), 26-36.
Costa, C. A de S., Duque, C. C. de O., Soares, D. G., Bordini, E., Basso, F. G., Hebling, J., Leite, M. L., Ortecho-zuta, U. (2016). Effects of Enzymatic Activation of Bleaching Gels on Hydrogen Peroxide Degradation Rates, Bleaching Effectiveness, and Cytotoxicity. Oper Dent, 44(4), 414-423.
Dahl, J. E., Pallesen, U. (2003). Tooth bleaching--a critical review of the biological aspects. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine: An Official Publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists, 14(4), 292–304.
de Freitas, A. P., Maia, C. C., Fontes, C. M., Soares, F. F., de Souza, J. A. C., Cunha, L. G. (2008). Bleaching In Vital Teeth: A Literary Review. Rev. Saude. Com. USEB, 4(1), 72-84.
de Lima, A. F., Costa, C. A. de S., Lessa, F. C. R., Marchi, G. R., Hebling, J., Mancini, M. N. G. (2009). Cytotoxic Effects of Different Concentrations of a Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching Gel on Odontoblast-Like Cells MDPC-23. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 90(2), 12-907.
de Sousa, J. D., Arcuri, T. (2019). O efeito dos agentes clareadores na microdureza e rugosidade superficial do esmalte dental humano. Revista Odontologica Planal Cent, 8(1), 19-23.
Dietschi, D., Krejci, I., Benbachir, N. (2010). In vitro colorimetric evaluation of th efficacy of home bleaching and over-the-counter bleaching products. Quintessence International, 41(6), 505–516.
Duque, C. C. de O., Costa, C. A. de S., Soares, D. G., Hebling, J., Basso, F. G. (2014). Bleaching effectiveness, hydrogen peroxide diffusion, and cytotoxicity of a chemically activated bleaching gel. Clin Oral Invest, 18(6), 1631-637.
Facundo, A. C. da S., Briso, A. L. F., Ervolino, E., Benetti, F., Gomes-filho, J. E., Ferreira, L. L., Cintra, L. T. A., Rahal, V. (2013). The Number of Whitening Sessions Influences Pulp Tissue Damage to Rat Teeth. J Endod, 39(12), 80-1576.
Fausto, H. V. C., Aras, W, M. de F., de Almeida, E. S. (2017). Dental whitening: with or without photoactivation?. Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, 26(2), 150-154.
Gomes, A., Reis, A., Acunã, E. D., Loguercio, A. D., Borges, C. P. F., Parreiras, S. O., Cruz, G. P., Favoreto, M. W. (2019). In-office bleaching with a commercial 40% hydrogen peroxide gel modified to have different pHs: Color change, surface morphology, and penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber. Journal Of Esthetic And Restorative Dentistry, 34(2), 322-327.
Haywood, V.B., Heymann, H.O. (1989). Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence International, 20(3), 173-176.
Joiner, A. (2006). The bleaching of teeth: A review of the literature. Journal of Dentistry, 34(7), 412-19.
Kihn, P. W., Vital tooth whitening. Dental Clinics of North America, 51(2), 319–331.
Loguercio, A. D., reis, A., Kossatz, D., de Geus, J. L., Rezende, M. Clinical Evaluation of Genotoxicity of In-office Bleaching. Oper Dent, 41(6), 578-586.
Majeed, A., Farooq, I., Rossouw, R. J., Grobler, S. R. (2015). Tooth-bleaching: A review of the efficacy and adverse effects of various tooth whitening products. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 25(12), 1-4.
Masotti, A. S., Soares, C. G., Conceição, E. N., Rolla, J. N., Nunes, M.F. (2009). Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Two In-office Bleaching Techniques Using a Hydrogen Peroxide Based Product. Rev Fac Odontol., 50(2), 8-11.
Matis, B.A., Blackman, D., Schultz, F. A., Eckert, G. J., Gaiao, U. (1999). In vivo degradation of bleaching gel used in whitening teeth. J. Am. Dent. Assoc,130(2), 227-235.
Melfi, R.C., Robertson, W.D. (1980). Pulpal response to vital bleaching procedures. Journal Of Endodontics, 10(7), 645-49.
Reis, A., Loguercio, A. D., Costa, C. A. de S., Roderjan, D. A., Hebling, J., Stanislawczuk, R. (2015). Response of Human Pulps to Different In-Office Bleaching Techniques: Preliminary Findings. Braz Dent J, 26(3), 8- 242.
Ribeiro, A. P. D., Costa, C. A. de S., Coldebella, C. R., Soares, D. G. S., Hebling, J., Sacono, N. T. (2010). Transenamel and transdentinal cytotoxicity of carbamide peroxide bleaching gels on odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Int Endod J, 44(2), 116-25.
Ribeiro, A. P. D., Costa, A. S., Coldebella, C. R., Trindade, Z. T., Hebling, J., Sacono, N. T. (2009). Trans-enamel and trans-dentinal cytotoxic effects of a 35% H2O2 bleaching gel on cultured odontoblast cell lines after consecutive applications. Braz Dent J, 20(4), 267-74.
Ribeiro, A. P. D., Costa, C. A. S., Huck, C., Riehl, H., Kina, J. F., Sacono, N. T., Martinez, T. C. (2010). Response of human pulps after professionally applied vital tooth bleaching. International Endodontic Journal, 43(7), 572-80.
Ribeiro, A. P. D., Costa, C. A. de S., Soares, D. G., Vargas, F. da S., Hebling, J. (2013). Efficacy and cytotoxicity of a bleaching gel after short application times on dental enamel. Clin Oral Invest, 17(8), 1901–1909.
Siew, C. (2000). Guidelines for the acceptance of tooth-whitening products. American Dental Association, 28(20), 44-7.
Strassler, H. (2012). Fundamentals of Tooth Whitening. Inside Dental Assiting, 8(1).
Thiesen, C. H., Prates, L. H. M., Sartori, N., Filho, R. R. (2013). The influence of desensitizing dentifrices on pain induced by inoffice bleaching. Brazilian Oral Research, 27(6), 517-523.
Tabchoury, C. P. M., Da Silva, D. P., Wada, E. E., Giannini, M.; Kury, M., Cavalli, V. (2020). Effect of violet LED light on in-office bleaching protocols: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 28.
Vieira, A. C., Silva, I. S. N., Almeida, I. O., Palmeira, L. M. V., Santos, L. C. S., Nery, M. S., Oliveira, M. C. S., de Souza, M. L., Dourado, V. C. (2015). Adverse Effects Of Vital Teeth Bleaching. Odontologia Clínico-Científica, 14(4), 809-812.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Gabriela Roedel; Kauana Schreiber; Isabel Cristina Gavazzoni Bandeira de Andrade; Vitor Schweigert Bona
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
