Association between educational level and premature death from cardiovascular diseases in adults in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.36025Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease; Education; Premature mortality and poverty.Abstract
Introduction: The cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered the leading cause of death in the world, being considered a public health problem, the concern increases as currently the number of deaths in younger individuals and in vulnerable groups. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the level of education and premature death from cardiovascular diseases in adults. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study of analytical nature, resulting from data from the Mortality Information System of Brazil in 2018. For statistical analysis, a bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and later a multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to control for confounding and modifying factors, adjusting the proportional mortality ratio (PRM) values. Result: 452,282 deaths were analyzed; 16.7% of which were attributed to cardiovascular diseases, regarding the level of education, a higher prevalence of death from CVD diseases (17.3%) was observed in illiterate or with primary schools’ education and male (62.8%). After full adjustment for possible confounding factors, illiteracy or having only elementary education remained strongly associated with the risk of dying prematurely from CVD (RMP =1.31; 95% CI 1.27-1.24, p<0.000). Gender interacted with education level: where female subjects (RMP=1.30, 95% CI1.27-1.35). Conclusion: The mortality rate from cardiovascular disease is high among poorly educated people, suggesting a multisectoral approach (access to education and health) targeting vulnerable people.
References
Alter, D. A., & Eny, K. (2005). The Relationship Between the Supply of Fast-food Chains and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(3), 173–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03403684
Bennett, J. E., Stevens, G. A., Mathers, C. D., Bonita, R., Rehm, J., Kruk, M. E., Riley, L. M., Dain, K., Kengne, A. P., Chalkidou, K., Beagley, J., Kishore, S. P., Chen, W., Saxena, S., Bettcher, D. W., Grove, J. T., Beaglehole, R., & Ezzati, M. (2018). NCD Countdown 2030: Worldwide trends in non-communicable disease mortality and progress towards Sustainable Development Goal target 3.4. The Lancet, 392(10152), 1072–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31992-5
de Andrade Martins, W., Luiza Garcia Rosa, M., Cardoso de Matos, R., Douglas de Souza Silva, W., Marques de Souza Filho, E., José Lagoeiro Jorge, A., Luiz Ribeiro, M., & Nani Silva, E. (2019). Tendência das Taxas de Mortalidade por Doença Cardiovascular e Câncer entre 2000 e 2015 nas Capitais mais Populosas das Cinco Regiões do Brasil: Mortalidade por doença cardiovascular e câncer. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20180304
Ferraz, E. M., Arruda, P. C. L. de, Bacelar, T. S., Ferraz, Á. A. B., Albuquerque, A. C. de, & Leão, C. S. (2003). Tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida. Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, 30(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-69912003000200004
Istilli, P. T., Teixeira, C. R. de S., Zanetti, M. L., Lima, R. A. D., Pereira, M. C. A., & Ricci, W. Z. (2020). Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 73(2), e20180440. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0440
Kac, G., & Velásquez-Meléndez, G. (2003). A transição nutricional e a epidemiologia da obesidade na América Latina. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 19, S4–S5. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2003000700001
Kelli, H. M., Kim, J. H., Samman Tahhan, A., Liu, C., Ko, Y., Hammadah, M., Sullivan, S., Sandesara, P., Alkhoder, A. A., Choudhary, F. K., Gafeer, M. M., Patel, K., Qadir, S., Lewis, T. T., Vaccarino, V., Sperling, L. S., & Quyyumi, A. A. (2019). Living in Food Deserts and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(4), e010694. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.010694
Mahmood, S. S., Levy, D., Vasan, R. S., & Wang, T. J. (2014). The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: A historical perspective. The Lancet, 383(9921), 999–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61752-3
Malta, D. C., Felisbino-Mendes, M. S., Machado, Í. E., Passos, V. M. de A., Abreu, D. M. X. de, Ishitani, L. H., Velásquez-Meléndez, G., Carneiro, M., Mooney, M., & Naghavi, M. (2017). Fatores de risco relacionados à carga global de doença do Brasil e Unidades Federadas, 2015. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 20(suppl 1), 217–232. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201700050018
Martins, S. M. (2020). Morte por Câncer e Doença Cardiovascular entre Dois Brasis: Morte por câncer e doença cardiovascular. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200017
Morris, A. A., McAllister, P., Grant, A., Geng, S., Kelli, H. M., Kalogeropoulos, A., Quyyumi, A., & Butler, J. (2019). Relation of Living in a “Food Desert” to Recurrent Hospitalizations in Patients With Heart Failure. The American Journal of Cardiology, 123(2), 291–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.10.004
Neumann, A. I. C. P., Martins, I. S., Marcopito, L. F., & Araujo, E. A. C. (2007). Padrões alimentares associados a fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares entre residentes de um município brasileiro. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 22(5), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-49892007001000006
Neumann, A. I. de L. C. P., Philippi, S. T., Cruz, A. T. R., Morimoto, J. M., & Fisberg, R. M. (2000). A pirâmide alimentar na orientação nutricional de indivíduos portadores de doenças cardiovasculares. Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr, 7–17. http://sban.cloudpainel.com.br/files/revistas_publicacoes/9.pdf
OPAS. (2020). Doenças cardiovasculares—OPAS/OMS | Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. https://www.paho.org/pt/topicos/doencas-cardiovasculares
Rezende, L. F. M. de, Azeredo, C. M., Canella, D. S., Luiz, O. do C., Levy, R. B., & Eluf-Neto, J. (2016). Coronary heart disease mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality attributable to dietary intake over 20years in Brazil. International Journal of Cardiology, 217, 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.176
Ribeiro, A. L. P., Duncan, B. B., Brant, L. C. C., Lotufo, P. A., Mill, J. G., & Barreto, S. M. (2016). Cardiovascular Health in Brazil: Trends and Perspectives. Circulation, 133(4), 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008727
Schmidt, M. I., Duncan, B. B., e Silva, G. A., Menezes, A. M., Monteiro, C. A., Barreto, S. M., Chor, D., & Menezes, P. R. (2011). Chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: Burden and current challenges. The Lancet, 377(9781), 1949–1961. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60135-9
Segall-Corrêa, A. M., Marin-León, L., Melgar-Quiñonez, H., & Pérez-Escamilla, R. (2014). Refinement of the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale: Recommendation for a 14-item EBIA. Revista de Nutrição, 27(2), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000200010
Sharkey, J. R., Horel, S., Han, D., & Huber, J. C. (2009). Association between neighborhood need and spatial access to food stores and fast food restaurants in neighborhoods of Colonias. International Journal of Health Geographics, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-8-9
Yusuf, S., Joseph, P., Rangarajan, S., Islam, S., Mente, A., Hystad, P., Brauer, M., Kutty, V. R., Gupta, R., Wielgosz, A., AlHabib, K. F., Dans, A., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., Oguz, A., Kruger, I. M., Diaz, R., Yusoff, K., & Dagenais, G. (2020). Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): A prospective cohort study. The Lancet, 395(10226), 795–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Audêncio Victor; Ana Raquel Manuel Gotine; Manuel Mahoche; Melsequisete Daniel Vasco ; Sancho Pedro Xavier ; Patrícia Rondo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
