The effects of alcohol consumption on the hypertrophy process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.38324Keywords:
Hypertrophy; Muscle mass; Alcohol; Ethanol; Protein synthesis.Abstract
The use of alcohol is widespread in sports and is often used as a form of celebration or relaxation by practitioners of physical exercises who, for the most part, tend to consume larger volumes than non-active individuals, without reflecting on the effects that can be caused by this intake. Based on the relevance of the topic, the aim of this study was to clarify the effects of alcohol consumption on the hypertrophy process. The present study was carried out through a literature review, the information was obtained from scientific books; of journals and scientific research sites on the internet, considering the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages for research, with the search terms registered in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS). Focusing on analyzing the interaction with mechanisms involved in protein signaling and other key variables for muscle hypertrophy, as well as the impacts generated by consumption and the risks involved in sports performance. In general, acute alcohol consumption, often consumed by athletes, potentially affects protein synthesis, sleep quality, hormonal and immune function, hydration status, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), so that the risk of muscle injuries can be increased, as well as the recovery process. Consumption should be discouraged and more studies are needed, mainly with the administration of moderate to low doses, for a better understanding of the generated effects.
References
Amorim, A. G. & Tirapegui, J. (2008). Aspectos atuais da relação entre exercício físico, estresse oxidativo e magnésio. Brazilian journal of nutrition, 21(5), 563-575. https://www.scielo.br/j/rn/a/kxKcfZbzLvQ9rcK6VgDG34S.
Barnes, M. (2014). Alcohol: impact on sports performance and recovery in male athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(7), 909-19. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-014-0192-8.
Bianco, A., Thomas, E., Pomara, F., Tabacchi, G., Karsten, B., Paoli, A. & Palma, A. (2014). Alcohol consumption and hormonal alterations related to muscle hypertrophy: a review. Nutrition & Metabolism, 11(26), 1-8. https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-11-26.
Cederbaum, A. (2012). Alcohol metabolism. Clin Liver Dis, 16(4), 667-685. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484320.
Chennaoui, M., Vanneau, T., Trignol, A., Arnal, P., Gomez-Merino, D., Baudot, C., Perez, J., Pochettino, S., Eirale, C., & Chalabi, H. (2021). How does sleep help recovery from exercise-induced muscle injuries? Journal of science and medicine in sport, 24(10), 982–987. https://www.jsams.org/article/S1440-2440(21)00132-8/fulltext.
Dumont, N.A., Bentzinger, C.F., Sincennes, M.C. and Rudnicki, M.A. (2015). Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. In Comprehensive Physiology, 5(3), 1027-1059. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cphy.c140068.
Duplanty A., Budnar, R. G., Luky, H. Y., Levitt, D. E., Hill, D. W., Mcfarlin, B. K., Huggett, D. B. & Vingren, J. L. (2017). Effect of Acute Alcohol Ingestion on Resistance Exercise–Induced mTORC1 Signaling in Human Muscle. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(1), 54-61. https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2017/01000/Effect_of_Acute_Alcohol_Ingestion_on_Resistance.7.aspx.
Ebrahim, I. O., Shapiro, C. M., Williams, A. J. & Fenwick, P. B. (2013). Alcohol and Sleep I: Effects on Normal Sleep. Alcoholism clinical & experimental research, 37(4), 539-549. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acer.12006.
Fonseca, C. F. & Rodrigues, F. F. (2018). Ação do etanol no fígado. Altus Ciência, 7(7), 75-90.
Guyton, A. C. & Hall, J. E. (2017). Tratado de fisiologia médica. (13td ed.), Fisiologia da membrana, do nervo e do músculo (pp. 70-83). Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier.
Instituto Brasieliro de Geografia e Estatística: PNS. (2019). Pesquisa nacional de saúde. Brasil:IBGE.
Instituto Brasileiro do Fígado. (2021). Instituto Brasileiro do Fígado. Brasil. https://ibrafig.org.br/noticias/mais-da-metade-da-populacao-brasileira-consome-bebidas-alcoolicas-todos-os-dias-e-maioria-desconhece-impacto-na-saude-do-seu-figado-revela-pesquisa-datafolha-para-ibrafig.
Kimball, S. (2013). Integration of signals generated by nutrients, hormones, and exercise in skeletal muscle. Am J Clin Nutr, 99(1), 237-242.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3862457.
Lakicevic, N. (2019). The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Recovery Following Resistance Exercise: A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol, 4(3), 41. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7739274/?report=reader.
Lima-Silva, A. E. Fernandes T. C., De Oliveira, R. F., Nakamura, F. Y., & Gevaerd, M. S. (2007). Metabolismo do glicogênio muscular durante o exercício físico: mecanismos de regulação. Rev. Nutr, 20(4), 17-429. https://www.scielo.br/j/rn/a/ZHW7bgsHV3NLGJkV8HcK6kn.
Mcardle, W. D., Katch, F. I. & Katch, V. L. (2016). Fisiologia do exercício: nutrição, energia e desempenho humano (8th ed.), Músculo Esquelético: Estrutura e função (pp.360-383). Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
Mendes, R. M. & Miskulin, R. G. S. (2017). A análise de conteúdo como uma metodologia. Cadernos de Pesquisa, 47(165), 1044-1066. https://www.scielo.br/j/cp/a/ttbmyGkhjNF3Rn8XNQ5X3mC.
Molina-Hidalgo, C., De-la-O, A., Jurado-Fasoli, L., Amaro-Gahete, F. J., & Castillo, M. J. (2019). Beer or Ethanol Effects on the Body Composition Response to High-Intensity Interval Training. The BEER-HIIT Study. Nutrients, 11(4), 909. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521009.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2007). Metabolismo do álcool: uma atualização. Rockville. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa72/aa72.htm.
Oliveira, D. G., Almas, S. P., Duarte, L. C., Dutra, S. C. P., Oliveira, R. M. S., Nunes, R. M. & Nemer, A. S. A. (2014). Consumo de álcool por frequentadores de academia de ginástica. J Bras Psiquiatr, 63(2),127-132. https://www.scielo.br/j/jbpsiq/a/NLc7pPGVcw63yqLVTRB539m/abstract/?lang=pt.
Organização Mundial da Saúde: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (OPAS). (2018). Uso nocivo de álcool mata mais de 3 milhões de pessoas a cada ano; homens são a maioria. Brasil. https://www.paho.org/pt/noticias/21-9-2018-uso-nocivo-alcool-mata-mais-3-milhoes-pessoas-cada-ano-homens-sao-maioria.
Parr, E., Camera, D. M., Areta, J. L., Burke, L. M., Phillips, S. M., Hawley, J. A. & Coffey, V. G. (2014). Alcohol Ingestion Impairs Maximal Post-Exercise Rates of Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis following a Single Bout of Concurrent Training. Plos One, 9(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922864.
Pruznak, A. M., Nystrom, Jay. & Lang, C. H. (2012) Direct central nervous system effect of alcohol alters synthesis and degradation of skeletal muscle protein. Alcohol Alcohol, 28(2),138 -145.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3571205.
Rother, E. T. (2007). Revisão sistemática X Revisão narrativa. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 20(2). https://www.scielo.br/j/ape/a/z7zZ4Z4GwYV6FR7S9FHTByr.
Siecaniek, C. (2017). The Effects of Alcohol on Athletic Performance. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 3(4). https://www.nsca.com/education/articles/nsca-coach/the-effects-of-alcohol-on-athletic-performance2.
Silva, A., Fonseca, N. & Gagliardo, L. (2012). A associação da orientação nutricional ao exercício de força na hipertrofia muscular. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 6(36), 389-397. http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/340/328.
Smith, H. A., Hengist, A., Bonson, D. J., Walhin, J., Jones, R., Tsintzas, K., Afman, G. H., Gonzalez, J. T. & Betts, J. A. (2021). Muscle Glycogen Utilization during Exercise after Ingestion of Alcohol. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 53(1), 211-217.https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2021/01000/Muscle_Glycogen_Utilization_during_Exercise_after.25.aspx.
Steiner, J. L. & Lang, C. H. (2015). Dysregulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism by alcohol. American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 308(9), 699-712. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420901.
Steiner, J. L., & Lang, C. H. (2015). Alcohol intoxication following muscle contraction in mice decreases muscle protein synthesis but not mTOR signal transduction. Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 39(1), 1–10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4308817.
Tortora, G. J.& Derrickson, B. (2016). Princípios de anatomia e fisiologia (14th ed.), Tecido e Sistema Muscular (pp. 296-332). Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
Vieira, J. M. F. (2012). Metabolismo do etanol (Doutorado em Ciências Farmacêuticas). Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal. https://bdigital.ufp.pt/handle/10284/3757.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Amanda Borba Lago Alves Cardoso; Mariana Oliveira Câmara; Simone Gonçalves de Almeida
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
