Epidemiological indicators of canine piometra: An analysis of main components in the case of cases assisted in the northeast region of Pará
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i17.38996Keywords:
Canine; Castration; Epidemiology; Cystic endometrial hyperplasia.Abstract
Pyometra is the endometrial disorder of greatest clinical importance in small animals. The realization of studies with the purpose of obtaining epidemiological data related to the occurrence of pyometra in bitches are fundamental. The objective was to determine epidemiological indicators of canine pyometra using the statistical method of principal component analysis and to characterize the set of parameters that facilitate the diagnosis and a possible clinical-epidemiological profile, through the casuistry attended in university veterinary hospitals in the northeastern region of Pará. A total of 142 medical records in two university veterinary hospitals were consulted. A total of 18 variables were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and descriptive statistics. The PCA identified three groups of epidemiological indicators that together explained 71.05% of the variability of the data. The first group (abdominal pain, abdominal distension, critical condition and leukocytosis), the second (apathy, anorexia, pyometra type, and vaginal discharge) and the third (age, race, parity and pseudocyesis). It was observed that 47.7% of the bitches were five to 10 years old, 63.8% were of undefined breed and 62.4% were nulliparous (p<0.05). The pyometra of the open type presented a frequency of 82.4% (p<0.05). The variables pain, abdominal distension and leukocytosis are indicators of severe stage disease. The variables apathy, anorexia/hyporexia and vaginal secretion are indicators of disease in mild stage and the variables age and race act as epidemiological indicators of predisposition. Moreover, it was identified that the clinical-epidemiological profile of affected animals is of middle-aged, non-breed, nulliparous bitches with open pyometra.
References
Costa, A. S., Silva, M. E. M., Santos, T. R., Bisinoto, M. B., Tsuruta, S. A., Borges, S. B. A. & Saut, J. P. E. (2019). A retrospective study of reproductive disorders in female dogs from the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40: 2299-2308.
Costa, S. P., Mariano, D. B. & Monteiro, R. C. P. (2020). Estudo retrospectivo da casuística de piometra em cadelas atendidas em hospital veterinário escola no período de cinco anos. Revista Saúde-UNG-Ser, 13(2): 81.
Dyba, S.; Hadi, N. I. I. A., Dalmolin, F. & Oliveira, C. R. (2018). Hiperplasia endometrial cística/piometra em cadelas: estudo retrospectivo de 49 casos no sudoeste do paraná. In: Anais do Congresso Nacional de Medicina Veterinária FAG, 2(1).
Egenvall, A., Hagman, R., Bonnett, B. N., Hedhammar, A., Olson, P. & Lagerstedt, A. S. (2001). Breed risk of pyometra in insured dogs in Sweden. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 15(6): 530-538.
Evangelista, L.S.M. (2009) Alterações clínicas e laboratoriais em cadelas com piometra antes e após ovariossalpingohisterectomia. Veterinária.
Feldman, E. C. & Nelson, R.W. (1996). Canine e Feline Endonology and Reprodution, 2˚ed. Phyladelphia: WB Saunders Company, 618 p.
Fieni, F., Topie, E. & Gogny, A. (2014). Medical treatment for pyometra in dogs. Reproduction in domestic animals, 49: 28-32.
Gibson, A., Dean, R., Yates D. & Stavisky J. (2013). A retrospective study of pyometra at five RSPCA hospitals in the UK: 1728 cases from 2006 to 2011. Veterinary record, 173(16): 396-396.
Griffiths, L. & Kanagasundaram, N. S. (2011). Assessment and initial management of acute kidney injury. Medicina, 37(7): 390-398.
Hagman, R. (2004). New Aspects of Canine Pyometra. Habilitation Thesis. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Acta Universitatis Agriculturae, Suecia.
Hagman, R. & Greko, C. (2005). Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from bitches with pyometra and from urine samples from other dogs. Veterinary record, 157(7): 193-197.
Hagman, R., Lagerstedt, A. S., Hedhammar, A. & Egenvall, A. (2011). A breed-matched case-control study of potential risk-factors for canine pyometra. Theriogenology, 75(7): 1251-1257.
Hagman, R. (2012). Clinical and molecular characteristics of pyometra in female dogs. Reprodution Domestic Animals, 47(6): 323-325.
Hagman, R. (2017). Canine pyometra: What is new? Reproduction in domestic animals, 52: 288-292.
Hagman, R. (2018). Pyometra in small animals. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 48(4): 639-661.
Honório, T. G. A. F., Fonseca, A. P. B., Araújo, E. K. D., Moura, V. M., Chaves, R. A. A., Rodrigues, M. C. & Klein R. P. (2017) Implicações patológicas após o uso de anticoncepcional, em cadelas situadas em Teresina – PI. PUBVET, 11(2): 176-180.
Inei. (2002). Guia para la aplicación del analisis multivariado a las encuestas de hogares. Direccion Tecnica de Demografia e Indicadores Sociales. Lima, Peru, Janeiro.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. (2013) Diretoria de pesquisas, coordenação de trabalho e rendimento: pesquisa nacional de saúde. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2013. https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv94522.pdf.
Jitpean, S, Hagman, R., B; Strom, Holst, B. S., Hoglund, O.V., Pettersson, A. & Egenvall, A. (2012). Breed variations in the incidence of pyometra and mammary tumours in Swedish dogs. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47(6): 347-350.
Jitpean, S., Strom-Holst, B., Emanuelson, U., Hoglund, O. V., Pettersson, A., Alneryd-Bull, C. & Hagman, R. (2014). Outcome of pyometra in female dogs and predictors of peritonitis and prolonged postoperative hospitalization in surgically treated cases. BMC veterinary research, 10(1): 1-12.
Jitpean, S., Ambrosen, A., Emanuelson, U. & Hagman, R. (2016). Closed cervix is associated with more severe illness in dogs with pyometra. BMC veterinary research, 13(1): 1-7.
Junqueira, A. N. N. (2017). Características da população de cães e gatos domiciliados do Brasil. 2017. 38 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ciências animais) – Faculdade de agronomia e medicina veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Kenney, K. J., Matthiesen, D. T., Brown, N. O. & Bradley, R. L. (1987) Pyometra in cats: 183 cases (1979-1984). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 191(9): 1130-1132.
Khalid, A. & Naqvi, I. (2016). Relationship between pet attachment and empathy among young adults. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 26(1): 66.
Kumar, A. & Saxena, A. (2018). Canine pyometra: Current perspectives on causes and management–A review. The Indian journal of veterinary sciences and biotechnology, 14(1): 52-56.
Kumar, P., Shukla, S. N. & Shrivastava, M. J. (2019). An incidence of cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex in female dogs. Pharma Innov J, 8(6): 522-6.
Martins, L. R., Okamoto, C. E., Addeo, P. M. D., Ponchirolli, C. B., Alvarenga, F. L. & Lopes, M. D. (2002). Correlação entre a ocorrência de piometra em cadelas nulíparas e multíparas submetidas ou não ao tratamento com anticoncepcionais. In: Mostra de iniciação científica. Botucatu: 6., 2002, Botucatu. Anais… UNESP.
Maya-Pulgarin, D., Gonzalez-Dominguez, M. S., Aranzazu-Taborda, D., Mendoza, N. & Maldonado-Estrada, J. G. (2017). Histopathologic findings in uteri and ovaries collected from clinically healthy dogs at elective ovariohysterectomy: a cross-sectional study. Journal of veterinary science, 18(3):407-414.
McCobb, E., Dowling-Guver, S., Pailler, S., Intarapanich, N. P. & Rozanski, E. (2022). Surgery in a veterinary outpatient community medicine setting has a good outcome for dogs with pyometra. Journal of the American Veterinar Medical Association, 260: 1-6.
Norusis, M.J. (1990). SPSS Base System User’s Guide. Chicago: SPSS. 520 f.
Nunes, T. F., Brunetta, D. M., Leal, C. M., Pisi, P. C. & Roriz-Filho, J. S. (2010). Insuficiência renal aguda. Biblioteca Escolar em Revista, 43(3): 272-282.
Ortega-Pacheco, A., Gutiérrez-Blanco, E. & Jiménez-Coello, M. (2012). Common lesions in the female reproductive tract of dogs and cats. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 42(3): 547-559.
Oliveira, E. C. S. & Marques, J. R. (2006). Endocrinologia reprodutiva e controle da fertilidade da cadela. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 30(1): 11–18.
Oliveira, R. G., Teixeira, A. W. P. A. S., Oliveira, B. T. N. & Bezerra, S. T. D. C. S. (2019). Piometra em cadela com complicação renal. Ciência Animal, 29(1): 135-145.
Ramos, L. T. & Leite, A. K. R. M. (2016). Perfil da população canina diagnosticada com piometra atendida na unidade hospitalar veterinária da Universidade Estadual do Ceará no período de janeiro a agosto de 2012. Revista cientifica eletrônica de Medicina Veterinária, 1-10.
Rédua, C. R. O. & Bueno, L. C. V. (2020). Uso e consequências dos principais métodos contraceptivos em cadelas na região do Distrito Federal. Revista Ciência e Saúde Animal, 2(1).
Rencher, A. C. (2002). Methods of Multivariate Analysis. A JOHN WILEY & SONS. Inc. Publication.p.727. 2ed.
Santanna, M. C., Giordano, L. G. P., Flaiban, K. K. M. C., Muller, E. E. & Martins, M. I. M. (2014). Prognostic markers of canine pyometra. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 66: 1711-1717.
Santos, D. & Rosa, P. R. B. (2016). Estudo dos efeitos dos contraceptivos. Ciências Agrárias e da Saúde, p. 68.
Solano, N., Cahua, J., Gonzáles, A. & Gavidia, C. (2019). Frecuencia de piometra en perras pacientes de la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos durante el periodo 2009-2013. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú, 30(1): 512-516.
Siqueira, V. C. & Santis B. P. A. (2020). Bem-Estar animal para clínicos veterinários. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 3(2): 1713-1746.
Smith, F. O. (2006). Canine pyometra. Theriogenology, 66(3): 610-612.
Stalliviere, F. M., Dalla R., L., Bellato, V., Souza, A. P., Sartor, A. A. & Moura, A. B. (2013). Helmintos intestinais em cães domiciliados e aspectos socioeconômicos e culturais das famílias proprietárias dos animais de Lages, SC, Brasil. Archives of Veterinary Science, 18(3).
Trall, M. A. (2007). Hematologia e Bioquímica Clínica Veterinária. 1.ed. São Paulo. Rocca, p.63 – 188.
Verstegen, J., Dhaliwal, G. & Verstegen-Onclin, K. (2008). Mucometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and pyometra in the bitch: advances in treatment and assessment of future reproductive success. Theriogenology, 70(3): 364-374.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ana Caroline Alves da Silva; Felipe Masiero Salvarani; Leandro Nassar Coutinho; Marco Augusto Machado Silva; Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
