Evaluation of beta-alanine supplementation in sports performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i6.42214Keywords:
Carnosine; Dietary supplements; Beta-alanine; Athletic performance; Fatigue.Abstract
Beta-alanine supplementation has been widely used as a dietary supplement to improve physical performance. Its positive effects are associated with increased muscle carnosine, which provides greater resistance and reduced fatigue during training in different sports. That said, this article aims to presents a narrative review that explores the benefits of beta-alanine supplementation on sports performance and its influence on body composition. The review also focuses on the role of beta-alanine in the formation of carnosine, a dipeptide compound naturally present in the human body. The results highlight that beta-alanine has benefits in physical performance, with only one easily avoided side effect, contributing to the improvement of endurance and reduction of muscle fatigue during resistance training. The investigated studies demonstrate that beta-alanine supplementation contributes to the better development of exercise, raising carnosine levels and minimizing the feeling of fatigue, resulting in improved physical performance.
References
Abe, H. (2000). Role of histidine-related compounds as intracellular proton buffering constituents in vertebrate muscle. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia, 65(7), 757–765. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10951092/
Ashtary-Larky, D., Bagheri, R., Ghanavati, M., Asbaghi, O., Wong, A., Stout, J. R., & Suzuki, K. (2022). Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on body composition: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 19(1), 196–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2022.2079384
Bellinger, P. M., & Minahan, C. L. (2016). Additive Benefits of β-Alanine Supplementation and Sprint-Interval Training. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(12), 2417–2425. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001050
Berti Zanella, P., Donner Alves, F., & Guerini de Souza, C. (2017). Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on performance and muscle fatigue in athletes and non-athletes of different sports: a systematic review. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(9), 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06582-8
Cardoso, H. C., Condessa, J. P. M., & Souza, M. L. R. de. (2022). A suplementação de beta-alanina na performance esportiva: uma revisão sistemática. RBNE - Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, 16(98), 169–179. http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/1996
Cesak, O., Vostálová, J., Vidlar, A., Bastlova, P., & Student, V. (2023). Carnosine and Beta-Alanine Supplementation in Human Medicine: Narrative Review and Critical Assessment. 15(7), 1770–1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071770
Church, D. D., Hoffman, J. R., Varanoske, A. N., Wang, R., Baker, K. M., La Monica, M. B., Beyer, K. S., Dodd, S. J., Oliveira, L. P., Harris, R. C., Fukuda, D. H., & Stout, J. R. (2017). Comparison of Two β-Alanine Dosing Protocols on Muscle Carnosine Elevations. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 36(8), 608–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1335250
Dolan, E., Swinton, P. A., Painelli, V. de S., Stephens Hemingway, B., Mazzolani, B., Infante Smaira, F., Saunders, B., Artioli, G. G., & Gualano, B. (2019). A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral β-Alanine Supplementation. Advances in Nutrition, 10(3), 452–463. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmy115
Harris, R. C., Jones, G. A., Kim, H. J., Kim, C. K., Price, K. A., & Wise, J. A. (2009). Changes in muscle carnosine of subjects with 4 weeks supplementation with a controlled release formulation of beta‐alanine (CarnosynTM), and for 6 weeks post. The FASEB Journal, 23(S1).
https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.599.4
Hill, C. A., Harris, R. C., Kim, H. J., Harris, B. D., Sale, C., Boobis, L. H., Kim, C. K., & Wise, J. A. (2006). Influence of β-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle
carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids, 32(2), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0364-4
Huerta Ojeda, Á., Tapia Cerda, C., Poblete Salvatierra, M. F., Barahona-Fuentes, G., & Jorquera Aguilera, C. (2020). Effects of Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Physical Performance in Aerobic–Anaerobic Transition Zones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 12(9), 2490. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092490
Lancha Junior, A. H., de Salles Painelli, V., Saunders, B., & Artioli, G. G. (2015). Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Intracellular and Extracellular Buffering Capacity During High-Intensity Exercise. Sports Medicine, 45(S1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0397-5
Maté-Muñoz, J. L., Lougedo, J. H., Garnacho-Castaño, M. V., Veiga-Herreros, P., Lozano-Estevan, M. del C., García-Fernández, P., de Jesús, F., Guodemar-Pérez, J., San Juan, A. F., & Domínguez, R. (2018). Effects of β-alanine supplementation during a 5-week strength training program: a randomized, controlled study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0224-0
Perim, P., Marticorena, F. M., Ribeiro, F., Barreto, G., Gobbi, N., Kerksick, C., Dolan, E., & Saunders, B. (2019). Can the Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation Be Optimized? Frontiers in Nutrition, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2019.00135
Rezende, N. S., Swinton, P., Oliveira, L. F. de, Silva, R. P. da, Silva, V. da E., Nemezio, K., Yamaguchi, G., Artioli, G. G., Gualano, B., Saunders, B., & Dolan, E. (2020). The Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation: A Systematic Review With Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis. 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00913
Roveratti, M. C., Jacinto, J. L., Oliveira, D. B., da Silva, R. A., Andraus, R. A. C., de Oliveira, E. P., Ribeiro, A. S., & Aguiar, A. F. (2019). Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle function during recovery from resistance exercise in young adults. Amino Acids, 51(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-018-02686-y
Sahlin, K. (2014). Muscle Energetics During Explosive Activities and Potential Effects of Nutrition and Training. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.z.), 44(Suppl 2), 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0256-9
Saunders, B., De Salles Painelli, V., De Oliveira, L. F., Da Eira Silva, V., Da Silva, R. P., Riani, L., Franchi, M., Gonçalves, L. D. S., Harris, R. C., Roschel, H., Artioli, G. G., Sale, C., & Gualano, B. (2017). Twenty-four Weeks of β-Alanine Supplementation on Carnosine Content, Related Genes, and Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49(5), 896–906. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001173
Saunders, B., Elliott-Sale, K., Artioli, G. G., Swinton, P. A., Dolan, E., Roschel, H., Sale, C., & Gualano, B. (2017). β-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(8), 658–669. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096396
Suzuki, Y., Nakao, T., Maemura, H., Sato, M., Kamahara, K., Morimatsu, F., & Takamatsu, K. (2006, February 2). Carnosine and anserine ingestion enhances contribution of nonbicarbonate buffering. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2006/02000/Carnosine_and_Anserine_Ingestion_Enhances.21.aspx
Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stout, J. R., Hoffman, J. R., Wilborn, C. D., Sale, C., Kreider, R. B., Jäger, R., Earnest, C. P., Bannock, L., Campbell, B., Kalman, D., Ziegenfuss, T. N., & Antonio, J. (2015). International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y
Varanoske, A. N., Hoffman, J. R., Church, D. D., Coker, N. A., Baker, K. M., Dodd, S. J., Oliveira, L. P., Dawson, V. L., Wang, R., Fukuda, D. H., & Stout, J. R. (2017). β -Alanine supplementation elevates intramuscular carnosine content and attenuates fatigue in men and women similarly but does not change muscle l -histidine content. Nutrition Research, 48, 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.002
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Eduardo Figueirêdo dos Santos; Luana Bernardes de Oliveira; Maína Ribeiro Pereira-Castro
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
