Mechanisms of action and indication of Botulinum Toxin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i6.42223Keywords:
Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Face; Muscle relaxation.Abstract
Botulinum toxin plays a crucial role in orofacial harmonization, providing diverse aesthetic and therapeutic benefits. The treatment of wrinkles and facial lines is one of the main applications, as botulinum toxin relaxes the muscles responsible for these wrinkles, resulting in a rejuvenated appearance. In addition, botulinum toxin is used in the treatment of conditions such as bruxism and temporomandibular joint disorders, reducing muscle hyperactivity and relieving associated pain. The mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin involve the inhibition of acetylcholine release in nerve terminals. The toxin binds to presynaptic receptors, preventing the fusion of acetylcholine vesicles with the cell membrane and reducing its release. This results in a decrease in muscle contraction, preventing unwanted hyperactivity. In addition, botulinum toxin can also reduce the activity of the sweat glands, being used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. It is important to note that the action of botulinum toxin is temporary, as the body is able to regenerate nerve endings and restore muscle function over time. Therefore, the administration of botulinum toxin must be carried out by trained professionals, taking into account the adequate dose, the correct application technique and the individualized evaluation of each patient. Periodic reapplications are necessary to maintain the desired results. Thus, the objective of this work is to carry out a narrative review of the literature that addresses the mechanisms of action of botulinum toxin and its relevance for dentists specializing in orofacial harmonization.
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