Botulinum toxin type A in orofacial harmonization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42394Keywords:
Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Face; Rejuvenation.Abstract
Botulinum toxin (TXB) is a neurotoxin that has been used therapeutically since the 1970s to inhibit the release of acetylcholine (ACH) in skeletal muscles. TXB type A has been widely used in orofacial harmonization (HOF) and in aesthetic procedures, such as the treatment of wrinkles and facial lines, in addition to presenting functional applications in the fight against migraines, muscle spasms and hyperhidrosis. Its action occurs through the cleavage of proteins related to the transport and release of neurotransmitters, interrupting synaptic neural transmission in muscles and innervated structures. In the aesthetic field, it is indicated to treat wrinkles, crow's feet, nasolabial folds and gummy smile, while in the functional context it covers migraines, muscle spasms, bruxism and hyperhidrosis. However, its prolonged use can result in complications, such as muscle atrophy and compensatory hypertrophy in adjacent muscles. TXB works by inhibiting ACH release, which leads to localized muscle relaxation and smoothing of the overlying skin. Its pharmacology, particularly the structure composed of heavy chain and light chain, interferes with receptors in nerve terminals, blocking the fusion of synaptic vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters. Despite its effectiveness, its use requires caution due to the possible associated complications. Therefore, the objective of this research is, through a narrative review of the literature, to analyze the use and mechanism of action of TXB, focusing on its application in HOF.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Caroline Cristina Siviero Campos; Roberto Teruo Suguihara; Daniella Pilon Muknicka
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