Diagnosis of oral lichen planus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42698Keywords:
Oral lichen planus; Diagnosis differential; Oral manifestations.Abstract
Oral lichen planus is an autoimmune disease, clinically visible as whitish streaks called Wickham's striae and which, although it has no defined etiology, is associated with some possible causal factors, such as: emotional conditions, use of some dental materials, medications, harmful habits and as a result of trauma. It tends to manifest itself in six different ways: plaque-like (white lesions), papular, ulcerative, atrophic, bullous (red lesions) and reticular, which is the most common and frequent. It is not a rule, but in some cases the appearance of signs and symptoms are common, such as pain, sensation of roughness, alteration in the perception of flavors and skin reactions. Its diagnosis is formed by a set of actions. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical and histological characteristics, its etiology, its intra and extra oral manifestations, as well as its signs and symptoms, in order to establish its differential diagnosis. To develop the review, a search was made for articles published between 2013 and 2023, which were in Portuguese or English, disregarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, in the end, 37 articles were used for its construction. It is concluded from the analysis of the articles that the diagnostic method is a consensus among the authors, through the correlation of clinical and histological characteristics, patient history and use of medications and, when necessary, a biopsy should be performed so that immunofluorescence can be performed. direct to distinguish diseases that have the same characteristics and tend to cause confusion in the diagnostic process. More in-depth studies on the subject are required.
References
Afonso, Á. O., Carneiro, K. H. da S., Santos, F. M. dos., Rocha, P. V. G. da., Araújo , F. R. da C., Silva, L. P. da., Rico, C. M., Silva, G. S., Melazzo, G. G. F., & Gonçalves Júnior, H. de S. (2022). Oral and maxillofacial manifestations of Celiac Disease. Research, Society and Development, 11(12), e296111234636. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34636
Alrashdan, M. S., Cirillo, N., & McCullough, M. (2016). Oral lichen planus: a literature review and update. Archives of dermatological research, 308(8), 539–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-016-1667-2
Araneda, Sebastián, Castillo, Christian, Venegas, Bernardo, & Kemmerling, Ulrike. (2020). Probable Association Between Oral Lichen Planus and presence of Helicobacter Pylori : A Preliminary Study in a Chilean Population. International journal of odontostomatology, 14(1), 131-135. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2020000100131
Binda, N. C., Binda, A. L. C., Pinho, R. A. de., Ramalho, M. A., Leão, G. C., Girard, B. P., Silva, R. B., Silva, M. K. G. Da., Fernandes, N. D. L.,
Fernandes, J. D. L., Sousa, Z. da S., Monteiro, M. S., Coêlho, L. P. I., Barros, L. S. de A., Moreira, T. P. C., Costa, A. M., & Leão, M. J. da R. (2021). Potentially malignant lesions of the maxillofacial region. Research, Society and Development, 10(11), e185101119452. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i11.19452
Binda, N. C., Sá, A. C. S. F. de., Borba, T. O. da S., Franco, A. G., Reis, J. L., Girard, B. P., Fernandes, N. D. L., Fernandes, J. D. L., Silva, J. V. L., Galvão, M. V. de A., Sales Junior, R. de O., Costa, J. M., Lima, T. M. S. S., Moreira, T. P. C., & Binda, A. L. C. (2021). Benign white lesions of the oral mucosa: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Research, Society and Development, 10(13), e534101321526. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21526
Carrozzo, M., Porter, S., Mercadante, V., & Fedele, S. (2019). Oral lichen planus: A disease or a spectrum of tissue reactions? Types, causes, diagnostic algorhythms, prognosis, management strategies. Periodontology 2000, 80(1), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12260
Casparis, S., Borm, J. M., Tektas, S., Kamarachev, J., Locher, M. C., Damerau, G., Grätz, K. W., & Stadlinger, B. (2015). Oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), oral dysplasia, and oral cancer: retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data from 2002-2011. Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 19(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-014-0469-y
Chanprapaph, K., Tankunakorn, J., Suchonwanit, P., & Rutnin, S. (2021). Dermatologic Manifestations, Histologic Features and Disease Progression among Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Subtypes: A Prospective Observational Study in Asians. Dermatology and therapy, 11(1), 131–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-020-00471-y
Cheng, Y. S., Gould, A., Kurago, Z., Fantasia, J., & Muller, S. (2016). Diagnosis of oral lichen planus: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 122(3), 332–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2016.05.004
Chiang, C. P., Yu-Fong Chang, J., Wang, Y. P., Wu, Y. H., Lu, S. Y., & Sun, A. (2018). Oral lichen planus - Differential diagnoses, serum autoantibodies, hematinic deficiencies, and management. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi, 117(9), 756–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2018.01.021
Cichońska, D., Komandera, D., Mazuś, M., & Kusiak, A. (2022). Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CUS) as an Interdisciplinary Diagnostic Challenge: A Literature Review. International journal of molecular sciences, 23(22), 13772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213772
Durigon, M., Trentin, M. S., Silva, S. O. da, De Carli, J. P., & Neves, M. (2015). Líquen plano oral: reconhecendo a doença e suas características básicas. Salusvita. https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-758315
Ferreira, N. M., Seixas, Z. de A., & Oliveira Júnior, L. P. R. de. (2022). Applicability of ozone therapy in the treatment of oral lesions: An integrative review. Research, Society and Development, 11(11), e589111133991. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33991
Gade, L. P., Lunawat, S. D., Jagtap, K. S., Choudhary, S. H., Mahajani, M., & Kadam, V. D. (2021). Incidence of grinspan syndrome among tribal and suburban population of Maharashtra - A cross sectional study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, 32(1), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_649_19
Hamour, A. F., Klieb, H., & Eskander, A. (2020). Oral lichen planus. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 192(31), E892. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.200309
Ion, D. I., & Setterfield, J. F. (2016). Oral Lichen Planus. Primary dental journal, 5(1), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/205016841600500104
Jurczyszyn, K., & Kozakiewicz, M. (2019). Differential diagnosis of leukoplakia versus lichen planus of the oral mucosa based on digital texture analysis in intraoral photography. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine: official organ Wroclaw Medical University, 28(11), 1469–1476. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/104524
Kökten, N., Uzun, L., Karadağ, A. S., Zenginkinet, T., & Kalcıoğlu, M. T. (2018). Grinspan's Syndrome: A Rare Case with Malignant Transformation. Case reports in otolaryngology, 2018, 9427650. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9427650
Lira, R. M., Oliveira, C. R. R. de., Kotovicz, L. B. de M., Omena, A. M. A. de., Abreu, E. M. V. de., & Ferreira, S. M. S. (2022). Systemic Lupus Erythemathosus and Oral Lichen Planus overlap syndrome: case report. Research, Society and Development, 11(6), e23911628978. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i6.28978
Maity, S., Banerjee, I., Sinha, R., Jha, H., Ghosh, P., & Mustafi, S. (2020). Nikolsky's sign: A pathognomic boon. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 9(2), 526–530. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_889_19
McParland, H. (2016). Oral Lichenoid and Lichen Planus-like Lesions. Primary dental journal, 5(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/205016841600500103
Müller, S. (2017). Oral lichenoid lesions: distinguishing the benign from the deadly. Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 30(s1), S54–S67. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2016.121
Netto, J. de N. S., Pires, F. R., Costa, K. H. A., & Fischer, R. G. (2022). Clinical features of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: an oral pathologist’s perspective. Brazilian Dental Journal, 33(3), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202204426
Nogueira, P. A., Carneiro, S., & Ramos-e-Silva, M. (2015). Oral lichen planus: an update on its pathogenesis. International journal of dermatology, 54(9), 1005–1010. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12918
Olson, M. A., Rogers, R. S., 3rd, & Bruce, A. J. (2016). Oral lichen planus. Clinics in Dermatology, 34(4), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.023
Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Parreira, F. J., & Shitsuka, R. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica.
Pires, A. L. P. V., Simoura, J. A. da S., Sena, A. S., Alves, L. D. B., Lima-Arsati, Y. B. de O., & Freitas, V. S. (2020). Perfil clínico-epidemiológico do Líquen Plano Oral em uma população do Nordeste do Brasil. Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia, Medicina Dentária e Cirurgia Maxilofacial, 61(4), 175-180. Epub 30 de dezembro de 2020. https://doi.org/10.24873/j.rpemd.2020.11.720
Redman, R. S., Diehl, S. R., Jones-Richardson, T., Silva, R. G., Yeh, C. K., Malley, K. J., Farish, S. E., Duffy, M. B., Craig, R. M., & Winn, D. M. (2023). Follow-up study of veterans with white and red oral mucosal lesions at Veterans Affairs Dental Clinics. Clinical and experimental dental research, 9(1), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.677
Rodrigues, R. R., Pinheiro, J. C., Silva, G. G., Barboza, C. A. G., & Leite, R. B. (2020). Oral lichen planus with cutaneous manifestations: case report with emphasis on dental diagnostic criteria. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 56, e2072020. https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20200030
Rossi, S. S. de., & Ciarrocca, K. (2014). Oral lichen planus and lichenoid mucositis. Dental clinics of North America, 58(2), 299–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2014.01.001
Saglam, E., Ozsagir, Z. B., Unver, T., Alinca, S. B., Toprak, A., & Tunali, M. (2022). Differential diagnosis between pemphigoid and erosive lichen planus. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 30, e20210657.res. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0657.res
Shavit, E., Hagen, K., & Shear, N. (2020). Oral lichen planus: a novel staging and algorithmic approach and all that is essential to know. F1000Research, 9, F1000 Faculty Rev-206. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18713.1
Silva, W. R., Lima-Souza, R. A. de, Silva, L.P., Filho, L.G., Montenegro, L.T., & Iglesias, D.P. (2023). Mucocutaneous diseases with manifestations in the head and neck region: 24 years of experience in a Dermatology service. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 28(2), e126–e130. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.25549
Stoopler, E. T., Charmelo-Silva, S., Bindakhil, M., Alawi, F., & Sollecito, T. P. (2020). Oral Lichen Planus Pemphigoides: Three Cases of a Rare Entity. The American Journal of dermatopathology, 42(6), 467–469. https://doi.org/10.1097/DAD.0000000000001585
Vasco, I. F. de M., Malta, S. S. O., Oliveira, C. V. R. L. de., Mota, K. R., Silva, I. C. F. da., & Santos, L. C. O. dos. (2021). Oral Plan associated with psychogenic factors: Case report. Research, Society and Development, 10(3), e43010313178. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13178
Werneck, J. T., Miranda, F. B. de., & Silva Junior, A. (2016). Desafios na distinção de lesões de Líquen Plano Oral e Reação Liquenóide. Revista brasileira de odontologia, 73(3), 247. https://doi.org/10.18363/rbo.v73n3.p.247
Woo S. B. (2019). Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Premalignancy. Head and neck pathology, 13(3), 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-019-01020-6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Gislaine Aparecida Ferreira; Bruna Mota Gonçalves Pinto; Cibelle Colares de Paula
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
