The use of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of Postmenopausal Genitourinary Syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i4.45679Keywords:
Menopausal genitourinary syndrome; CO2 laser; Menopause.Abstract
This literature review aims to discuss the relevance and benefits of using CO2 laser in the treatment of postmenopausal genitourinary syndrome (GSM). This syndrome is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, such as vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, atrophy and reduced elasticity of vaginal tissues, caused by the reduction in estrogen levels after menopause. In this sense, given the need for non-hormonal therapeutic alternatives and the search for safe and effective treatments for GSM, the fractional CO2 laser appears as an innovative and promising approach. This approach, according to recent studies, has been shown to be an effective therapeutic option in treating the syndrome, despite still being a method little used due to the high cost of the instruments required for this procedure.
References
Alexiades, M. (2011). Fractional resurfacing. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, 19(2), 247-260.
Bachmann, G., et al. (2015). Vulvovaginal atrophy. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1(15004).
Behnia-Willison, F., Sarraf, S., Miller, J., Mohamadi, B., Care, A. S., Lam, A., Willison, N., Behnia, L., & Salvatore, S. (2017). Safety and long-term efficacy of fractional CO2 laser treatment in women suffering from genitourinary syndrome of menopause. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 213, 39–44.
Catorze, M. G. (2009a). Laser: fundamentos e indicações em dermatologia. Medicina Cutánea Ibero-Latino-Americana, 37(1), 5-27.
Catorze, M. G., et al. (2009b). Laser de CO2: aplicações terapêuticas em dermatologia. Medicina Cutánea Ibero-Latino-Americana, 37(1), 28-42.
Chung, Y.-J., Shim, S., Kim, S., Cha, J., Song, J.-Y., Kim, M. J., & Kim, M.-R. (2023). Fractional CO2 laser treatment is safe and effective for the management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in Korean women. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12, 3679.
Elsaie, M. L., & Choudhary, S. (2012). Lasers for treatment of melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery, 5(2), 93-103.
Goldstein, A. T., & Marinoff, S. C. (2020). Initial management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors: a comprehensive approach. Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society.
Hantash, B. M., Bedi, V. P., Kapadia, B., et al. (2007). In vivo histological evaluation of a novel ablative fractional resurfacing device. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 39(2), 96-107.
Manstein, D., Herron, G. S., Sink, R. K., Tanner, H., & Anderson, R. R. (2004). Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 34(5), 426-438.
Orringer, J. S., Rittie, L., Baker, D., et al. (2010). Molecular mechanisms of nonablative fractionated laser resurfacing. British Journal of Dermatology, 163(3), 632-638.
Pitsouni, E., Grigoriadis, T., Tsiveleka, A., Zacharakis, D., Salvatore, S., & Athanasiou, S. (2016). Microablative fractional CO2-laser therapy and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause: An observational study. Maturitas, 94, 131–136.
Portman, D. J., & Gass, M. L. S. (2014). Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: new terminology for vulvovaginal atrophy. Menopause, 21(10), 1063-1068.
Santoro, N. (2015). Menopausal hormone therapy and the primary prevention of chronic conditions: Recommendations of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society.
Sándor, A., & Tamás, P. (2019). A vaszkularizáltabb és innerváltabb szövetek kezelése frakcionált CO2 mikroablatív lézerrel a postmenopauzális genitourináris szindróma tüneteinek enyhítésére. Orvosi Hetilap, 160(41), 1617-1622.
Sokol, E. R., & Karram, M. M. (2017). Use of a novel fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: 1-year outcomes. Menopause, 24, 810–814.
The North American Menopause Society. (2017). The 2017 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause, 24(7), 728-753.
Tierney, E. P., Hanke, C. W., & Watkins, L. (2014). Laser treatment of traumatic scars with an emphasis on ablative fractional laser resurfacing: consensus report. JAMA Dermatology, 150(2), 187-193.
Trelles, M. A., & Mordon, S. (2002). Erbium:YAG and CO2 laser resurfacing: current technologies and applications. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 3(2), 89-99.
Waibel, J. S., Mi, Q. S., & Ozog, D. (2011). Laser scar revision: a review. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 13(2), 54-62.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Thiago Vinícius Santana Costa; Manoel Ângelo Rodrigues Grego; Leonardo Brito Barros; Hilário Gurgel da Cunha Netto; Pedro Henrique Lyra Figueirôa; Manoella Ferreira Donato; Júlia Rocha Maciel; Luiza Branco Sabino; Maria Luíza Marques Mendonça Martins; Mariana Queiroz de Assis; Giulia Lara Ribeiro de Oliveira; João Fábio Lucena Barros
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.