The anxiety disorder and different forms of treatment: A narrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i7.46406Keywords:
Anxiety; Mental health; Antidepressant agents; Anxiolytics.Abstract
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive and difficult-to-control worries that cause significant distress and impair various aspects of an individual's life. The search for effective treatment strategies is crucial to alleviate symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. The aim of this study is to elucidate the pathophysiology of anxiety and identify the different treatments for GAD. The methodology includes an integrative literature review, using databases such as PubMed Central®, SciELO, and Virtual Health Library. Articles addressing GAD and its therapies were selected. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) stands out as the first-choice therapy, complementing the use of drugs and lifestyle changes. Medications from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) class emerge as the main option due to their excellent efficacy and milder adverse effect profile. In summary, an integrated approach combining pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological interventions, and phytotherapy treatments is crucial for the effective management of anxiety disorders. Thus, these multifaceted strategies aim to comprehensively address the challenges of anxiety, promoting more robust and resilient mental health.
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Pearson.
Baldaçara, L., Grudtner, R. R., da S. Leite, V., Porto, D. M., Robis, K. P., Fidalgo, T. M., Rocha, G. A., Diaz, A. P., Meleiro, A., Correa, H., Tung, T. C., Malloy-Diniz, L., Quevedo, J., & da Silva, A. G. (2021). Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 2. Screening, intervention, and prevention. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(5), 538–549. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1108.
Chaves, S. C. S., Nobrega, M. P. S. S., & Silva, T. S. (2019) Intervenções não farmacológicas ofertadas ao usuário com transtorno mental comum na atenção primária à saúde. J. nurs. health. 9(3):e199302.
Costa, C. O. da, Branco, J. C., Vieira, I. S., Souza, L. D. de M., & Silva, R. A. da. (2019). Prevalência de ansiedade e fatores associados em adultos. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 68(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1590/00472085000000232.
D. V. (2020). Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Current and Emerging Treatment Options. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(595584). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.595584.
D´’Avila, L. I., Rocha, F. C., Rios, B. R. M., Pereira, S. G. S., & Piris, A. P. (2019). Processo Patológico do Transtorno de Ansiedade Segundo a Literatura Digital Disponível em Português – Revisão Integrativa. Revista Psicologia E Saúde. https://doi.org/10.20435/pssa.v0i0.922.
Egidio, A., Geraldo, & João Quevedo (org. (2021). Tratado de Psiquiatria da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria. Artmed Editora.
Eslinger, P. J., Anders, S., Ballarini, T., Boutros, S., Krach, S., Mayer, A. V., Moll, J., Newton, T. L., Schroeter, M. L., de Oliveira-Souza, R., Raber, J., Sullivan, G. B., Swain, J. E., Lowe, L., & Zahn, R. (2021). The neuroscience of social feelings: mechanisms of adaptive social functioning. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 128(128), 592–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.028.
Faria, J. S. S., Rossi, S. V., Andreatta, T., Simões, V. P., Pombo, B. H., & Moreira, R. B. (2019). Benzodiazepínicos. Revista de Medicina, 98(6), 423–426. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679- 9836.v98i6p423-426.
Ferro Braga Laurindo de Cerqueira Lira, L., da Silva Santos Alves, I., Ribeiro Garrote, M. A., & Gomes de Oliveira, S. (2021). Fisiopatologia do transtorno de ansiedade. SEMPESq – Semana De Pesquisa Da Unit - Alagoas, (9). https://eventos.set.edu.br/al_sempesq/article/view/15165.
Frota, I., Campos De Moura Fé, A., Martins De Paula, F., Gomes, V., De Moura, S., De, E., & Campos, M. (2022). Anxiety disorders: history, clinical features, and current classifications. J. Health Biol Sci, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.12662/2317-3206jhbs.v10i1.3971.p1-8.2022.
Garakani, A., Murrough, J. W., Freire, R. C., Thom, R. P., Larkin, K., Buono, F. D., & Iosifescu, https://periodicos.ufrn.br/casoseconsultoria/article/view/27654#:~:text=Conclui%2Dse%20que%2 0o%20emprego.
João Quevedo Neurobiologia dos Transtornos Psiquiátricos. Artmed Editora.
Mangolini, V. I., Andrade, L. H., & Wang, Y.-P. (2019). Epidemiologia dos transtornos de ansiedade em regiões do Brasil. Revista de Medicina, 98(6), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v98i6p415-422.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Pharmacology, administration, safety, and side effects. (n.d.). Medilib.ir. https://medilib.ir/uptodate/show/1715.
Mota de Sousa, L. M., Furtado Firmino, C., Alves Marques-Vieira, C. M., Silva Pedro Severino, S., & Castelão Figueira Carlos Pestana, H. (2018). Revisões da literatura científica: tipos, métodos e aplicações em enfermagem. Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação, 1(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.33194/rper.2018.v1.n1.07.4391.
Oliveira, C., Machado, S., Débora, & Da, P. Aromaterapia no tratamento da ansiedade. https://portal.unisepe.com.br/unifia/wpcontent/uploads/sites/10001/2019/11/ARO MATERAPIA-NO-TRATAMENTO DA-ANSIEDADE.pdf.
Rodrigues, A. R. da S. P. (2022). Fitoterapia no auxílio ao controle e tratamento da ansiedade – uma revisão integrativa de literatura. Revista de Casos E Consultoria, 13(1).
Rufo, A., Marques, C., Oliveira, E., Alves, T., & Reginaldi, R. (2023). Eficácia clínica de novas abordagens para o tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade generalizada.
Sáiz Martínez, P. A., Florez, G., Arrojo, M., Bernardo, M., González-Pinto, A., Goikolea, J. M., Zorrilla, I., Cunill, R., Castells, X., Becoña Iglesias, E., López Durán, A., Torrens, M., Fonseca, F., Tirado-Muñoz, J., Arranz, B., Garriga, M., & San, L. (2021). Guía de práctica clínica para el tratamiento farmacológico y psicológico de los pacientes adultos con un trastorno de ansiedad y un diagnóstico comórbido de trastorno por uso de sustancias. Adicciones. https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.1548.
Salgado, J. M., Rojas, R. L., Celleri, M., Cultraro, F. A., & Vizioli, N. A. (2024). Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina), 35(163),32–41. https://doi.org/10.53680/vertex.v35i163.525.
Vilela, H. L. (2019). Transtorno de ansiedade e tratamento homeopático (relato de caso). Pesquisa.bvsalud.org, 46–46.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Raissa Siqueira Santana; Veridiane Ferreira ; Amanda de Carvalho Pereira Moraes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
