Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose for patients with Type 2 Diabetes and its importance in Primary Care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47044Keywords:
Freestyle Libre; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.Abstract
This article aims to evaluate the impact and benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs), specifically the FreeStyle Libre system, on the quality of life of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), comparing the effectiveness of CGM with traditional glucose monitoring methods, like Self-monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) with capillary, focusing on reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and reducing acute and chronic complications. The methodology used is based on a literature review with analysis of data obtained from studies and clinical trials available in the PubMed and EBSCO databases, examining the effects of CGM devices in reducing HbA1c, hypoglycemic events and vascular complications. The results indicate that the use of CGMs, such as the FreeStyle Libre, provides a significant reduction in HbA1c levels and a decrease in hypoglycemic episodes compared to traditional monitoring. Furthermore, CGM devices have been shown to be more effective in improving patients' quality of life. It is concluded that, although CGMs have a higher initial cost, they are a cost-effective option in the long term due to the reduction of severe complications and associated costs. The incorporation of CGMs in the management of type 2 diabetes is recommended to optimize glycemic control and improve patient well-being.
References
Ajjan, R. A., Jackson, N., & Thomson, S. A. (2019). Reduction in HbA1c using professional flash glucose monitoring in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients managed in primary and secondary care settings: A pilot, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Diabetes & vascular disease research, 16(4), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164119827456
American Diabetes Association (2020). 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes care, 43(Suppl 1), S77–S88. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-S007
Beck, R. W., Riddlesworth, T. D., Ruedy, K., Ahmann, A., Haller, S., Kruger, D., McGill, J. B., Polonsky, W., Price, D., Aronoff, S., Aronson, R., Toschi, E., Kollman, C., & Bergenstal, R. (2017). Continuous Glucose Monitoring Versus Usual Care in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Multiple Daily Insulin Injections. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(6), 365. https://doi.org/10.7326/m16-2855
Cavalcante, L. T. C. & Oliveira, A. A. S. (2020). Métodos de revisão bibliográfica nos estudos científicos. Psicol. Rev. 26 (1). https://doi.org/10.5752/P.1678-9563.2020v26n1p82-100.
Demidov, N. A. (2021). New possibilities of using the FreeStyle Libre Flash-glucose monitoring system: FreeStyle Libre software ecosystem in Russia. Pharmateca, 42021, 76-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2021.4.76-83
Gao, Y., Zhou, M., Xu, X., & Chen, W. Y. (2022). Effects of flash glucose monitoring on glycemic control in participants with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of diabetes and its complications, 36(11), 108314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108314
Haak, T., Hanaire, H., Ajjan, R., Hermanns, N., Riveline, J. P., & Rayman, G. (2017). Flash Glucose-Sensing Technology as a Replacement for Blood Glucose Monitoring for the Management of Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: a Multicenter, Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 8(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-016-0223-6
Haak, T., Hanaire, H., Ajjan, R., Hermanns, N., Riveline, J. P., & Rayman, G. (2017). Use of Flash Glucose-Sensing Technology for 12 months as a Replacement for Blood Glucose Monitoring in Insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 8(3), 573–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-017-0255-6
Hermanns, N., Ehrmann, D., Schipfer, M., Kröger, J., Haak, T., & Kulzer, B. (2019). The impact of a structured education and treatment programme (FLASH) for people with diabetes using a flash sensor-based glucose monitoring system: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 150, 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.03.003
Hirsch I. B. (2017). Professional flash continuous glucose monitoring as a supplement to A1C in primary care. Postgraduate medicine, 129(8), 781–790. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2017.1383137
Hirsch, I. B., & Wright, E. E., Jr (2019). Using Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Primary Practice. Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 37(2), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.2337/cd18-0054
Jendle, J., Eeg-Olofsson, K., Svensson, A. M., Franzen, S., Lamotte, M., & Levrat-Guillen, F. (2021). Cost-Effectiveness of the FreeStyle Libre® System Versus Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Treatment in Sweden. Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 12(12), 3137–3152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01172-1
Kieu, A., King, J., Govender, R. D., & Östlundh, L. (2023). The Benefits of Utilizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus in Primary Care: A Systematic Review. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 17(3), 762–774. https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968211070855
Lin, R., Brown, F., James, S., Jones, J., & Ekinci, E. (2021). Continuous glucose monitoring: A review of the evidence in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 38(5), e14528. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14528
McMorrow, R., Thuraisingam, S., Furler, J., & Manski-Nankervis, J. A. (2021). Professional flash glucose monitoring and health service utilisation in type 2 diabetes: A secondary analysis of the GP-OSMOTIC study. Primary care diabetes, 15(1), 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2020.08.001
Nauck, M. A., Haastert, B., Trautner, C., Müller, U. A., Nauck, M. A., Heinemann, L., & Clinical Trials Study Group of the German Association for the Study of Diabetes (Deutsche Diabetes-Gesellschaft) (2014). A randomised, controlled trial of self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving conventional insulin treatment. Diabetologia, 57(5), 868–877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-014-3168-1
Ogawa, W., Hirota, Y., Osonoi, T., Tosaki, T., Kato, Y., Utsunomiya, K., Nishimura, R., & Nakamura, J. (2021). Effect of the FreeStyle Libre™ flash glucose monitoring system on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin therapy: An open label, prospective, multicenter trial in Japan. Journal of diabetes investigation, 12(1), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.13327
Oliveira, Y. S. G. de, Costa Júnior, J. D. da, Santos-Leonardo, A., & Morais, K. S. de. (2015). Comparação entre os métodos laboratorial e portátil na análise da glicemia em felinos com amostras de sangue venoso central e capilar. Ciência Animal Brasileira, 16(2), 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v16i231266
Oyagüez, I., Gómez-Peralta, F., Artola, S., Carrasco, F. J., Carretero-Gómez, J., García-Soidan, J., Gómez-Huelgas, R., Merino-Torres, J. F., & Pérez, A. (2021). Cost Analysis of FreeStyle Libre® 2 System in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population. Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 12(9), 2329–2342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-021-01064-4
Park, C., & Le, Q. A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Literature and Meta-analysis. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 20(9), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2018.0177
Pereira A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. [free e-book]. Santa Maria/RS. Ed. UAB/NTE/UFSM.
Unger, J., Kushner, P., & Anderson, J. E. (2020). Practical guidance for using the FreeStyle Libre flash continuous glucose monitoring in primary care. Postgraduate medicine, 132(4), 305–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2020.1744393
Yaron, M., Roitman, E., Aharon-Hananel, G., Landau, Z., Ganz, T., Yanuv, I., Rozenberg, A., Karp, M., Ish-Shalom, M., Singer, J., Wainstein, J., & Raz, I. (2019). Effect of Flash Glucose Monitoring Technology on Glycemic Control and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes care, 42(7), 1178–1184. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0166
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Carolina Galhardo; Eduarda Pereira Lima Garcia; Camille Stephani Baccarin; Larissa Cocicov Gyotoku

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.