Plantas Medicinales como Inhibidores Potenciales del SARS-CoV-2: Una revisión narrativa sobre propiedades antivirales e inmunomoduladoras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i2.48197Palabras clave:
Antiviral; COVID-19; Citoquina; Plantas medicinales; Fitoquímicos; SARS-CoV-2.Resumen
La pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), causada por el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ha resaltado la necesidad de estrategias terapéuticas eficaces. Aunque se han desarrollado antivirales, la aparición de variantes y las limitaciones de los tratamientos actuales refuerzan la necesidad de explorar enfoques alternativos. Las plantas medicinales, conocidas por sus propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias y antivirales, han atraído atención como posibles inhibidores de la replicación viral. Este artículo presenta un estudio de revisión narrativa que busca examinar el potencial antiviral de los extractos vegetales contra el SARS-CoV-2, centrándose en especies clave como Perilla frutescens, Punica granatum L., Nerium oleander, Scutellaria baicalensis y Vitis vinifera.". Estos extractos han mostrado efectos inhibidores sobre mecanismos virales críticos, incluyendo la replicación del ARN, la actividad de proteasas (e.g., 3CLPro) y la entrada viral en células huésped. El estudio también analizo los efectos inmunomoduladores de estos compuestos, especialmente en la reducción de la inflamación asociada a la tormenta de citocinas en casos graves de COVID-19. Además, algunos extractos, como Perilla frutescens, muestran efectos sinérgicos con antivirales convencionales, como remdesivir. Apesar de resultados prometedores in vitro e in vivo, se requieren estudios preclínicos y clínicos para validar su eficacia y seguridad. Dada su accesibilidad y propiedades antivirales, los extractos vegetales representan una vía valiosa para el desarrollo de nuevas terapias contra la COVID-19 y otras infecciones virales emergentes. Esta revisión enfatiza la importancia de seguir investigando bioactivos vegetales como candidatos para estrategias antivirales integrativas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Murilo dos Santos Mancilha; Bruno Crepani; Erik Ernani Marques da Silva; Gabriela Oliveira do Nascimento; Jéssica Aparecida Souza Cuba; Kevin Gustavo dos Santos Silva; Marcia Claro de Andrade; Mônica Kristina Sampaio de Carvalho; Willian Santiago Fonseca Damasio; Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
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