Coagulación y oxidación avanzada en la remoción de contaminantes y resistencia antibiótica en aguas residuales domésticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i3.48570Palabras clave:
Agua residual; Coagulación; Catalizador; Oxidación avanzada; Resistencia antibiótica.Resumen
Se evaluó el agua efluente de lagunas de oxidación en Calceta, Ecuador, y su tratamiento posterior mediante oxidación avanzada. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficiencia de la zeolita como catalizador en el proceso de oxidación avanzada para mitigar bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos en aguas residuales domésticas. Se caracterizaron los parámetros físico-químicos del efluente de la laguna de oxidación antes y después de los tratamientos, como pH, turbidez, sólidos totales (ST), sólidos suspendidos (SS) y conductividad eléctrica (CE). Se aplicaron quince tratamientos de oxidación avanzada, variando los tiempos de ozonificación y las dosis de zeolita y peróxido de hidrógeno (H₂O₂). Los resultados mostraron que los tratamientos con ozono y H₂O₂, combinados con zeolita, lograron una reducción significativa de contaminantes. Se alcanzó una reducción del 99.99% en el crecimiento de coliformes totales. Los tratamientos también fueron eficaces en la remoción de color (hasta un 92.59%) y la reducción de la turbidez (hasta un 93.06%). A pesar de estos resultados, los microorganismos aislados fueron resistentes a la bacitracina y ampicilina, pero mostraron sensibilidad a amikacina y levofloxacina, con zonas de inhibición que llegaron a 34 mm.
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