Professional exposure and the use of Personal Protective Equipment: integrative review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5239

Keywords:

Personal Protective Equipment; Occupational Health; Occupational Risks; Health Personnel.

Abstract

The objective was to analyze the use of  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE's) in the protection and prevention of occupational accidents involving biological risks to which health professionals are exposed. The study consisted of an integrative review, using articles published in the last eight years through the search for the keywords: "Personal Protection Equipment", "Occupational Health, "Occupational Risks" and "Health Personnel" in the LILACS and MEDLINE electronic databases. It was evidenced that the PPE used in the health area are diverse, as well as their indications, advantages, disadvantages and modes of use. There was a strong relationship between the use and reduction of the risk of accidents due to biological exposure, and adherence was influenced by the quality and availability of them in the services. Equipment such as N95 masks, face shields and the use of double pairs of gloves demonstrated greater effectiveness compared to other PPE's of their categories. Studies have also shown that the correct technique of placing and removing these equipments is decisive to predict the risk of contamination. Therefore, PPE are effective in preventing accidents, although their poor adherence and use are barriers to occupational safety, requiring reformulations and regulatory actions of a socio-pedagogical nature.

Author Biographies

Francisco Clezion Franca Vasconcelos Júnior, Universidade Federal do Ceará

Acadêmico de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)

Giovanna Stefanne Lópes Barbosa, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba

Acadêmica de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPAR).

Alba Angélica Nunes Mouta, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba

Acadêmica de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPAR)

Antônio Tiago da Silva Souza, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba

Enfermeiro. Mestre em Enfermagem pela UFPI. Acadêmico de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPAR).

Cassio de Salgado Rego, Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba

Acadêmico de Medicina no Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP)

Leandro Carvalho Hipolito, Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba

Acadêmico de Medicina no Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP)

Augusto César Beltrão da Silva, Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba

Graduado em Medicina pela Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA). Aluno do Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). Professor no Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP).

Renata Paula Lima Beltrão, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba

Graduada em Medicina pela Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA). Mestre em Saúde da Família pela Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). Professora na Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPAR) e no Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP).

References

Aragão, J. A., Fontes, L. M., Aragão, I. C. S., Aragão, F. M. S., & Reis, F. P. (2019). Exposição ocupacional a fluidos biológicos em acidentes com perfurocortantes na equipe de enfermagem hospitalar. Enferm. Foco, 10(1), 58–64.

Bartoszko, J. J., Farooqi, M. A. M., Alhazzani, W., & Loeb, M. (no prelo). Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID‐19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.

Blachere, F. M., Lindsley, W. G., McMillen, C. M., Beezhold, D. H., Fisher, E. M., Shaffer, R. E., & Noti, J. D. (2018). Assessment of influenza virus exposure and recovery from contaminated surgical masks and N95 respirators. Journal of Virological Methods, 260, 98–106.

Bouchoucha, S. L., & Moore, K. A. (2018). Infection prevention and control: who is the judge, you or the guidelines? J Infect Prev., 19(3): 131–137.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). Guidance on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) To Be Used By Healthcare Workers during Management of Patients with Confirmed Ebola or Persons under Investigation (PUIs) for Ebola who are Clinically Unstable or Have Bleeding, Vomiting, or Diarrhea in U.S. Hospitals, Including Procedures for Donning and Doffing PPE. Recuperado em 30 maio, 2020, de https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/healthcare-us/ppe/guidance.html

Chughtai, A. A., & Khan, W. (2019). Use of personal protective equipment to protect against respiratory infections in Pakistan: A systematic review. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 12(4), 522–527.

Chughtai, A. A., Stelzer-Braid, S., Rawlinson, W., Pontivivo, G., Wang, Q., Pan, Y., Zhang, D., Zhang, Y., Li, L., & MacIntyre, C. R. (2019). Contamination by respiratory viruses on outer surface of medical masks used by hospital healthcare workers. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19(1), 491.

Cochrane, J., & Jersby, M. (2019) When to wear personal protective equipment to prevent infection. British Journal of Nursing, 28(15), 982-984.

Corrêa, L. B. D., Gomes, S. C. S., Ferreira, T. F., & Caldas, A. de J. M. (2017). Fatores associados ao uso de equipamentos de proteção individual por profissionais de saúde acidentados com material biológico no Estado do Maranhão. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho, 15(4), 340–349.

Department of Health. (2015). Health and Social Care Act 2008: code of practice on the prevention and control of infections. Recuperado em 25 maio, 2020, de https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-health-and-social-care-act-2008-code-of-practice-on-the-prevention-and-control-of-infections-and-related-guidance

Fischer, W. A., et al. (2015). Personal Protective Equipment: Protecting Health Care Providers in an Ebola Outbreak. Clinical Therapeutics, 37(11), 2402-2410.

Honda, H., & Iwata, K. (2016). Personal protective equipment and improving compliance among healthcare workers in high-risk settings: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 29(4), 400–406.

Huh, S. (2020). How to train health personnel to protect themselves from SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus) infection when caring for a patient or suspected case. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 17(10).

Johnston, B. L., & Conly, J. M. (2004). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: What Have We Learned Two Years Later? Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 15(6), 309–312.

Kang, J., Kim, E. J., Choi, J. H., Hong, H. K., Han, S.-H., Choi, I. S., Ryu, J. G., Kim, J., Kim, J. Y., & Park, E. S. (2018). Difficulties in using personal protective equipment: Training experiences with the 2015 outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome in Korea. American Journal of Infection Control, 46(2), 235–237.

Kantor, J. (2020). Behavioral considerations and impact on personal protective equipment use: Early lessons from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(5), 1087–1088.

Lan, J., Song, Z., Miao, X., Li, H., Li, Y., Dong, L., Yang, J., An, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, L., Zhou, N., Yang, L., Li, J., Cao, J., Wang, J., & Tao, J. (2020). Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease-2019. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 82(5), 1215–1216.

Lindsley, W. G., Noti, J. D., Blachere, F. M., Szalajda, J. V., & Beezhold, D. H. (2014). Efficacy of Face Shields Against Cough Aerosol Droplets from a Cough Simulator. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 11(8), 509–518.

Loveday, H. P., Wilson, J. A., Pratt, R. J., et al. (2014). Epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. Am J Infect Control, 86(Suppl 1): S1-70.

Marconi, M. A., & Lakatos, E. M. (2011). Metodologia do trabalho científico: procedimentos básicos, pesquisa bibliográfica, projeto e relatório, publicações e trabalhos científicos (7a ed.). São Paulo: Atlas.

Mitchell, R., Roth, V., Gravel, D., et al. (2013). An observational study of selection and removal of personal protective equipment in Canadian acute care hospitals. Am J Infect Control., 41(3): 240–244.

Neves, Z. C. P., Tipple, A. F. V., Mendonça, K. M., Souza, A. C. S., & Pereira, M. S. (2017). Legislações e recomendações brasileiras relacionadas à saúde e segurança ocupacional dos trabalhadores da saúde. Revista Eletrônica De Enfermagem, 19(1).

Phan, L. T., Maita, D., Mortiz, D. C., Weber, R., Fritzen-Pedicini, C., Bleasdale, S. C., & Jones, R. M. (2019). Personal protective equipment doffing practices of healthcare workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 16(8), 575–581.

Radonovich, L. J., Bessesen, M. T., Cummings, D. A., Eagan, A., Gaydos, C., Gibert, C., Gorse, G. J., Nyquist, A.-C., Reich, N. G., Rodrigues-Barradas, M., Savor-Price, C., Shaffer, R. E., Simberkoff, M. S., & Perl, T. M. (2016). The Respiratory Protection Effectiveness Clinical Trial (ResPECT): A cluster-randomized comparison of respirator and medical mask effectiveness against respiratory infections in healthcare personnel. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16(1), 243.

Rezende, K., Tipple, A., Souza, A., Siqueira, K., Alves, S., Salgado, T., & Pereira, M. (2016). Risco de exposição a material biológico em unidades de saúde da atenção primária à saúde. Revista Enfermagem UERJ, 24(2), e6442.

Roberge, R. J. (2016). Face shields for infection control: A review. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 13(4), 235–242.

Suen, L. K. P., Guo, Y. P., Tong, D. W. K., Leung, P. H. M., Lung, D., Ng, M. S. P., Lai, T. K. H., Lo, K. Y. K., Au-Yeung, C. H., & Yu, W. (2018). Self-contamination during doffing of personal protective equipment by healthcare workers to prevent Ebola transmission. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 7(1), 157.

Valim M. D., Pinto P. A., & Marziale M. H. P. (2017). Questionário de conhecimento sobre as precauções-padrão: Estudo de validação para utilização por enfermeiros brasileiros. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 26(3), e1190016.

Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Peng, Z. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA, 323(11), 1061.

World Health Organization. (2014). Personal protective equipment in the context of filovirus disease outbreak response. Recuperado em 30 maio, 2020, de https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/137410/WHO_EVD_Guidance_PPE_14.1_eng.pdf;jsessionid=EC0CDAB66DBDD3739E4A37BDF273DBA2?sequence=1

World Health Organization. (2020). Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide. Recuperado em 25 maio, 2020, de https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide

Downloads

Published

21/06/2020

How to Cite

VASCONCELOS JÚNIOR, F. C. F.; BARBOSA, G. S. L.; MOUTA, A. A. N.; SOUZA, A. T. da S.; REGO, C. de S.; HIPOLITO, L. C.; SILVA, A. C. B. da; BELTRÃO, R. P. L. Professional exposure and the use of Personal Protective Equipment: integrative review. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 8, p. e44985239, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i8.5239. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/5239. Acesso em: 2 nov. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 8

Section

Review Article

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.