Nurse on the front line to COVID-19: The experience of the lived reality

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6471

Keywords:

Occupational Stress; Nursing; Coronavirus; Pandemic.

Abstract

During the care process, especially when working during a pandemic, the nurse may be subjected to a level of stress that will cause physical and psychological damage. In this sense, the present study aims to identify and analyze the stressors experienced by health professionals on the front lines of the fight against COVID-19. This is a descriptive study that seeks to describe certain phenomena or actions. With the option of a qualitative approach, the research found in the experience report, an opportunity to learn about integrative and complementary practices for social well-being. From the report, it was possible to reflect on relevant elements to be considered. For discourse analysis, we present the following categories: Feelings experienced in the face of the pandemic from the perspective of the health professional; Concern about maintaining mental health and the impact of working conditions and loss of colleagues. It is concluded that it is necessary that intervention actions are carried out aiming at the commitment of the management, guaranteeing the safety of the working professional with the supply of personal protective equipment and also assistance aimed at the individual's mental health.

References

Abdo, S. A., El-Sallamy, R. M., El-Shebiny, A. A., Kabbash, I. A. (2016). Burnout among physicians and nursing staff working in the emergency hospital of Tanta University, Egypt. East Mediterr Health J.;21(12), 906-15.

Almeida, A. Em protesto em Brasília, enfermeiros são agredidos por apoiadores de Bolsonaro. O Globo [Internet]. 2020 [acesso em 2020 maio 05]. Disponível em: https://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/ coronavirus/em-protesto-em-brasiliaenfermeiros-sao-agredidos-porapoiadores-de-bolsonaro-24406003

American Psychological Association. (2020). Pandemics. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/practice/programs/dmhi/ research-information/pandemics

Andolhe, R., Bar, R., Oliveira, E. M., Costa, A. L. S., & Padilha, K. G. (2015) Stress, coping and burnout among Intensive Care Unit nursing staff: associated factors. Rev Esc Enferm USP.;49(spe), 57-63

Araújo, C. S. F. L., Strina, A., Grassi, G. R. F. M., Teixeira, G. M. Aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos da infecção da COVID-19. Acessado em: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/40662; 14/04/2020, 10, 40.

Asmundson, G. J. G., & Taylor, S. (2020). Coronaphobia: fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 70, 102196.

Banerjee, D. (2020). The COVID-19 outbreak: crucial role the psychiatrists can play. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 102014.

Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 395(10224), e37-e38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3

Bardin, L. (2016). Content Analysis. Lisboa (PT): Edições 70.

Barros-Delben, P., Cruz, R. M., Trevisan, K. R. R., Gai, M. J. P., Carvalho, R. V. C., Carlotto, R. A. C., MalloyDiniz, L. F. (2020). Saúde mental em situação de emergência: COVID-19 [Ahead of print]. Revista Debates in Psychiatry, 10, 2-12.

Bianchi, R., Schondelf, I. S., Laurent, E. (2015). Is burnout separable from depression in cluster analysis? a longitudinal study . Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol.;50(6),1005-11.

Biskin H. Saglik çalisanlari konakladiklari otelden kovuldu. GazeteDuvar [Internet]. 2020[cited 2020 Apr 28].

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.

Carvalho, P. M. M., Moreira, M. M., Oliveira, M. N. A., Landim, J. M. M., & Rolim Neto, M. L. (2020). The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 286(112902), 1-2.

Chang, L. E; Yan, Y, & Wang, L. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019: Coronaviruses and blood safety. Transfus Med Rev. Feb 21.

Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 7(4), 15-16.

Cluver, L., Lachman, J. M., Sherr, L., Wessels, I., Krug, E., Rakotomalala, S., McDonald, K. (2020). Parenting in a time of COVID-19. The Lancet, 395, e64.

Consejo General de la Psicología de España. (2020). Recursos de ayuda psicológica para afrontar el Covid-19.

Conselho Federal de Psicologia. (2020a). Resolução do exercício profissional nº4, de 26 de março de 2020. Dispõe sobre regulamentação de serviços psicológico prestados por meio de Tecnologia da Informação e da Comunicação durante a pandemia do COVID19.

Conselho Federal de Psicologia. (2020b). Ofício-Circular nº 40/2020/GTec/CG-CFP.

Duan, L., & Zhu, G. (2020). Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 300-302.

Ferguson, N., Laydon, D., Nedjati Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., Ghani, A. (2020). Report 9: impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand.

Gil, A. C. (2014). Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. 6 ed. São Paulo: Atlas.

Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., & Singh, M. P. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: first suicidal case in India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(101989).

Hall, R. C. W., Hall, R., & Chapman, M. J. (2008). The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30(5), 446-452.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2018). Síntese de indicadores sociais: uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira: 2018[Internet]. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2018[acesso em 2020 abr 28].

Joseph, B., (2016). Joseph M. The health of the healthcare workers. Indian j. occup. environ. med. [Internet]. 20(2), 71–2.

Jung, S. J., & Jun, J. Y. (2020). Mental health and psychological intervention amid COVID-19 Outbreak: perspectives from South Korea. Yonsei Medical Journal, 61(4), 271-272. 1

Junior, G. (2020). Profissionais de saúde são hostilizados em trens: ‘Sai do vagão, seu doente’. Estadão [Internet]. [acesso em 2020 abr 28].

Kogien, M., Cedaro, J. J. (2014). Public emergency department: the psychosocial impact on the physical domain of quality of life of nursing professionals. Rev Latino-Am Enferm,.

Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z. H., Zhao, Y. J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., Xiang, Y. T. (2020b). Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1732-1738.

Li, Z., Ge, J., Yang, M., Feng, J., Qiao, M., Jiang, R., Yang, C. (2020a). Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.

Machado, D. A, Figueiredo, N. M. A, Velasques, L. S, Bento, C. A. M, Machado, W. C. A, Vianna, L. A. M. (2018). Cognitive changes in nurses working in intensive care units. Rev Bras Enferm.;71(1),73-9

Matos, H. J. (2018). A próxima pandemia: estamos preparados? Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde, 9(3), 9-11. http:// dx.doi.org/10.5123/S2176-62232018000300001

Minayo, M. C. S. (2013) O desafio do conhecimento: pesquisa qualitativa em saúde. 13 ed. São Paulo: Hucitec.

Brasil (BR). (2020). Painel de casos de doença pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) no Brasil pelo Ministério da Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2020[acesso 15 abril 2020]. Disponível em: https://covid.saude.gov.br

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. (2020a). Painel de casos de doença pelo coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19). Recuperado de https:// covid.saude.gov.br/

Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. (2020b). Portaria nº 639, de 31 de março de 2020. Dispõe sobre a Ação Estratégica “O Brasil Conta Comigo - Profissionais da Saúde”, voltada à capacitação e ao cadastramento de profissionais da área de saúde, para o enfrentamento à pandemia do coronavírus (COVID-19).

Neto, O. C. (2003). O trabalho de campo como descoberta e criação. In: MINAYO, MCS;

Pesquisa social: teoria, método e criatividade. 22. ed. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes.

Oliveira, E. B., Gallash, C. H., Junior, P. P. A. S., Oliveira, A. V. R., Valério, R. L., Dias, L. B. S. Occupational stress and burnout in nurses of an emergency service: the organization of work. Rev Enferm UERJ.;25, e28842.

Ornell, F., Schuch, J.B, Sordi, A. O., & Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry. Retrieved from

Owen, L. (2020, March 8). Coronavirus: five ways virus upheaval is hitting women in Asia. BBC News.

Pautasso, M. (2020). The structure and conduct of a narrative literature review. In Tubbs, R.S., Buerger, S. M., Shoja, M. M., Arynchyna, A., & Karl, M. (Eds.), A guide to the scientific career: virtues, communication, research, and academic writing (pp.299-310). Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.

Punzalan J. (2020). Ambulance driver hurt after getting shot over parking row in Quezon. ABS-CBN News [Internet].[cited 2020 Apr 28].

Ramos, R. S. (2020) A Enfermagem Oncológica no Enfrentamento da Pandemia de Covid-19: Reflexões e Recomendações para a Prática de Cuidado em Oncologia.

Rodrigues, A. (2020, 31 de março). Afastamentos por suspeitas de coronavírus explodem entre profissionais da saúde. Folha de S. Paulo.

Rothe D, Gallinetti J, Lagaay M., & Campbell, L. (2015). Ebola: beyond the health emergency.

Russell, T. W., Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Jarvis, C. I., van Zandvoort, K., CMMID nCov working group, Flasche, S., Kucharski, A. J. (2020). Using a delay-adjusted case fatality ratio to estimate under-reporting.

Santos, N. A. R, Santos, J., Silva, V. R., Passos, J. P. Occupational stress in palliative care in oncology. Cogitare Enferm;22(4):e50686.

Schmidt, B., Crepaldi, M. A., Bolze, S. D. A., Neiva-Silva, L., & Demenech, L. M. (2020). Impactos na Saúde Mental e Intervenções Psicológicas Diante da Pandemia do Novo Coronavírus (COVID-19). Scielo Preprints. Versão 1.

Shimizu, K. (2020). 2019-nCoV, fake news, and racism. The Lancet, 395(10225), 685-686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)30357-3

Shojaei, S. F., & Masoumi, R. (2020). The importance of mental health training for psychologists in COVID-19 outbreak. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies, 7(2), e102846.

Silva, B. D. M., Martins, J. T., Moreira, A. A. O. Violência laboral contra a equipe de enfermagem: revisão integrativa. Revista de saúde pública do Paraná [Internet]. 2019[acesso em 2020 maio05];2(2), 125-35.

Taylor, S. (2019). The psychology of pandemics: preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

The Lancet (2020). COVID-19: protecting health-care workers (Editorial). The Lancet, 395(10228), 922.

Ueno, L. G. S, Bobroff, M. C. C., Martins, J. T., Machado, R. C. B. R., Linares, P. G., Gaspar, S. G. (2017). Occupational stress: stressors referred by the nursing team. J Nurs UFPE On Line.; 11(4), 1632-8.

United Nations (UN). (2020). COVID-19 highlights nurses’ vulnerability as backbone to health services worldwide 2020 [Internet].

Villela, D. A. M. (2020). The value of mitigating epidemic peaks of COVID-19 for more effective public health responses. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 53, e20200135.

Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729.

Weide, J. N., Vicentini, E. C. C., Araujo, M. F., Machado,W. L., & Enumo, S. R. F. (2020). Cartilha para enfrentamento do estresse em tempos de pandemia. Porto Alegre: PUCRS/PUC-Campinas.

World Health Organization (WHO). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak [Internet]. 2020.

World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Director-General’s remarks on world health day 2020 [Internet]. 2020[cited 2020 Apr 28]. Available from: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/d etail/who-director-general-s-remarkson-world-health-day

Published

30/07/2020

How to Cite

MARINS, T. V. de O. .; CRISPIM, C. G.; EVANGELISTA, D. da S.; NEVES, K. do C.; FASSARELLA, B. P. A. .; RIBEIRO, W. A.; SILVA, A. A. da. Nurse on the front line to COVID-19: The experience of the lived reality. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 8, p. e710986471, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6471. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/6471. Acesso em: 26 dec. 2024.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences