Schema Therapy and treatment goals for Narcissistic Personality Disorder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.8006Keywords:
Psychotherapy; Personality disorders; Schema therapy; PsychologyAbstract
This article aims to present, through a narrative review of the literature, the objectives of treatment of Scheme Therapy (ST) for patients with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and for the functioning of each predominant Schematic Mode (SM) in NPD. The search for data for the construction of this article was through consultations on national and international digital platforms, and also used authors that are references of NPD and ST. As a result, it was found that the predominant SM in patients with this type of disorder are the Lonely Child Mode, the Self-Magnifying Mode, the Provocative and Attack Mode, the Protected-Disconnected Mode and the Self-Relief Mode. When discussing the treatment goals for each modality, it was concluded that, based on the techniques used by the therapist, the objective of ST for NPD, is to strengthen the Healthy Adult Mode, so that the patient can adapt more adaptive and functional guidelines in his daily life.
References
Alano, D. S., Bellé, A. H., Silva, N. J. & Kessler, F. (2019). Transtornos da personalidade: terapia dos esquemas e terapia comportamental dialética. In Psicoterapias: abordagens atuais [recurso eletrônico] / Organizadores: Cordioli, A. V. & Grevet, E. H., 4. ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais (DSM-5). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Andriola, R. (2016). Estratégias terapêuticas: parentalização limitada e confrontação empática. In Wainer, R., Paim, K., Erdos, R. & Andriola, R. Terapia Cognitiva Focada em Esquemas: integração em psicoterapia. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Bamelis, L. L., Evers, S.M., Spinhoven, P. & Arntz, A. (2014). Results of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of schema therapy for personality disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 171(3):305-22.
Behary, W. T. (2012). Wendy Behary: An Interview On Schema Therapy For The Narcissist State Of Mind. Recuperado em: <https://www.stateofmind.it/2012/07/wendy-behary-schema-therapy/> Acesso em: 22 de julho de 2020.
Behary, W. T. & Davis, D. (2017). Transtorno da Personalidade Narcisista. In: Terapia Cognitiva dos Transtornos da Personalidade. Beck, A.; Davis, D. & Freeman, A. Artmed: Porto Alegre.
Dadashzadeh, H., Hekmati, I., Gholizadeh, H. & Abdi, R. (2016). Schema modes in cluster B personality disorders. Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. 2, 22-28.
Edwards, J. A. (2017). An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Schema Modes in a Single Case of Anorexia Nervosa: Part 1. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 17 (1).
Edwards, D. & Arntz, A. (2012). Schema therapy in historical perspective. In Van Vreeswijk, F., Broerson, J. & Nadort, M. (Eds), The Willey-Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research and practice. Malden: Willey-Blackwell, p. 3-26.
Freeman, A., Felgoise, S. & Davis, D. (2008). Clinical psychology: Integrating science and practice. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Genderen, H. V., Rijkeboer, M. & Arntz, A. (2012). Theoretical Model: schemas, coping styles and modes. In Van Vreeswijk, F., Broersen J. & Nadort, M. (Eds.), The Wiley- 87 Blackwell Handbook of Schematherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice (pp.27-40). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Gil, A. C. (2002). Métodos e técnicas de pesquisa social. São Paulo: Atlas.
Isoppo, G. S. L. (2012). Terapia Focada em Esquemas e Personalidade Narcisista: um entendimento acerca deste transtorno. (Monografia para Especialização, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul).
Kacel, E. L., Ennis, N. & Pereira, D. B. (2017). Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Clinical Health Psychology Practice: Case Studies of Comorbid Psychological Distress and Life-Limital Illness. Behavioral Medicine, 43(3): 156-164.
Keulen-de Vos, M. E. (2013). Emotional states, crime and violence: a schema therapy approach to the understanding and treatment of forensic patients with personality disorders. Datawyse / Universitaire Pers Maastricht.
Lobbestael, J., Van Vreeswijk, F. & Arntz, A. (2007). An empirical test of schema mode conceptualizations in personality disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46,854-860.
Manzzuti, M. F. P. R. (2016). Modos esquemáticos e sua relevância no tratamento de indivíduos com transtorno de personalidade que cometem atos delitivos. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (especialização) - Centro de Estudos em Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (CETCC) - São Paulo.
Matos, F. R., Rossini, J. C. & Lopes, R. F. F. (2018). Schema Mode Inventory: Revisão de Literatura. Revista Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas, 14(2), 95-108.
Matos, F. R. (2018). Schema Mode Inventory (SMI): Revisão sistemática de literatura e validação de conteúdo da versão reduzida no contexto brasileiro. (Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia: MG).
Mertens, Y., Yılmaz, M. & Lobbestael, J. (2020). Schema modes mediate the effect of emotional abuse in childhood on the differential expression of personality disorders. Child Abuse Negl. 104:104445.
Mitra, P. & Fluyau, D. (2020). Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing
Paim, K. & Cardoso, B. L. A. (2019). Terapia do Esquema para casais: base teórica e intervenção. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Roelofs, J., Muris, P. & Lobbestael, J. (2015). Acting and feeling like a vulnerable child, an internalized "bad parent" or a healthy person: the assesment of schema modes in non-clinical adolescents. Journal of Personality Disorders. 29(205).
Rother, E. T. (2007). Revisão sistemática x revisão narrativa. Acta. paul. enferm, 20(2).
Silva, C. R. (2004). Metodologia e organização do projeto de pesquisa: guia prático. Fortaleza: CEFET.
Simeone-DiFrancesco, C., Roediger, E., & Stevens, B. A. (2015). Schema therapy with couples: a practitioner’s guide to healing relationships. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.
Wainer, R. & Rijo, D. (2016). O modelo teórico: esquemas iniciais desadaptativos, estilos de enfrentamento e modos esquemáticos. In Wainer, R., Paim, K., Erdos, R, & Andriola, R. Terapia Cognitiva Focada em Esquemas: integração em psicoterapia. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 47-66.
Wainer, R. & Wainer, G. (2016). O trabalho com os modos esquemáticos. In Wainer, R., Paim, K., Erdos, R., & Andriola, R. Terapia Cognitiva Focada em Esquemas: integração em psicoterapia. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 147-168.
Vyskocilova, J., Prasko, J., Sedlackova, Z., Ociskova, M., & Grambal, A. (2014). Schema therapy for CBT therapists who treat borderline patients. Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva, V. 56(1).
Whitbourne, S. K. & Halgin, R. P. (2015). Psicopatologia: Perspectivas clínicas dos transtornos psicológicos. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Yakeley, J. (2018). Current understanding of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. BJPsych Advances, 24(5), 305-315.
Yakin, D., Grasman, R. & Arntz, A. (2020) Schema modes as a common mechanism of change in personality pathology and functioning: results from a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Rasearch and Therapy, v. 126.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S. & Weishaar, M. E. (2008). Terapia do esquema: guia de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais inovadoras. New York: The Guilford Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Gabriela Maffini; Paula Argemi Cassel
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
