Research, Society and Development

Sample collection of airborne microbial diversity and analysis of air quality in a brazilian school environment

2024-11-12T14:33:13-03:00

Microorganisms are essential components of ecosystems, playing crucial roles in maintaining environmental, human, and animal health. In the context of public health and One Health, understanding the dynamics of these organisms in the environment is key to disease prevention and control. The present study aims to investigate the diversity of airborne bacteria in a school environment in Cuiabá, a city in the Midwest region of Brazil, using the impingement on solid technique. Air samples were collected from indoor and outdoor locations, including a bathroom, cafeteria, teachers' lounge, reception area, classroom, and an outdoor sports court. At each site, two Petri dishes were exposed for 15 minutes. The samples were then incubated for 48 hours at a controlled temperature of 37°C, followed by morphological analysis and microscopic examination. Unexpectedly, outdoor areas, particularly the sports court, showed higher bacterial concentrations, to the common assumption of higher microbial loads in enclosed spaces due to limited ventilation. This finding suggests that even naturally ventilated areas require more careful analysis to ensure air quality in public spaces. Additionally, fungal growth was observed in two samples, further highlighting potential environmental risks. These results underscore the importance of improving hygiene strategies, and management in school settings to mitigate health risks associated with airborne microorganism exposure.

Quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated at the Ambulatório Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais

2025-04-10T14:29:56-03:00

Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) compromises the quality of life of patients due to its physical and emotional impacts. This study aimed to assess the quality of life of individuals with suspected or confirmed IBD diagnosis, using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). The study sought to identify the main factors associated with the deterioration of well-being and compare potential differences between newly diagnosed patients and those with a previous diagnosis, contributing to a better understanding of the psychosocial effects of the disease and the effectiveness of available treatments. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional, and qualitative-quantitative study conducted between November 2024 and February 2025, with 18 patients attended at the Medical Sciences Outpatient Clinic of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais (ACM-FCMMG). The IBDQ was used to assess quality of life, correlating its domains with clinical and sociodemographic variables. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon and Fisher tests. Results: Only 17% of patients reported excellent quality of life, while 50% were classified as having regular or poor quality of life. Severe intestinal symptoms, such as frequent diarrhea, and emotional symptoms were the main factors associated with worsening well-being. Conclusion: Disease activity and its intestinal and emotional symptoms significantly impact quality of life, reinforcing the need for multidisciplinary care with psychological support. Effective therapeutic strategies should focus both on clinical control of IBD and on patients’ mental health.

Plantar calcaneal tumor as a differential diagnosis of plantar fasciitis: A case report

2025-05-01T08:20:30-03:00

Plantar fasciitis is a common orthopedic complaint, especially among athletes, obese individuals, and people over 40 years old. Despite its prevalence, it is crucial to explore other potential causes of similar symptoms. The hindfoot, particularly the calcaneus bone, is a rare site for tumors, with benign tumors being the most common. The scarcity of studies on tumors in this region complicates diagnosis and may lead to inadequate clinical management. This study presents a case that illustrates the challenge of diagnosing a plantar tumor in the hindfoot and other possible differential diagnoses. The symptoms of both conditions are similar, with pain during physical exertion in the subcalcaneal region, requiring imaging exams and rheumatological marker analysis for exclusion purposes. Treatment for plantar fasciitis consists of conservative therapy, based on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy. For tumors in the hindfoot region, such measures are not effective, with persistent pain being a characteristic feature. In this case, surgical treatment should be considered, and the article discusses the methods for surgical removal of the tumor.

Epidemiological profile of peoples hospitalized for Covid-19 between 2020 and 2022

2025-04-24T10:10:55-03:00

Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of people affected by Covid-19 admitted to a reference hospital in the western border region of Rio Grande do Sul between 2020 and 2022. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective study, developed in a reference hospital for the care of patients with Covid-19 to the western-border region. The study population consisted of adult patients with Covid-19 admitted to the Clinical Unit-Covid, Intensive Care Unit-Covid (ICU-C), Pulmonary Ventilatory Support (PVS) and Emergency Room (ER) between March 2020 and August 2020. 2022. Results: Of the 1,811 patient records, 939 (51.85%) people are male, with a mean age of 56.85 years (SD±16.58). The period of hospitalization of people ranged from 5 to 15 days, with an average of 9.56 (SD±10.98). More than half (51.68%) of the sample required hospitalization of 7 days or less, 487 (26.89%) remained hospitalized for up to 7 days, and 263 (14.52%) people remained hospitalized in the hospital environment for up to 15 days. Conclusion: The municipality, the location of this study, presented a high number of notifications for Covid-19, although there may be a considerable number of underreporting, due to the fact that the disease is in many cases marked by asymptomatic conditions or with mild symptoms, which ends up not leading the individual to seek specialized health care and contributes to the spread of the disease.

Smoking and periodontitis: a challenge for the immune response

2025-04-24T15:12:03-03:00

Smoking is one of the most prevalent addictions worldwide. It alters the patient's immune response against periodontopathogenic microorganisms, compromising the defense system and potentially triggering periodontal collapse, periodontitis. Periodontitis and smoking have a major impact on the immune system, posing a huge challenge to the patient's health and well-being. Therefore, it is extremely important for dentists to understand the impacts of smoking on patients with periodontitis, so that they can establish a better diagnosis and prognosis, in addition to raising patient awareness and encouraging them to quit smoking. The objective of this review was to validate the immunoinflammatory relationship between smoking and periodontitis in order to provide scientific knowledge that supports decision-making in order to promote health. An integrative literature review was carried out, selecting 8 articles, according to the exclusion criteria, to answer the guiding question "What is the immunoinflammatory influence of smoking on periodontitis and the consequences for periodontal health?" CONCLUSION: Smoking appears to exacerbate the local inflammatory response by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, deregulating the balance of bone remodeling mediators such as RANKL/OPG, and altering the composition of the oral microbiota, favoring pathogenic species. In addition, smoking modulates the adaptive immune response, affecting the levels of antibodies against periodontal and commensal pathogens, and may interfere with the production of antimicrobial peptides important in host defense, increasing the prevalence, severity, and progression of periodontitis.

Proposals for interventions to reduce deaths from Leishmaniasis in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

2025-04-29T08:22:52-03:00

Objectives: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical zoonosis that manifests in forms ranging from cutaneous to visceral. The objective of this study is to analyze the epidemiological profile of leishmaniasis in the state of Minas Gerais and to propose interventions for the region based on a systematic review. Methods: This is an epidemiological study that uses data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) from 2018 to 2022, describing deaths caused by leishmaniasis in Minas Gerais. In addition, a systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. The review included systematic review articles from the last five years that addressed intervention, control, or prevention of leishmaniasis, excluding studies with primary data and duplicates. Results: A total of 157 deaths from the disease were recorded in the state. The most affected groups were males (66.88%), individuals of mixed-race and Black ethnicity (73%), and the elderly (48%). Although deaths were concentrated in the state capital, most victims were originally from cities in the northern and northeastern regions of the state and were also associated with rural labor. The literature review identified 11 articles that supported the proposed intervention strategy focused on vector control, community empowerment, and intersectoral collaboration among public authorities. Conclusion: Underreporting deaths was observed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, regions less affected by the disease had higher household incomes. As for interventions, the main strategies include reducing social vulnerability in rural areas, opening Primary Health Care Units, promoting health education, and combating the vector mosquito.

Assessment of sociodemographic, health, and quality of life characteristics of elderly individual

2025-04-30T05:53:30-03:00

Introduction: Interest in the study of aging and longevity has grown due to the specific health needs of the elderly population, especially concerning chronic diseases that affect quality of life and autonomy. Aging is a process of functional decline that compromises quality of life, and promoting healthy aging aims to optimize functionality by delaying pathological conditions. Objective: To assess the sociodemographic and health characteristics, as well as the quality of life, of elderly individuals. Methodology: This is a quantitative, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study. A total of 301 elderly individuals, of both sexes, from a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, participated. A questionnaire on sociodemographic and health characteristics and the Elderly Quality of Life Scale were used. Results: 45.18% were between 70 and 79 years old, 54.15% were male, 54.15% lived with a partner, 60.13% followed the Catholic/Christian religion, 50.83% had more than five years of education, 64.11% had a monthly income between one and two minimum wages, 69.76% were diagnosed with Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases, 50.49% used polypharmacy, and 52.82% had comorbidities. Regarding the Elderly Quality of Life Scale, the classifications obtained were regular, good, and very good. Conclusion: The findings reinforce the need for strategies to promote healthy aging, aiming to minimize the physiological effects of senescence.

Complications and failure management in Implantology

2025-04-30T11:22:15-03:00

Dental implants are a frequent procedure in dental offices, which also makes complications during surgeries common. Therefore, it is crucial that dentists adopt preventive practices to avoid these problems, strictly following the recommended standards. Today, most cases of tooth loss can be treated with implant placement. Understanding the failures is essential to improve the quality of treatments. Continuous improvement of surgical techniques and implant placement is important. This article aims to present an overview of the causes and complications that may arise during implant procedures, with the aim of preventing the occurrence of these problems. A narrative literature review study was conducted. A search was established in the databases of the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (BVS Regional), SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar, using documents published in the last ten years as search criteria.

Assessment of genomic instability induced by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

2025-04-19T08:35:14-03:00

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly enhanced the quality of life and life expectancy of people living with HIV. However, concerns about the genotoxic potential of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), particularly zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC), remain relevant. This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effects of AZT, 3TC, and their combination (2:1 ratio) in CHO-K1 cells using the alkaline comet assay. A quantitative laboratory research was carried out. Cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of each drug individually and in combination for 24 hours. DNA damage was quantified as the percentage of DNA in the comet tail. AZT significantly increased DNA damage at the two highest concentrations (900 and 1350 µM), while 3TC did not induce genotoxic effects at any concentration tested. The AZT+3TC combination caused significant DNA damage at the two highest doses compared to the negative control, with no evidence of synergistic interaction relative to AZT alone. These findings align with previous studies and highlight the importance of evaluating DNA integrity in ART regimens. The comet assay proved to be a sensitive tool for detecting NRTI-induced genotoxicity, and the data underscore the need for continued monitoring of combination therapies to ensure long-term treatment safety.

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus caprae strains isolated from hospitalized patients with bacteremia: The first description of Brazilian strains

2025-04-19T17:13:58-03:00

Staphylococcus caprae is a commensal microorganism in human and animal microbiota. Although infrequent, the literature reports this bacterium as being associated with invasive human infections. However, few studies describe the antimicrobial profiles of S. caprae strains, especially in developing countries. This paper aims to report the antimicrobial profiles of S. caprae samples isolated from blood cultures in tertiary hospitals in Brazil and investigate the antimicrobial profile worldwide. The sample identification was performed using the MALDI-TOF technique, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile was evaluated according to the methodology standardized by BrCAST. The global antimicrobial profile was assessed through a brief review. It was observed that fifty percent of the Brazilian samples showed resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, and the fluoroquinolone profile ranged from resistant to susceptible with increased exposure. In the overall antimicrobial profile, β-lactam resistance was the most frequently observed. The results of this study are important and may assist in epidemiological monitoring and appropriate medical management.

Case report: Methylmalonic acidemia in a preschool child

2025-04-16T17:23:54-03:00

Methylmalonic acidemia is an autosomal recessive disease stemming from a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. It can present either in the first days of life or have a later onset. This paper aims to present a clinical case of methylmalonic acidemia in childhood and discuss the importance of considering rare diagnoses in the investigation of challenging clinical conditions. Along with data collection from the patient, a literature review was conducted for subsequent clinical correlation. The patient is a 2-year and 9-month-old mixed-race male, presenting with vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, impaired psychomotor ability, prostration, and signs of dehydration. After numerous hospitalizations, an organic acid quantification test was performed, indicating an altered concentration profile. Subsequently, under the care of medical and nutritional specialists, a genetic panel for treatable diseases was requested, leading to a diagnosis of heterozygosity for a pathogenic variant in the MMUT gene. Treatment was initiated with a nutritionist, including vitamin supplementation and dietary restrictions, and the patient is under follow-up with a pediatric neurologist. The clinical condition is well controlled when dietary guidelines, particularly protein restriction, are followed—otherwise, metabolic decompensation may occur. It is possible to conclude the need to disseminate more information about this pathology to enable increasingly early diagnoses and, consequently, more effective treatments.

Epidemiological profile of hantavirosis in the South region of Brazil in the period of 2012-2022

2025-04-28T07:04:47-03:00

Introduction: Hantavirus is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution that represents a challenge to public health, especially in the southern region of Brazil, where there are the largest number of reported cases. It uses wild rodents as vectors, such as rats, mice, and mice. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of Hantavirus cases in the southern region of Brazil. Methodology: This is an epidemiological, ecological, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out by collecting data from secondary databases of the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), from 2012 to 2022. The following variables were considered: race, sex, age group, infection environment, confirmation criteria, and evolution. Results and discussion: During the studied period, 788 cases of Hantavirus occurred in Brazil. The southern region was the most affected, with 345 cases (43.78%). The state of Santa Catarina (SC) was the most affected, accounting for a total of 165 infected people (47.82%). In the race variable, the most affected population was white, with the number of infected people being 300. Laboratory tests make diagnosis feasible. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant implications of hantavirus infection for the health of the population in Brazil, especially in the South region, where the disease is most prevalent. Therefore, in order to combat the disease, it is of fundamental importance to implement strategies that prevent humans from coming into contact with the waste excreted by infected rodents.

Pseudo-atrial flutter in a patient with heart-failure – Case report

2025-04-29T08:22:50-03:00

This article aims to presente a case report of pseudo-atrial flutter in a 13-year-old-femal breed dog referred for examination after a positive test for dirofilariasis. The clinical examination and echocardiogram identified degenerative mitral valve disease stage ACVIM- B2. Serial ECG of the patient showed on the baseline, instead of true P waves, bursts of repetitive small deflections resembling sawtooth waves, with a frequency of 300/min (5 Hz), identified to as pseudo-atrial flutter. The P-QRS complexes were within normal reference range for the canine species.

Nutritional deficiencies after bariatric surgery: Literary review

2025-05-06T11:00:40-03:00

Bariatric surgery is one of the main approaches in the treatment of obesity, promoting weight loss and improving quality of life. However, it may lead to nutritional deficiencies due to anatomical and physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, which impair nutrient absorption. This study aims to conduct a literature review on nutritional deficiencies in adults undergoing bariatric surgery, with an emphasis on vitamin D, folic acid (B9), cobalamin (B12), and iron. Scientific literature shows that these deficiencies are frequent after the procedure, mainly due to changes in the digestive tract and the imposed dietary restrictions. The analyzed studies address these deficiencies in individuals over 18 years of age. Among the most common deficits, iron deficiency stands out, which can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. Vitamin D deficiency is also recurrent, affecting bone health and calcium absorption. Deficiency in B-complex vitamins, especially B9 and B12, can cause significant neurological changes. Given this scenario, continuous nutritional follow-up is essential, including laboratory evaluation and appropriate supplementation. This approach contributes to the prevention of complications, supports recovery, and improves long-term quality of life. Multidisciplinary care is indispensable for the success of the treatment and the well-being of patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Cesarean section: An informed choice or an imposed norm?

2025-05-01T23:50:31-03:00

Objective: Cesarean section is a method of childbirth involving surgical intervention. Its high prevalence in Brazil contrasts with the World Health Organization’s recommendation, which considers a cesarean rate between 10% and 15% to be acceptable. This study aimed to identify the external factors influencing the choice of delivery method among pregnant women in the municipality of Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Methods: This was a descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study conducted through an online questionnaire. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Unifenas (Approval No. 7.294.822/2024). A total of 30 women who had gone through the decision-making process regarding their delivery method participated in the study. Results: Although the sample size was limited, the study revealed that cesarean sections—while clinically necessary in certain cases—are often chosen due to external influences. These include medical guidance, negative experiences in previous deliveries, fear of complications, and fear of labor pain. Conclusion: The findings suggest that, in order to establish a humanized model of care, healthcare professionals should place pregnant women at the center of the decision-making process regarding the mode of delivery. It is essential to ensure access to high-quality information and to provide active listening to address doubts and concerns.

Fragment reattachment in coronal fractures: Innovation, conservation and long-lasting

2025-04-27T10:20:53-03:00

The treatment of dental crown fractures has evolved with the introduction of minimally invasive techniques, with fragment reattachment being an effective alternative to restore both the function and aesthetics of the affected tooth. This approach, by preserving the original tooth structure, offers more natural and aesthetic results, especially in anterior teeth. However, the success of this procedure depends on a number of factors, including preservation of the fragment, adequate cavity preparation, the correct choice of adhesive materials and the reattachment technique used. In addition, the storage time of the fragment and adequate post-treatment management are crucial for the longevity of the treatment. This study seeks to explore these aspects, analyzing the reattachment techniques, the materials used and the clinical implications of the treatment of dental crown fractures. The literature highlights the importance of correct storage of fragments after trauma and the use of adhesion techniques that ensure the integrity of the restoration in the long term. In economic terms, reattachment presents itself as an affordable alternative compared to more invasive treatments, such as the fabrication of crowns. The analysis of the results showed that, when properly indicated and performed, reattaching offers an effective and low-cost solution for patients with crown fractures, maintaining dental aesthetics and occlusal function. The conclusion reinforces the relevance of this technique in the conservative treatment of dental fractures, highlighting the need for technical care and post-treatment follow-up for long-term success.

Regular Physical Activity: The impact on preventive health

2025-04-29T08:26:01-03:00

The definition of physical activity is understood as any voluntary body movement produced by the skeletal muscles, resulting in energy expenditure that is above resting levels. Therefore, physical exercises are understood as a subset of planned, structured and repetitive physical activity that aims to improve and maintain physical conditioning or improve health. Objective: to understand the practice of regular physical activity and the impacts on the individual's preventive health. Methodology: Integrative review of qualitative and quantitative nature. Results: a synthesis of the distributions of scientific productions on the practice of regular physical activity was made. Thus, 20 authors were identified (16 journals and 4 books on Scientific Methodology). Final considerations: The impact on preventive health, regular physical activity is recommended to keep the individual active. Therefore, several benefits are proven for health prevention. Thus, the regular practice of physical activity is a determinant for health promotion and reduction of the risk of diseases in different age groups.

Diagnosis and treatment of lipoma on the face: Case report

2025-05-08T08:05:16-03:00

Introduction: Lipomas are benign tumors composed of mature adipose tissue and are the most common mesenchymal tumors. This article aims to present the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of these lesions, based on a clinical case report. Methodology: his report was prepared in accordance with the CARE Statement, based on a retrospective analysis of clinical data and examinations, with the patient's informed consent and ethical approval in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Brazilian National Health Council Resolution No. 466/2012. Case Report: A 51-year-old male patient presented with a complaint of swelling in the left buccal region, with a lesion located in the left masseter muscle. Ultrasonography revealed a nodule with characteristics suggestive of a lipoma. The diagnostic hypothesis was confirmed by excisional biopsy, which revealed the presence of a lipoma. Surgical excision was successfully performed without postoperative complications. Discussion: Although rare in the facial region, lipomas typically present as slow-growing, painless, and mobile lesions. When located in deep areas or near vital structures, early identification may be challenging. Clinical diagnosis, when combined with imaging, is essential for surgical planning. As in this case, computed tomography and ultrasonography are crucial for lesion characterization. Complete excision is the treatment of choice, with low recurrence rates. Conclusion: Thorough clinical evaluation, combined with complementary imaging and a well-planned surgical approach, is essential for successful treatment. Complete excision of the lipoma ensures a favorable prognosis with minimal risk of recurrence.

Self-medication and its impacts on public health in Brazil

2025-04-03T07:54:11-03:00

Self-medication is defined as the practice of taking medicinal substances without the advice and/or supervision of a qualified health professional with the intention of bringing benefits in the treatment of diseases or relief of symptoms. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of self-medication in Brazil and understand habits and patterns of consumption and context related to this practice. The methodology was based on a literature review with studies in several areas of health to identify determining factors and consequences of self-medication. Studies indicate that the prevalence of self-medication in Brazil is more frequent among women and the elderly. This inappropriate practice can generate undesirable effects and consequences, such as iatrogenic diseases, poisoning, drug interactions and also masking of progressive diseases, becoming a problem to be prevented and warned about. Some factors that facilitate self-medication in the country include easy access to over-the-counter medications, recommendations from family and friends, and a large number of pharmaceutical product advertisements that sell the idea of "well-being" after using the product. Given the evidence gathered in the literature, self-medication in Brazil is a widespread practice that requires attention from authorities and health workers to promote the rational use of medications and raise awareness among the population about the seriousness of self-medication.

The impact of screen use on children and teenager's mental health as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, through the perception of the guardians in the State of Sergipe, Brazil

2025-05-03T08:52:43-03:00

Introduction: The social distancing imposed to thousands of people's lives during the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in various changes on their daily routine, among them, the increase on the usage of screens, especially in the children and teen population. It is also known that the excessive use of these gadgets have consequences on the neurodevelopment. Goal: To assess the impact of the excessive use of eletronic devices on mental health during the pandemic in Sergipe. Methodology: Ecological, discreptive, exploratory and observational study, through the perception of the gardians about the consequences generated by the use of screens through the application of a stadardized questionaire (Google Forms), including sociodemografic, epedemiologic and data. Results: The acquired data show that the increase of screen time, as well as the consequences of its excessive use, like: anxiety symptoms, increase in anger issues, image distortion (body dysmorphia) and learning difficulties. Conclusion: Based on the acquired information it is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted significantly the abusive use of screens, generating consequences to the mental health of children and teenagers.

Performance evaluation in the work process performed by the nurse as a management tool

2025-05-12T14:38:24-03:00

Introduction: Performance evaluation has emerged as a strategic management tool, contributing to professional development, the qualification of care, and the alignment of institutional goals. Objective: to reveal the performance evaluation process carried out by nurses in relation to nursing workers undergoing functional readaptation at a university hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Methodology: a qualitative and descriptive study carried out at a university hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Nineteen nurses linked to the Single Legal Regime participated, working in different services or support units, through semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed and interpreted according to content analysis, Minayo's operational proposal. Results: the information converged into two categories, namely: communication, as one of the strategies used by nurses; and evaluation as a management tool. Conclusion: the nurses used communication as the main element in the evaluation process and in the daily observation process of the worker, without using formal methods.

The benefits of immunotherapy and the impact of available therapies for metastatic melanoma on the clinical outcome of patients in the Unified Health System (SUS)

2025-05-02T18:09:47-03:00

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes and can manifest itself in any region of the body in the form of spots, nevi or moles. It accounts for 3% of cutaneous neoplasms and has a high metastatic capacity and mortality rate. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits of immunotherapy on progression-free survival and overall survival in relation to the standard therapy available for the treatment of metastatic melanoma in the Unified Health System (SUS). A narrative review was carried out, analyzing 18 scientific articles selected from the PubMed, Cochrane and Scielo databases, covering the last 10 years. The inclusion criteria were complete articles in Portuguese, English or Spanish, including systematic reviews, meta-analyses and cohort or randomized studies. The data obtained reinforces the greater efficacy and lower toxicity of immunotherapy compared to chemotherapy with dacarbazine in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, highlighting it as a promising therapeutic alternative. Despite the superior clinical outcome of immunotherapy over chemotherapy with dacarbazine, especially with regard to progression-free survival and overall survival, challenges remain regarding its widespread implementation in the SUS, especially in the financial sphere. This highlights the need to develop strategies aimed at democratizing access to immunotherapy in the context of metastatic melanoma, since, despite the high cost, the benefit for patients with advanced metastatic melanoma is undeniable, with a significant improvement in quality of life.

Being a family caregiver for a person with Alzheimer's Disease: Unequal care

2025-05-01T23:50:27-03:00

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that affects memory, cognition, and autonomy, requiring continuous care. In most cases, this care is provided by women who are part of the patient’s family. This dynamic reveals the negative sociocultural impacts associated with caregiving. This study aims to understand the repercussions and feelings experienced by female caregivers participating in a Mutual Help Group (GAM). It is a qualitative research study that uses Bardin's content analysis method. Additionally, data categorization was conducted using the software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ), employing classical lexicographic analysis tools and Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). Five thematic classes were identified and organized into three subgroups: repercussions of caregiving, strengths, and vulnerabilities. The results show that, although there are forms of support that help address the challenges, vulnerabilities still weigh more heavily on the caregivers' experiences. This suggests that the imbalance is linked to social gender constructs that place the responsibility for caregiving almost exclusively on women, which affects their physical and mental health. Thus, the study reinforces the importance of considering gender in caregiving discussions and of proposing public policies that recognize these contexts and support the caregiving role.

Understanding of physiotherapists working in intensive care in hospitals in Bahia about palliative care

2025-05-08T17:52:51-03:00

Objective: To analyze the perception and knowledge of physiotherapists working in intensive care units about Palliative Care, in addition to describing the sociodemographic profile of these professionals in hospitals in Bahia. Methodology: Descriptive and quantitative study, carried out from September to October 2023 with physiotherapists who completed an online form, containing sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions about Palliative Care and the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS). The descriptive analysis of the participants' characteristics included frequencies, means, medians, standard deviations and interquartile ranges. The normality of non-categorical variables was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results: Forty-one physiotherapists aged 25 to 43 years participated, 58.5% of whom were female. The average time since graduation was 8.86 years, and 80.5% had a specialization. 75.6% indicated that the information acquired during graduation was not sufficient for effective performance in Palliative Care, however, according to the perception of these professionals, 56.1% claim to be prepared to work in the area, and 48.8% have experience with patients in this scenario. In the PaCKS Scale, the majority responded as expected, but there was a notable incidence of incorrect answers in the first two items. Conclusion: There is a need for adjustments in academic training, strengthening interprofessional communication and promoting a comprehensive understanding of Palliative Care among physiotherapists.

The dental record: Importance as a legal document and a safeguard against litigation

2025-05-06T11:21:12-03:00

This article aims to understand the legal relevance of dental records as essential documents and means of evidence for the defense and protection of dentists in ethical, administrative, and judicial proceedings. The present review seeks to provide references regarding the importance of dental records as legal documents. Twenty articles published between 2016 and 2025 were selected from the SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PubMed, LILACS, CAPES Journals, Google Scholar, and Virtual Health Library databases, using the following descriptors: “Medical Records”; “Dental Legislation”; “Documentation” and “Forensic Dentistry”. Results: We selected 20 scientific articles focused on the importance of dental records, classified as follows: literature review (8), integrative review (3), descriptive cross-sectional research (4), review article (1), field research (1), analytical quantitative research (1), experience report (1), and qualitative study (1).

The intestinal microbiome in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis: Perspectives and therapeutic implications

2025-05-12T17:20:31-03:00

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that uses several mechanisms to establish itself and remain in the gastric mucosa. It is estimated that approximately 48.6% of the world's adult population is affected by the infection, with developing countries being the most affected. In addition to the direct effects of the bacteria on the stomach, the infection can disturb the balance of the intestinal microbiome, contributing to the development of a series of gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, it is important to highlight that the intestinal microbiome is responsible for functions related to maintaining the body's homeostatic balance. Objectives: To explore the interaction between the intestinal microbiome and H. pylori and to understand the therapeutic implications in gastritis. Methodology: This is a narrative review of the scientific literature through the selection of studies in bibliographic databases between 2014 and 2024. Results and Discussion: It is observed that the intestinal microbiome undergoes changes due to H. pylori infection and the use of antibiotics used in the treatment of this condition. This dysbiosis contributes to the emergence of several gastrointestinal disorders. Therefore, the use of probiotics as an adjuvant treatment has shown great potential, however, its isolated use cannot completely eradicate the bacteria from the gastric mucosa. Conclusion: H. pylori-induced gastritis is recognized as a public health issue on a global scale. In addition to its role in the pathogenicity of gastritis, the impact of the intestinal microbiome on this process has been established. Thus, understanding the interaction between H. pylori and the microbiome is essential to develop effective therapeutic approaches.

Integrating Cybersecurity into Veterinary Medicine: Protecting Animal Health Data and Systems

2024-10-13T13:17:34-03:00

Cyberbiosecurity is an emerging field at the convergence of life sciences and the digital world. The aim of this study is to analyze the importance of cyber security for veterinary clinics, practices, laboratories and hospitals by presenting the dangers, consequences and methodologies for defending against cyber attacks. During the practice of veterinary medicine, the storage of a significant amount of high-value data makes veterinary practices, clinics, laboratories and hospitals significant targets for cybercriminals. Currently, veterinary institutions have been victims of cyber attacks mainly through suspicious emails (phishing), text messages (smishing) and voice calls (vishing). Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to implement security measures that can protect veterinary institutions from attacks by cybercriminals.

Epidemiological profile of sepsis hospitalization in the Southern Region from 2019 to 2023: A cross-sectional study

2025-05-14T15:21:26-03:00

Sepsis is an inappropriate response of the body to infections, which can lead to multiple organ failure. Early detection and rapid intervention are essential to reduce the mortality associated with this condition. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized due to sepsis in the southern region of Brazil, using data from the SUS Hospital Morbidity Information System (SIH/SUS) covering the period from 2019 to 2023. The research was quantitative, descriptive, and deductive in nature, conducted through a cross-sectional and retrospective analysis. The data were tabulated and analyzed in Excel, with the creation of tables and graphs to represent the distribution by age group, gender, and race. The results showed that 2023 had the highest incidence of hospitalizations due to sepsis, followed by 2022, with a predominance of white patients (77.2%), male patients (51.5%), and those in the 70 to 79 age group (21.8%). Over the five-year period, 135,618 hospitalizations were recorded in the region, indicating a high occurrence of the disease, which is often underestimated. It is concluded that the increase in sepsis incidence, especially in the post-pandemic years, underscores the need for ongoing studies and preventive measures to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with the disease.

Epidemiological profile of pediatric patients with leukemia in the state of Sergipe

2025-05-08T17:52:54-03:00

Introduction: Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer, accounting for about 30% of malignancies in children under 15. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for 75–80% of cases, followed by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 15–20%. Less common subtypes include juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Genetic, environmental, and immunological factors are associated with its etiology, with a higher incidence in boys aged 1 to 4 years. Diagnosis is based on bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, and immunophenotyping, and treatment involves chemotherapy, potentially including radiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. This study evaluated the epidemiological factors associated with childhood leukemia at the Emergency Hospital of Sergipe (HUSE), between August 2019 and July 2024. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive, and observational study was conducted through the review of 406 medical records of pediatric cancer patients. A total of 66 confirmed cases of leukemia were selected. Data were organized in a spreadsheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics and specific tests. A literature review was also carried out, including 31 articles published between 2018 and 2025. Results: Leukemias accounted for 16% of cancer cases, with a predominance of ALL and males. Lymphoid leukemias occurred in younger age groups. Bone marrow aspiration and immunophenotyping were essential for diagnosis. Chemotherapy was the main treatment, and follow-up and survival rates were satisfactory. Conclusion: The identified profile may support strategies for early diagnosis and strengthening of pediatric oncology care in Sergipe.

Oral microbiota and elderly population: A bibliometric review

2025-05-17T08:24:37-03:00

Bibliometrics has become a fundamental quantitative tool for mapping the research output of scholars, leading journals, academic institutions, and countries. The oral microbiota is a recently studied concept that plays an important role in the process of health and disease, especially concerning the aging process. The present study aimed to conduct a bibliometric review to analyze the evolution of publications on the terms of "oral microbiota" and "elderly population. The data was extracted from Scopus. Data on authors, countries, most cited journals, co-authorship between countries and authors, co-occurrence of keywords, co-occurrence of keywords based on the year of publication and co-citation of references were analyzed using the VOSviewer software. A total of 619 documents (1970–2024) were retrieved, with a significant rise in publications from 2018 and a peak in 2021. Ghannoum MA, the United States, and PLOS ONE were the most cited author, country, and journal, respectively. The most recurrent keywords included “oral microbiota” (n=173), “microbiota” (n=53), “oral microbiome” (n=51), “saliva” (n=45), and “periodontitis” (n=44). Findings highlight the increasing research interest in the relationship between oral microbiota and aging, particularly in oral health and diet, emphasizing its relevance in elderly care.

Psychological interventions can have a positive impact on the treatment of individuals with psoriasis

2025-05-23T12:05:59-03:00

Psoriasis is a chronic condition that affects not only the skin, but also the mental health and quality of life of affected patients. Studies have shown the relevance of psychological interventions, such as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mindfulness practices, in managing the disease. This study aims to review the literature on the effectiveness of psychological interventions in the treatment of psoriasis, analyzing their impact on clinical symptoms and quality of life. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, including clinical trials, observational studies and meta-analyses. The sources were selected based on relevance and methodological rigor, focusing on outcomes related to mental health, dermatological manifestations and quality of life. The results indicate that psychological interventions, especially CBT and mindfulness, are effective in reducing stress, anxiety and depression, as well as promoting improvements in the perception of the severity of psoriasis and in patients' quality of life and in the way they themselves perceive the severity of psoriasis, regardless of medical assessment. Limitations include the heterogeneity of research methods and the variation in evaluation criteria, which makes it difficult to generalize the results. Most studies have small sample sizes and short follow-ups. The integration of psychological interventions in the treatment of psoriasis is important for a holistic management of the condition, highlighting the importance of addressing both the physical and emotional aspects of the disease.

Drug treatments and lifestyle changes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A narrative review of the literature

2025-05-23T15:48:41-03:00

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. A set of hormonal imbalances, such as increased androgen production and insulin resistance, is responsible for the clinical picture of this condition, including significant dermatological manifestations. So, strategies such as diet, weight control and exercise are used in PCOS therapy, complementing drugs such as oral contraceptives, metformin and antiandrogens. The objective of this systematic review is to analyze the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for managing hyperandrogenism and the dermatological manifestations associated with PCOS.

Pharmacological Interventions in the Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - Current Evidence and Therapeutic Challenges

2025-05-16T08:15:59-03:00

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric condition, characterized by persistent worry and diffuse somatic symptoms, with significant impact on functionality, quality of life, and the healthcare system. Objective: To critically review the current literature on pharmacological interventions for GAD, focusing on efficacy, safety, clinical applicability, and therapeutic gaps. Materials and Methods: An exploratory integrative review was conducted across four databases (BVS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and PubMed), using the PICO approach and systematic selection criteria, with 20 articles fully analyzed between 2010 and 2025. Results and Discussion: Although SSRIs and SNRIs remain first-line therapies, clinical limitations such as partial response and sustained adverse effects justify the growing use of alternatives like pregabalin, quetiapine, and multimodal antidepressants (vilazodone, vortioxetine), as well as emerging approaches with ketamine, agomelatine, and glutamatergic or chronobiological agents. These interventions show benefits in specific subgroups but still face methodological, economic, and safety constraints that limit widespread implementation. Conclusion: Despite the expansion of the pharmacological arsenal, major challenges remain in the individualized management of GAD, especially given clinical heterogeneity and the lack of predictive biomarkers. The consolidation of personalized medicine strategies, supported by pragmatic studies and equitable access policies, will be essential to improve the real-world effectiveness of pharmacological interventions.

The discipline of work physiotherapy in public universities in Brazil: Document analysis and research agenda

2025-05-16T08:15:49-03:00

This work aims to analyze the curriculum matrix of physiotherapy courses at public universities in Brazil, focusing on disciplines that address topics related to occupational physiotherapy. The study is a documentary research based on primary sources. The analysis covered the names of the disciplines, workload hours, and associated thematic areas, highlighting significant heterogeneity among institutions regarding curriculum organization. Although training in occupational physiotherapy involves content such as ergonomics, prevention of occupational diseases, and rehabilitation, the distribution and depth of these topics vary considerably. The study also emphasizes the need to systematically integrate psychosocial risks into the curriculum matrix, expanding the physiotherapist's role in promoting mental and physical health in work environments. Such an approach is essential considering the new demands of the labor market, which require professionals capable of working in an interdisciplinary and preventive manner. The article proposes a research agenda aimed at strengthening the teaching of occupational physiotherapy, involving themes such as the effectiveness of training, pedagogical innovation, curricular integration, and the use of educational technologies. The findings provide initial insights to guide curriculum development and encourage academic policies that value occupational physiotherapy as a strategic area of professional practice.

Protocol for improvement and implementation based on mobile pre-hospital care feedback focused on first rescuers

2025-02-26T14:43:27-03:00

According to Brazilian legislation, rescuers must undergo training programs. In this sense, it may be advantageous to develop training and continuing education based on each professional's own experiences, in order to optimize and improve the services provided to drivers and pedestrians during incidents. One of these methods is called feedback. Thus, the main purpose of this work was to develop a learning and improvement protocol based on rescuers' own experiences, with the aim of training and optimizing the work of these professionals. The systematized method presented in this work consists of two phases, the first of which is composed of the occurrence and the second of the post-occurrence (5 stages), in which rescuers will undergo a process of improvement and learning, based on their own experiences and experiences. In the first stage of the second phase, the team will receive a questionnaire with a maximum of 6 questions. For the elaboration of the questions, the Ishikawa diagram, also known as Cause and Effect Diagram or Fishbone diagram, which was adapted to the reality of rescuers, will be followed. It is concluded that the systematized method presented by the present work can effectively contribute to the process of improvement and learning of rescuers. Since it uses its own experiences and experiences, it also contextualizes it for a more dynamic learning.

Epidemiological Profile of Women Experiencing Domestic Violence in Brazil

2025-04-10T08:29:52-03:00

Violence against women is a complex issue that can be analyzed from multiple perspectives, including social, biological, psychological, and epidemiological. The objective is to analyze the epidemiological profile of women in situations of intimate partner violence in Brazil over the last 10 years. Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), made available by the SUS Department of Informatics (DATASUS). A total of 1,974,090 cases of violence were analyzed, focusing on geographic, temporal, and sociodemographic variations. The highest incidence occurred in the Southeast region, with 4.97 cases per 1,000 people. The study revealed a substantial increase in cases, particularly in 2023. The most affected age group was women between 20 and 29 years old. In terms of race, mixed-race (Parda) women accounted for 3.83% of cases, followed by white (3.61%) and Black women (0.83%). Women of other ethnicities showed lower percentages. Regarding education, most victims had completed high school. Poisoning was the most frequent type of violence (1.93%), followed by assaults with objects. The home was the most common location, accounting for 69.66% of cases. The spouse was the perpetrator in 1.92% of incidents. The continuous rise in reports may reflect both an increase in violence and greater public awareness to report it. Given these findings, it is clear that there is a need to strengthen public policies for women's protection, invest in female empowerment, and expand support networks to ensure safe and fair conditions for women in Brazil.

The interaction between immunity, oxidative stress and severity of childhood asthma

2025-04-29T08:19:00-03:00

Introduction: Childhood asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects millions of children worldwide and represents a major public health challenge. It is characterized by airway inflammation, mainly mediated by cytokines, with exaggerated activation of innate immunity. Factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposure, and maternal smoking contribute to the imbalance between Th1 and Th2 helper T cells, leading to increased vascular permeability, mucus hypersecretion, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and bronchoconstriction. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for effective disease management. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the interaction between immune response and oxidative stress in childhood asthma, as well as to identify relevant biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies. Methodology: A descriptive narrative review was conducted based on research from PubMed and Google Scholar, including 21 studies published between 2011 and 2025. Results: The interaction between environmental stressors and the airway epithelial barrier plays a critical role in the immunological response of asthma. Biomarkers such as CRTH2 and eosinophil count in sputum have proven useful in assessing disease severity. Th1 and Th2 cytokines have been implicated in asthma exacerbations, highlighting the immunological complexity of the disease. Conclusion: Although advances such as FeNO measurement and biological therapies have improved asthma management, challenges remain, particularly in treating non-Th2 phenotypes, emphasizing the need for more individualized approaches.

Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in chronic kidney disease: A narrative review

2025-04-24T15:12:03-03:00

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is characterized by a group of vast clinical or subclinical manifestations, which affect the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) as a complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). DN affects 20 to 40% of patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and at least one in three of those with type 2 DM. This study is a narrative review with the purpose of discussing and describing the main risk factors for DN in CKD in its clinical context. The following databases were used: SciElo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and PubMed (US National Library of Medicine), with language restrictions (Portuguese) and giving priority to articles published between 2010 and 2022. This review highlights the importance of ND in the scenario of morbidity and mortality in patients with DM. In addition to its high prevalence, it is associated with a high frequency of CKD, making it the second most costly diabetic complication. As risk factors are associated with a genetic predisposition, lifestyle habits and chronic diseases, further studies on the molecular bases of the disease, other mediators of kidney damage and therapy are still necessary in order to prevent and delay kidney complications caused by DM.

Relationship between frailty, prognostic scores, and functional tests in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2025-04-25T08:33:43-03:00

Introduction: The aging of the population has raised concerns about the health conditions of the elderly and the relationship with their functional capacity. The present study aims to present an evaluation of the relationship between frailty and prognostic scores and functional tests in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The impact of frailty on the clinical and functional control of COPD has been investigated and there are already recommendations for early management of these patients. Methodology: Comparative analyses between the groups were performed using the unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test and Chi-square test via Monte Carlo simulation, and Fisher's exact test. Brightness analyses between the Frailty Indicator (IVCF) and the other variables were performed using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. A confidence level of 80% (CI80%) was chosen, corresponding to an α error of 0.20. This choice was motivated by the limitations of the reduced team and the short time available for data collection. Results: According to the data obtained, the increase in IVCF (greater frailty) was correlated with lower performance in the 6MWT (r=-0.35; p=0.041), lower FEV1 (r=-0.38; p=0.026) and reduction in total lung capacity (FVC) (r=-0.35; p=0.039). The IVCF also showed positive correlations between the presence of frailty and moderate to severe symptoms, with a higher CAT score (r=0.59; p=0.000) and worsening of the prognosis with higher numbers in the BODE index (r=0.35; p=0.038). Conclusion: Frail patients screened by IVCF have worse clinical and functional conditions than non-frail patients.

Analysis of the impacts of the System for Registration and Monitoring of Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients (HIPERDIA) and the Mais Médicos program on hospitalizations and deaths due to heart failure in Pará between 1984 and 2022

2025-04-27T09:06:46-03:00

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent chronic condition and a significant public health challenge, characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood effectively. This study aims to analyze the impacts on the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) of the Registration and Monitoring System for Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients (HIPERDIA) and the Mais Médicos program regarding hospitalization and mortality rates due to heart failure in the state of Pará, from 1984 to 2022. Primary Health Care (PHC), as the preferred entry point to SUS, is essential for early detection of risk factors, continuous follow-up, and prevention of complications. The HIPERDIA program, implemented in 2002, aims to control hypertension and diabetes, having a strong impact on HF prevention. The Mais Médicos program, created in 2013, expanded PHC coverage in remote regions of the Amazon. This is an ecological, retrospective, and quantitative study based on data from 1984 to 2022. A significant decrease in HF mortality was observed, from 15.51 to fewer than 10 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, along with a stabilization of hospitalizations below 100 per 100,000 starting in 2008. Despite this, absolute deaths increased from 664 (2013) to 844 (2022). It is concluded that strengthening PHC contributes to early HF management, reduced hospitalizations, and improved quality of life for patients.

Association of the severity of acute kidney injury and mortality in patients 65 years old or ever admitted to a medical clinic ward

2025-04-29T08:25:55-03:00

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an important health problem that can be predisposed by several conditions, including age, sepsis and comorbidities. Objectives: Evaluate the intensity of AKI in non-critical elderly patients admitted to an infirmary and its association with general mortality. Methods: Case-control, observational, retrospective and randomized study, matched by sex and age group, of elderly patients admitted to an infirmary over a period of one year. Non-critical patients aged over 65 years at the time of hospital admission were included and those with less than two serum creatinine measurements, undergoing renal replacement treatment before admission or coming from an intensive care unit were excluded. Results: 214 patients were evaluated, 50% of each sex, aged 77±7 (66–98) years old, with a hospital stay of 12±10 (1–85) days, of which 35 of the sample were .5% (n= 76) with AKI. There were 12.6% (n= 27) deaths and 1.4% (n= 3) required renal replacement treatment. There was an increase in the length of hospital stay in patients with AKI (p = 0.004) and was associated with mortality in those who developed AKI: stage 1 AKI: 21.3% (n = 13/62); AKI stage 2 - 25% (n = 1/4) and AKI stage 3 - 37.5% (n = 3/8). Conclusion: Elderly hospitalized patients frequently presented AKI, with progressive mortality with AKI staging, showing how important the early diagnosis is for clinical reversal.

Tooth whitening: Sensitivity and alternatives for patient comfort

2025-04-18T09:14:26-03:00

Dental whitening is an aesthetic procedure widely sought by patients seeking to improve the appearance of their teeth by treating darkening and discoloration. This study aimed to report the different whitening techniques, such as supervised home whitening and in-office whitening, highlighting their indications, results and effects on tooth sensitivity. Tooth sensitivity, one of the most common side effects, occurs due to the use of peroxides in high concentrations, which, when penetrating the dentinal tubules, cause pain and discomfort. Methods to minimize this sensitivity are described, including the use of desensitizing agents, such as potassium nitrate, fluorides and hydroxyapatite. An integrative bibliographic review was carried out and a search was established in the SciELO, PubMed and manual search databases, using documents published in the last eleven years as search criteria, with the exception of four articles from 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013. It was concluded that in-office whitening, although effective and faster, tends to generate greater sensitivity, while supervised home whitening presents a lower rate of discomfort.

Post-Covid-19 electrocardiographic and echocardiographic alteration rates in unvaccinated patients after 3 to 6 months of hospital discharge

2025-04-18T09:14:23-03:00

To investigate the degree of cardiac involvement caused by COVID-19 in patients when vaccines were not yet available and the cardiac sequelae by monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram (ECHO) exams between 90 and 180 days after discharge hospital, this study was carried out. Methodology: Patients admitted from July 2020 to January 2021 in the hospital's wards and ICUs, with a positive result for COVID-19 using the RT-PCR technique, were included and underwent electrocardiogram and echocardiogram examinations during hospitalization within 3 days of hospitalization. entry and after 90 to 180 days after hospital discharge. Results: 114 patients were included, 90 of whom were discharged. The majority of those who died had comorbid hypertension (75%) and 29.6% of patients had previous heart disease. Of the surviving patients, 29 patients underwent ECG changes, and 12 patients had ECG changes upon admission. After 90 days, only 49 patients returned for an ECG and 14 had signal of alterations. Regarding the ECHO, 45 patients returned and 16 of them had an altered ECHO. In a more detailed evaluation, using ECHO strain, it was observed that 23 patients had ECHO alterations and 17 of them did not have heart disease prior to hospitalization. Conclusion: the degree of cardiac involvement in the studied population was around 30%, excluding patients who already had heart disease prior to hospitalization. These results show that COVID-19 itself may be responsible for the sequelae of cardiac injury.

Development of health educational action for individuals with heart failure: Experience report

2025-04-22T14:59:59-03:00

Objective: To report the experience of a nurse resident in cardiovascular health, regarding the construction of an application project proposal in an outpatient environment for different cardiological clinics evaluated in individuals affected by heart failure, in order to improve quality of life. Methods: Experience report, with an observational, analytical approach, descriptive and qualitative in nature, following the steps of a methodological, applied research, in order to characterize itself as a process of construction and development of a product and improvement actions regarding health education and adherence of individuals to the proposed health therapies. Results and discussion: Creation of a research project based on scientific aspects, which allows the evaluation of different spheres associated with the individual affected by heart failure. Variables were defined to be evaluated and measured using validated scientific instruments, being defined as outcome and other variables. Conclusion: Individuals affected by heart failure have limitations in their quality of life, thus nursing plays an active role in the development of educational health actions, which promote greater autonomy and increase therapeutic adherence of these individuals.

The Importance of the Third Sector in the health sector in Goiânia

2025-04-16T17:23:53-03:00

This article aims to analyze the importance of the Third Sector in the health sector in Goiânia, considering its contributions to service provision, the challenges, and its prospects. The research is based on a narrative, bibliographic, and documentary review of primary sources, in addition to the analysis of secondary data on the performance of social organizations in the health management units in the capital of Goiás. The results indicate that the Third Sector has played a significant role in the health services provision, especially in the context of scarcity of public resources, contributing to the efficiency improvement and quality of care. Challenges persist in transparency, accountability, and financial sustainability in the Third Sector. It is concluded that the performance of the Third Sector is essential for the strengthening of the health system in Goiânia, as effective control and evaluation mechanisms accompany it.

Effect of vegetarian diet and physical exercise on lipid peroxidation

2025-05-06T10:58:33-03:00

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ovo-dairy-vegetarian diet (DOL) and strenuous physical exercise (EFE) on lipid peroxidation, as an indicator of oxidative stress in 10 young, healthy male students at the Instituto Adventista do Nordeste. Dietary control was monitored and evaluated for four months. Before this stage, blood samples were collected from the study group, at baseline and five minutes after the EFE on a treadmill. The same procedure was applied after dietary control. The data obtained were analyzed using the Wilcoxon method. The results showed that the adoption of DOL, under resting conditions, significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (-107.88%; p<0.001). After EFE with a free diet and with DOL, lipid peroxidation increased by 16% and reduced by 21.22%, although not significantly, respectively. These data suggest that lipid peroxidation is sensitive to an adequate ovo-dairy-vegetarian diet. If lipid peroxidation is considered an indicator of oxidative stress, it can be thought that DOL is more efficient than the free diet. The presence of antioxidants in DOL may interfere with the reduction of lipid peroxidation produced by EFE.

Impact of deep brain stimulation and antiparkinsonian drugs on quality of life and progression of Parkinson's disease: A critical analysis of the literature

2025-04-29T08:18:58-03:00

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects millions worldwide, marked by motor and non-motor symptoms resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons. While medications like levodopa are initially effective, long-term use may lead to motor complications. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a therapeutic alternative for refractory cases, acting through modulation of specific neural circuits. This narrative review analyzed three studies published between 2020 and 2024 comparing DBS and pharmacological treatment in PD. Findings indicate that DBS, particularly when targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or internal globus pallidus (GPi), significantly increases “on” time without dyskinesias, improves quality of life, and allows up to a 65% reduction in levodopa dosage. These motor benefits can persist for up to 10 years, although non-motor symptoms may continue to progress. DBS has no neuroprotective effect but shows long-term cost-effectiveness, especially when applied early. Careful patient selection is crucial, taking into account factors such as age, levodopa response, and cognitive or psychiatric comorbidities, due to possible surgical and neuropsychiatric complications. While DBS does not alter disease progression, it has a significant functional impact and may benefit in the future from adaptive systems based on neural biomarkers. In conclusion, DBS proves superior to medication alone in advanced PD for motor symptom control and quality of life, underscoring the need for further studies on its personalized use and combination with disease-modifying therapies.

The incidence of HIV/AIDS in children and its relationship with the Human Development Index - HDI

2025-05-08T08:05:09-03:00

The 1980s were marked by the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the etiological agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which had a major impact on health authorities since its discovery. In Brazil, in regions with a low HDI, there are still flaws in prenatal care that contribute to the increase in the incidence of cases, especially in children. The objective was to evaluate the correlation between the HDI and the incidence of HIV/AIDS in the Brazilian pediatric population. Open secondary data were used, online, through DataSUS and statistical analysis was performed with the Spearman test in the R software, adopting 5% significance, without the need for ethical approval. The data found demonstrate that in the years 2019-2023 the incidence of HIV in Brazilian children was higher in regions with the lowest HDI, especially in children under 5 years of age, in the North and South regions. Over the years, there was a general reduction in cases, but regional inequalities persisted. The age group from 5 to 12 years old showed a lower incidence, but also with relevant variations between regions. There was an inverse and moderate correlation between IDHM and incidence, indicating that the lower the IDHM, the higher the incidence. Based on the information obtained, it is possible to conclude in this study that there is a significant correlation between low HDI and a higher incidence of HIV/AIDS in children, varying according to the age group and year analyzed, prioritizing the importance of public primary and secondary prevention policies adapted to regional realities.

Cost assessment of medical procedures in Hospital Units: A case study

2025-04-16T17:23:59-03:00

The present study aims to present an example of real costs associated with various procedures. The methodology used is mixed, with initial exploratory research that does not go into depth, opening a line of research that can count on other subsequent works, and including a brief descriptive case study of a qualitative nature associated with direct research source in public data from a website of procedure costs. The results emphasize the importance of implementing cost assessment tools to improve decision-making processes in hospital administration and the health system.

Use of customized healing abutment in immediate implantation of tooth 36 for peri-implant tissue preservation: A case report

2025-05-01T08:20:24-03:00

The creation of a customized healing cap, an implant component that aids in healing and adequate contouring of soft tissues, can be done using fluid resin. This procedure aims to preserve the original contour of peri-implant tissues and simplify the steps by not requiring a second surgical procedure, in addition to enabling more predictable results with its use. The objective of this study was to report a clinical case of extraction of the first permanent lower left molar (tooth 36) due to root fracture, with immediate implant installation and creation of a customized healing cap, aiming to highlight the benefits of using this type of healing cap for peri-implant tissue preservation, in addition to showing the importance of CBCT for the diagnosis of root fracture. The results proved that the use of the customized healing cap contributed significantly to the maintenance of soft and hard tissues, minimizing bone resorption and promoting better aesthetics and functionality of oral rehabilitation. The importance of CBCT in aiding the diagnosis of root fractures was demonstrated. It is concluded that this approach represents a viable alternative to optimize results in immediate implants, suggesting further research to deepen its applicability in different clinical contexts.

The importance of the informed consent form in dental practice: A literature review

2025-05-09T22:29:40-03:00

Objective: To analyze the importance of the Informed Consent Form (ICF) in dental practice, considering its legal and ethical implications, as well as its role in promoting patient autonomy and safety. Methodology: A narrative literature review with a qualitative approach was carried out through a systematic search of scientific articles in the PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and CAPES Periodicals Portal databases. The following descriptors were used: “informed consent form,” “dentistry,” “legal responsibility,” “professional ethics,” and “patient safety,” in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Recent and directly relevant articles were included, while studies unrelated to dental practice were excluded. Literature review: The ICF is a fundamental instrument to ensure legality and ethics in clinical dental practice. It goes beyond a formal requirement, serving as an expression of respect for the patient's dignity and autonomy. Literature shows that the absence of the ICF, even when technical procedures are correctly performed, may lead to civil liability and compromise trust between the professional and the patient. Final considerations: It is concluded that the proper drafting and application of the ICF are essential measures to ensure the dentist’s legal protection, promote transparency in the clinical relationship, and support an ethical, responsible, and patient-centered professional practice.

The role of microbiota in skin aging: An integrative literature review

2025-04-30T05:53:25-03:00

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a fundamental role in protecting against external aggressions and maintaining homeostasis. With aging, cellular changes and alterations in the extracellular matrix occur, leading to a loss of elasticity, hydration, and increased susceptibility to damage. Scientific evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota influences skin health through the gut-skin axis, modulating inflammatory and immune processes that impact skin aging. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and skin aging, analyzing how its balance or dysbiosis can affect skin health. It is a narrative literature review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and the Virtual Health Library (VHL) were consulted using descriptors in Portuguese and English, such as "microbiota," "skin aging," and "skin."The results indicate that the composition of the intestinal microbiota can modulate the inflammatory and oxidative response of the skin, directly influencing its aging process. Studies suggest that probiotic supplementation, such as Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714, can improve hydration, elasticity, and reduce facial wrinkles. It is concluded that maintaining a balanced gut microbiome may positively contribute to skin health, delaying the signs of skin aging. Thus, strategies aimed at balancing the intestinal microbiota may represent a promising approach in preventive dermatology.

Epidemiological profile of deaths from meningitis among elderly pacientes in the state of Paraná from 2013 -2023

2025-05-12T19:37:53-03:00

Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, and can be caused by infectious agents or non-infectious conditions. It is considered a disease with high mortality and is classified as endemic in Brazil. In light of this, the objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of elderly patients who developed meningitis and progressed to death in the state of Paraná, through a descriptive analysis of morbidity and mortality indicators and the most affected regions, based on data provided by the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS). A total of 162,653 cases of meningitis were reported in Brazil between 2013 and 2023, with 8.6% of these cases occurring in elderly individuals, and 9.68% of those within the state of Paraná. A greater fluctuation in case numbers was observed in Paraná in 2021. Among the reported cases, 60.59% were discharged, while meningitis-related deaths accounted for 16.91%, of which 15.1% were male and 19.2% were female. The highest prevalence occurred in the 3rd Regional Health Division. The most affected age group was 70 to 79 years, and most deaths occurred among individuals identified as White. The main etiological cause was bacterial meningitis, accounting for 38.26% of deaths, followed by viral causes at 19.57%. The findings of this study highlight gaps in current disease case management and provide valuable data for future analyses and monitoring of public health conditions.

Dental reception strategies in Primary Health Care: From fear to adherence to treatment and from practice to learning

2025-05-06T14:03:17-03:00

The objective of this study is to report on the humanized approach to welcoming as a way to help patients overcome fear, transforming it into trust and adherence to treatment in a family clinic. An experience report study was carried out. The study focused on reporting the use of techniques proven in the literature for pain management and control of anxious behaviors in patients with a history of objective or subjective fear or trauma from previous procedures. The contribution of these strategies has an impact on improving the patient-dentist bond, on the teaching-learning process of the student and future professional in a clinical environment, promoting a more sensitive and effective performance in comprehensive care and a multidisciplinary approach. And also, in the humanized approach as central tools in oral health care. Thus, revealing the importance of care as an essential tool in the construction of a more resolutive, ethical and humanized care model, focusing on overcoming dental fear and promoting adherence to treatment by users. Therefore, care is a fundamental instrument in transforming the dental experience, strengthening trust, continuity of care and comprehensive health education.

Food and nutrition education actions for adolescents in the context of the National School Feeding Program in a municipality in Bahia: An experience report

2025-05-11T08:31:34-03:00

This study aimed to describe the practical experience of Food and Nutrition Education for adolescents, carried out through an intervention with students from the public school system. This is a descriptive study of the type of experience report on the experiences of students from the Nutrition course at Salvador University (UNIFACS), during the implementation of EAN actions in the context of the National School Feeding Program, with adolescents from elementary school classes II, in a school located in the state of Bahia. The practices were defined by nutritional diagnosis information extracted from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System - SISVAN, in the context of a public policy. These actions were carried out using a free, digital technological product, created in the format of a magazine with themes such as the importance of fruit consumption for health and the main nutrients considered to be allies of growth. Finally, a simple questionnaire was used to collect qualitative information about the performance of the technological product. The results achieved with the intervention were satisfactory and showed that EAN tools encourage and guide adolescents to change their habits effectively.

Consumption of processed cookies and the health risks for children

2025-05-14T15:21:27-03:00

The consumption of industrialized filled cookies has become increasingly common among children, raising concerns about the impact of this habit on their health. These ultra-processed products contain high levels of added sugars, saturated fats, sodium, and food additives—factors associated with rising childhood obesity rates and other non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to analyze the potential harm of consuming these foods during childhood, based on information from products sold in supermarkets in the municipality of Machado (MG), Brazil. Data were collected from nutrition labels and ingredient lists, and then compared with current legislation (RDC No. 429/2020). The analysis revealed that, although the evaluated cookies comply with legal limits, their consumption still involves high amounts of sugars, saturated fats, and additives, which may pose health risks to children, especially when consumed in excess. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce the need for nutrition education, family guidance, and stricter regulation regarding the composition and marketing of these products, aiming to protect children’s health and promote healthier eating habits from an early age.

Health education in the waiting room of a primary health car unit: Experience report

2025-05-07T06:06:55-03:00

The objective of this study was to report the experience of medical students in carrying out an educational activity on cervical cancer in the waiting room of a basic health unit, highlighting its importance in preventing and encouraging preventive examinations. This is a descriptive study, of the experience report type, the activity was carried out by medical students under the guidance of the preceptor, the approach involved clarification about risk factors, importance of the Pap smear, prevention with HPV vaccine, symptoms and treatment. The results showed that the public had a significant participation, with intense interaction and clarification of questions. several participants expressed interest in scheduling the Pap smear. It is concluded that the educational action in the waiting room was efficient in raising awareness about cervical cancer, encouraging prevention and strengthening the connection between the health team and the community.

Hygiene of food establishments in Southern Minas Gerais

2025-05-17T08:24:39-03:00

The present study aims to evaluate good food production practices in restaurants located in the cities of Alfenas–MG and Carmo do Rio Claro–MG. The research was conducted using a checklist adjusted according to Resolution RDC nº 216/2004 and Resolution RDC nº 275/2002, both from ANVISA (Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency). Six restaurants were evaluated, and the collected data were distributed in graphs for analysis and evaluation. The analysis was divided into three modules: I - Building and Facilities; II - Equipment, Furniture, and Utensils; and III - Food Handlers. For the evaluation of each module, three different options were used: FC (fully complies), PC (partially complies), and NA (not applicable). The establishments were classified as satisfactory approval (76%-100%), regular approval (51%-75%), and disapproval (0%-50%). The results highlight the need for awareness among professionals working in the food sector regarding the importance of adhering to and observing regulations, with the implementation of good manufacturing practices and hygienic-sanitary control, providing a safe and quality food service.

The contribution of forensic dentistry in human identification: A narrative review

2025-05-05T06:35:42-03:00

Forensic odontology analysis is of utmost importance for human identification, especially in situations where DNA analysis methods or fingerprints become unfeasible. The objective of this article is to discuss the relevance and multiple applications of Forensic Dentistry in the human identification process, focusing on the comparative use of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental data as the main identifying method in forensic scenarios with compromised remains. This study is a narrative review of the literature with articles published from 2016 to 2024, through consultations in the databases of the National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), and Science Direct, with 12 articles selected for the research. The adopted methodology allowed the categorization of evidence in different forensic approaches, such as the use of radiographs, plaster models, dental implants, and absence of elements, and digital overlay techniques. The results demonstrated that elements such as updated dental records, procedures like restorations, and implant records are decisive in identifying victims, even under adverse conditions like carbonization or decomposition. Thus, it is concluded that the standardization of dental records and the adoption of digital technologies strengthen forensic action, consolidating Forensic Dentistry as an effective, ethical, and accessible tool in defense of the right to identity.

The importance of nursing work in the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries: A literature review

2025-05-08T08:05:11-03:00

Pressure injuries (PI) represent a major challenge in hospital care, especially for patients with reduced mobility. These injuries cause serious complications, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased healthcare costs. This study aimed to analyze best nursing practices in the prevention and treatment of PI. This is an integrative review conducted in LILACS and SciELO databases, covering studies published between 2021 and 2025. After screening 229 articles, 20 were selected. Results highlighted the relevance of the Braden Scale, frequent repositioning, special mattresses, and Nursing Care Systematization (NCS). It is concluded that continuous professional training is crucial for reducing the incidence of PI.

Autistic Children Caregivers´ Perspective about Healthcare Services in Cruzeiro do Sul municipality (state of Acre, Brazil)

2025-05-12T14:38:29-03:00

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in communication, social interaction, and behavior. The objective of this study was to analyze the patient´s caregivers’ perception about the healthcare services in Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, considering the quality, effectiveness, accessibility, and continuity offered. Given the increase in case numbers and challenges faced by families, this research evaluated the perception of 111 ASD children’s caregivers regarding healthcare services in Cruzeiro do Sul–AC. This is an observational type research with a quantitative approach and cross-sectional design, using a structured questionnaire. It was observed a predominance of males (68.5%), with an age between 3 and 8 years (55.9%), and diagnosis by the age of 3 in 87.4% of cases. ADHD was the main comorbidity. Regarding access to healthcare services, 92.8% consider them accessible, and 99.1% rated the physical environment as adequate. All children are supported by a multidisciplinary team and 93.7% approve the provided medical care. However, 58.6% reported stress due to time spent in waiting and 15.4% experienced some disrespect. It is concluded that the municipality has a functional support network, but still requires advances in professional qualification, reduced waiting times and an enhanced more efficient primary care.

Clinical and epidemiological analysis of gastric and duodenal ulcer cases in Brazil between 2017 and 2024

2025-04-29T08:20:58-03:00

Introduction: Gastric and duodenal ulcers are prevalent conditions that affect the mucosa of the stomach and duodenum, respectively, and are associated with a significant impact on public health. Therefore, this article aims to provide a quantitative and temporal analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of gastric and duodenal ulcers from January 2017 to September 2024. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study carried out based on data from the health information department of the SUS (Unified Health System). The variables used were: hospital admissions, deaths, age group, color/race, sex, hospital expenses, and health macroregion.Methodology: This is an epidemiological study carried out based on data from the health information department of the SUS (Unified Health System). The variables used were: hospital admissions, deaths, age group, color/race, sex, hospital expenses and health macro-region. Results: 86,505 hospitalizations were due to ulcers and in the period analyzed the highest number of hospitalizations was in 2013. The Southeast region was the most reported regarding the number of hospitalizations and the one where most individuals died due to complications. The largest age group affected was between 60 and 69 years old. Males were the gender most affected by this pathology. Regarding ethnicity, more brown patients were hospitalized. In addition, the Southeast region had the highest average number of days of hospitalization. Conclusion: Understanding these trends is essential for formulating effective public health policies and for better allocation of resources for treating these diseases. In addition, epidemiological analysis can guide preventive actions, such as educational campaigns on the appropriate use of NSAIDs and the need to eradicate H. pylori.

Integration of biomedical devices and the internet of bodies revolution

2025-05-20T15:47:14-03:00

The Internet of Bodies (IoB) represents the convergence between digital technologies and devices added to the body externally, internally or implanted, configuring a new frontier in health monitoring, diagnosis and interventions. The aim of this study is to analyze the foundations of the IoB, its current and future applications, the risks of cyber attacks associated with privacy and data security, and possible ethical dilemmas. The article is based on recent studies dealing with the implementation of body devices in clinical, wellness and biometric surveillance contexts. The results point to the need for a bioethical debate beyond regulations.

Physical and recreational activity in the life of institutionalized elderly people: Why reflect contemporary multidimensionality?

2025-05-09T10:40:30-03:00

The objective is to identify the impact of recreational and physical activities on the quality of life of institutionalized elderly individuals, highlighting the importance of such practices in promoting active aging and preserving autonomy in contemporary geriatrics at the national level. This is a descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative study conducted through an integrative literature review. The search for studies was carried out in the Virtual Health Library (BVS) database, focusing on publications from 2020 to 2024. In the final selection phase, all manuscripts were read in full, resulting in a final sample composed of 15 complete scientific texts. The analyzed studies demonstrate that regular physical and recreational activity provides various health benefits to the elderly, including improved cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strengthening, increased joint mobility, better balance, fall prevention, and cognitive enhancement. Additionally, there is a positive impact on self-esteem, social relationships, and the reduction of depression and isolation. The strategic role of transdisciplinary professionals as health promoters in long-term care institutions is also emphasized. Interdisciplinary collaboration among health specialties is essential to ensure active and dignified aging. Recreational activities are indispensable allies in the process of healthy aging. Their inclusion in public policies and in institutions serving the elderly population should be strengthened to promote comprehensive health. Valuing the elderly as active subjects of their own stories, along with the provision of accessible physical practices, significantly contributes to quality of life.

Final irrigation protocols in endodontics: A narrative review

2025-05-07T15:41:27-03:00

This study is a narrative literature review aimed at analyzing the various final irrigation protocols currently used in endodontics, highlighting their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. It is a qualitative, retrospective, and descriptive review based on searches conducted in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, including publications in Portuguese and English. Seven irrigation techniques were identified and compared: Conventional Irrigation (CI), Manual Dynamic Activation (MDA), Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI), Continuous Ultrasonic Irrigation (CUI), EasyClean Activation (ECA), XP Endo Finisher, and Sonic Irrigation. CI showed limitations in smear layer removal and complete canal disinfection. Although effective, MDA may lead to debris compaction. Ultrasonic techniques demonstrated high efficacy in debris removal but may pose a risk of tissue damage. Sonic irrigation and EasyClean activation emerged as promising alternatives, with effective biofilm removal and lower risk to periapical tissues. The study concludes that ECA and XP Endo Finisher are promising techniques. Technique selection should be case-specific. Periodic reviews and clinical studies are essential to keep up with advancements and ensure optimal patient care. Collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and manufacturers is crucial for the continuous development of endodontics.

Accidents in speleology: Analysis of major risks and preventive measures

2025-04-05T08:58:14-03:00

Objective: To identify the most common accidents in speleology and their prevention measures, collect statistical data on rescues, and determine the most common risk factors among sports enthusiasts. Method: Systematic Literature Review using the PubMed and BVS databases. The PIO structure was used to outline the components of the research question, and the PRISMA method was employed for article selection. We selected articles published between 1999 and 2022. Results: The most common accidents are falls, collapses, and floods, with the incidence of rescues varying by country. Risk factors include a lack of training and knowledge in rescue and first aid, as well as the absence of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Conclusions: The most common accidents in speleology are falls, collapses, and floods, which are often severe but preventable. Continuous safety training and interdisciplinary research are essential to reduce risks and enhance safety in this sport.

Analysis of the quality of cytopathology samples and their impact on diagnosis

2025-05-16T15:48:51-03:00

Cytopathology is an essential branch of study in the diagnosis of diseases, especially in the screening of pathologies such as cancer. The general objective of this study is to analyze the quality of cytopathology samples and their impact on diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of rigorous practices in all stages of the process, from sample collection to analysis. The methodology used consists of an integrative literature review, which covers scientific articles published between 2014 and 2024. The research was carried out in databases such as Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Lilacs and PubMed, using descriptors related to cytopathology and sample quality. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were rigorously applied to ensure the relevance and quality of the selected studies. The expected results indicate that the implementation of quality standards and rigorous control in the stages of sample collection, fixation and transportation is crucial to ensure accurate diagnoses. The research also aims to contribute to the training of professionals in the field, academics and researchers, highlighting the relevance of sample quality in cytopathology and its direct impact on the accuracy of diagnoses for patients.

Burnout Syndrome: A socio-clinical analysis among university students enrolled in health-related courses in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, State of Acre (AC)

2025-05-19T06:48:58-03:00

The Burnout Syndrome is a chronic stress emotional disorder related to the workplace or study environment. It is characterized by a symptomatic triad: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. This study aimed to evaluate the perception about the Burnout Syndrome and investigate the intensity and risk of its occurrence among students in health-related courses in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul – AC. The research used an online survey (Google Forms), between March and April 2025. Among the 153 students participating in the research, 83% are medical students, aged between 18 and 46 years, with 58.8% being male and 41.2% female. The students are enrolled between the 1st and 9th semesters, with 23,5% in the 7th semester. The average income is R$1,000, and 63.4% of the students are not scholarship holders, and 68,6% are financially and residentially dependent on their parents. Regarding the perception about the Burnout Syndrome, 86.2% recognize its etiology, and 92.8% are also aware of its manifestations. Concerning prevention, 60.2% identify the importance of professional support in face of the Burnout Syndrome. According to the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory scale, the majority of participants were classified with a low level of burnout (81.7%). In this sense, there is a need for attention towards the university students´ mental health, through welcoming actions and Burnout prevention strategies, thus contributing to well-being in the academic setting and professional development.

Bipolar affective disorder and Borderline personality disorder: Differential diagnostic evaluation

2025-05-16T08:15:53-03:00

Introduction: Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) share clinical features such as emotional instability, impulsivity, and depressive episodes, making differential diagnosis challenging. This overlap may lead to inadequate treatments, increasing the risk of chronicity and functional impairment. Objective: This study aims to assess the main clinical and psychopathological distinctions between BD and BPD based on updated evidence, to improve differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted in indexed databases such as PubMed MEDLINE, SCIELO, Ebscohost, Google Scholar, and Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the descriptors "Bipolar Disorder," "Borderline Personality Disorder," and "Differential Diagnosis." Articles published between 2014 and 2024 were selected, prioritizing clinical studies, systematic reviews, and international guidelines. Data was critically analyzed, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies. Results and Discussion: The review demonstrated that well-defined mood episodes characterize BD, while BPD involves a persistent pattern of affective and interpersonal instability. Impulsivity and suicidal behavior are common in both disorders but appear more reactive and chronic in BPD. A family history of mood disorders and a positive response to mood stabilizers support the diagnosis of BD. Longitudinal assessment and the use of structured interviews are essential for accurate diagnosis. Conclusion: Differentiating BD and BPD is essential for effective therapeutic management. Understanding the clinical particularities of each disorder enables more targeted interventions and improves mental health outcomes.

Treatments for inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia associated with third molar extraction

2025-05-15T09:08:51-03:00

This study aimed to identify the causes, risk factors, and treatment strategies for inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia associated with third molar extraction. A descriptive and qualitative literature review was conducted, with a survey of publications in the PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases, prioritizing articles and books published between 2019 and 2025. The analysis showed that anatomical aspects, age, gender, surgical technique, and duration of the procedure are factors that influence the incidence of nerve injuries. The results indicated that preventive measures, such as adequate surgical planning and the use of imaging tests, are essential to minimize neurological damage. In addition, therapeutic options, such as drug therapies with vitamins and corticosteroids, laser therapy, acupuncture, and, in more severe cases, microsurgical techniques, have demonstrated efficacy in sensory recovery. It is concluded that a preventive approach and individualized management are essential to reduce complications and promote functional rehabilitation, reinforcing the importance of technical and scientific knowledge for safe and quality dental care.

Challenges in the management and consequences of hypertensive disease in old age

2025-05-20T16:23:07-03:00

Hypertensive disease is a very common condition in the elderly, representing a significant challenge for health professionals, especially in the basic health care network. The present study aims to explore the difficulties related to hypertension control and its consequences in the lives of the elderly. This work is characterized as a descriptive and observational clinical investigation, adopting qualitative methods. Four nursing processes were outlined, based on the NANDA-I classification, considering the clinical case of an elderly woman, identified as A.T.M. During the interviews, relevant variables were identified, such as treatment, continuous monitoring and health education, which are essential to achieve effective blood pressure control. When hypertension is not managed properly, there is a high risk of developing serious complications, directly impacting the elderly. To minimize these risks, it is essential that there is an integrated action between the multidisciplinary team, family members and society, promoting monitoring, guidance and encouraging adherence to medical recommendations. Challenges in managing hypertension remain, requiring collaborative efforts to help maintain the disease and improve the comfort of the elderly. Therefore, multidisciplinary strategies and family support are essential to achieve better results.

The development of studies on black entrepreneurship and afro entrepreneurship in Brazil

2025-03-29T06:45:29-03:00

Black Entrepreneurship, or Afro-entrepreneurship, can be defined as the niche of entrepreneurs who self-declare as black, as their color/race identification, regardless of the type of product or service they offer. Furthermore, it could also be a group of black entrepreneurs who offer products and services related to the afro-Brazilian identity, aimed at black consumers. Brazil is the country with the largest black population outside the African continent and therefore has a special interest in the topic. The aim of this study was to map the bibliography on black entrepreneurship in Brazil, creating an overview of the main findings, discussions and gaps. This is an integrative bibliographic analysis that results of a systematic search for the topic using pre-defined keywords according to readings of published scientific literature. Twenty-three articles were identified and analyzed. Despite the gaps in the literature related to black entrepreneurship and afro-entrepreneurship, the analysis shows that there is already some basis for discussing specific public policies focusing on the difficulties observed in this segment of entrepreneurs. It was concluded that studies that have a theoretical depth of impact measurement of afro-entrepreneurship are an opportunity as a field of research, as well as a phenomenon to be studied and highlighted in academia and scientific media, in order to promote a dialogue on the topic and advance proposals for effective strategies to promote black entrepreneurship and afro-entrepreneurship in Brazil.

Coverage of feminicides by the G1 portal in the state of Rio de Janeiro: Analysis based on a semiotics of violence in social representations

2025-04-21T17:25:12-03:00

The objective of this work is to analyze the social representations of the crime of feminicide in the Brazilian press, based on the production of a specific wide-reaching media outlet throughout journalistic articles published throughout the year 2023 regarding cases that occurred in the state of Rio de Janeiro. We theorize the proposal based on semiotics and social representations with the aim of considering gender violence in journalistic perception. Methodologically, we apply content analysis by categorizing the reports in their victimological profile, in the context of the criminological design of the crime and in the journalistic delimitation of the content producer. As main results, we highlight that feminicide in the pages of newspapers presents critical discrepancies regarding its empirical statistical meaning and regarding the consolidated literature, while at the same time reinforcing it. On the other hand, the Brazilian press, while exposing the victim, displaces the aggressor and disfigures a crime by presenting a victim, an act committed and disappearing with the aggressor and his motivation.

The appearance of the body: Between the physical and the mental

2025-05-09T10:40:28-03:00

This article aims to discuss the appearance of the body between physical and mental aspects, through a narrative review of literature. Body appearance, can be presented under two trends in the search for a good well-being and self-esteem. On the one hand, it refers to a movement that focuses on excessive care with the good appearance of the body, being directly related to the feeling of well-being and self-esteem. This trend is more expressive, having historical roots, associated with consumerism that presents in the media an ideal of body to be achieved. On the other hand, it presents a movement that is less expressive and, which refers to the possibility of sustaining well-being and self-esteem, relativizing the need to always maintain a good self-image as a condition for well-being. Naturally accepting what cannot be changed without affecting self-esteem, seeking possibilities of self-realization, of raising self-esteem independent of and beyond the good image of the body. It is human nature to seek physical and mental well-being.

Analysis of the waiver of bidding based on value in the Alagoas Military Police: Solutions to avoid illegal splitting of expenses

2025-04-29T12:33:54-03:00

The Brazilian legal system establishes the obligation to bid for public administration to acquire goods and contract services. In contrast, laws 8,666 of July 21, 1993 and 14,133 of April 1, 2021, both legal provisions currently in force in Brazil, establish some conditions under which this obligation is mitigated. Among these possibilities is the waiver of bidding due to low value. It is common practice among public procurement sectors to use this resource as a way of reducing bureaucracy; however, the operator must have legal knowledge so that he or she does not incur the infamous illegal splitting of expenses and, consequently, a crime provided for in the bidding law. This reality was studied within the scope of the Military Police of Alagoas (PMAL), using field research, carried out quantitatively on the report of the activities carried out by the Logistics Support Directorate during the year 2021 and qualitatively through an interview with the Chief Officer of the Corporation's purchasing sector. Documentary research was also carried out in national legislation and specialized literature. Our objective was to analyze the bidding process when it is waived in the PMAL, due to the value of the good or service to be acquired, and to present solutions to avoid the illegal splitting of expenses. It was found that, in fact, this is the main form of contracting at Briosa. Alternatives to this practice were presented, among which, mainly, the use of the Price Registration System.

Behavioral Economics: An analysis of the socioeconomic impacts of digital media on the makeup market in the municipality of Capanema, Pará

2025-05-12T14:38:23-03:00

This study aimed to analyse the main socio-economic impacts of digital media on the make-up market in the municipality of Capanema in the state of Pará. The study was conducted in Capanema, in the municipality of Capanema, northeast of Pará. A qualitative and quantitative approach was adopted, as well as bibliographic research to provide theoretical support for the study. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured questionnaire containing 19 open and closed qualitative and quantitative questions. Primary data were thus obtained through questionnaires completed by 100 women in person and online between December 2024 and February 2025. The results revealed that the women participating in the research considered digital media to be the main source of information and not necessarily a tool for purchasing products. Furthermore, the study found that, although the frequency of makeup tends not to be recurrent among consumers, it is of substantial importance for the appreciation and elevation of self-esteem and feminine identity. Therefore, makeup tends to boost women's self-confidence in social situations, as feeling insecure about one's appearance can lead to personal dissatisfaction. Hence, it was concluded that, although reason is a predominant factor in the participants' purchasing decisions, emotions play a role in influencing their self-perception and product choices.

The influence of context of use on the psychedelic experience and therapeutic potential of ayahuasca, an integrative literature review

2025-05-09T22:29:36-03:00

The objective of the present study is to understand how the context of use influences the psychedelic experience and the therapeutic potential of Ayahuasca. To this end an integrative literature review was carried out. A search for the descriptors Banisteriopsis, "Ayahuasca" and "Daime" was carried out in the following databases: Scientific Eletronic Library (Scielo); Medical Publisher (PUBMED); Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS). As a result, a total sample of 146 articles was obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the total sample was 11 articles. The sample was methodologically heterogeneous and allowed us to observe the relevance of the concepts of set and setting as articulating the context of Ayahuasca use from various points of view. The discussion of the data highlights the importance of psychosocial factors which allow the intervention to be extended beyond the neurochemical agent, and finally, the need to carry out new studies with experimental approaches.

Vulnerability of the territory and regional circulation: The impacts of severe droughts in the municipality of Tefé in Amazonas

2025-05-14T15:47:04-03:00

The repercussions of climate change in today's world have caused serious damage to territorial integration and regional development in many parts of the world. In 2024, the intense periods of drought in the Amazon, the high rainfall rates in Rio Grande do Sul and the large number of forest fires throughout Brazil contributed to society reflecting on the effects of climate change on the quality of life and well-being of many populations exposed to its effects. The aim of this research is to understand and discuss the impacts of the severe droughts of 2023 and 2024 on regional circulation in the municipality of Tefé in Amazonas, based on the vulnerability of the territory. Tefé has been the largest urban centre and circulation network node for more than two centuries in the vast Solimões region. The methodology was based on a bibliographical and documentary survey to obtain secondary data, and on fieldwork to acquire primary data. This research makes it possible to understand the effects of climate change in peripheral Amazonian spaces and seeks to contribute to research that can corroborate state and social planning in order to contain these effects on society.

Evaluation of corrosion resistance and biocompatibility test of Ti10Mo8Nb alloy for biomedical applications

2025-04-25T08:33:48-03:00

Among the various materials used in the composition of biomedical implants, titanium alloys (Ti) stand out, mainly the β-phase ternary alloys. The Ti10Mo8Nb alloy developed in an electric arc furnace and rotary forging was analyzed and showed adequate mechanical properties. However, its corrosion resistance has not been deeply investigated in the literature. This research aims to investigate the corrosion resistance and bacterial proliferation of β-phase alloys composed of titanium, molybdenum and niobium (Ti10Mo8Nb).For corrosion analysis, a passive current density of 4.2∙10-5 A/cm² and a dissolution potential of 1.5 V were obtained. Its biocompatibility tests, based on bacterial proliferation was 12.3% lower than that of commercially pure Ti. Combined with the mechanical characteristics of Ti10Mo8Nb, the alloy presented potential and advantageous properties to make it applicable in the field of biomedical application.

The evolution of manufacturing: Comparison and synergy between additive and subtractive manufacturing

2025-05-13T14:21:36-03:00

This article aims to analyze the differences, advantages, challenges, and synergies between additive and subtractive manufacturing processes in the context of Industry 4.0. The adopted methodology was a bibliographic review, considering publications from the last five years on the topic. The results indicate that while additive manufacturing stands out for its design flexibility and waste reduction, subtractive manufacturing offers greater dimensional accuracy and mechanical strength. The integration of these technologies into hybrid systems has proven to be a promising solution for cost optimization and production efficiency. The conclusion highlights the need for investment in research to overcome economic and technical challenges, promoting broader adoption of these technologies in the industry.

NanoCB-Fundacentro: a tool to support the assessment and control of occupational risk involving nanomaterials

2025-05-13T14:18:38-03:00

The growing application of nanomaterials (NMs) across a wide range of economic sectors has raised significant concerns regarding occupational risks associated with their handling. This article presents NanoCB-Fundacentro, a tool developed to support the management of occupational risks in indoor environments where NMs are present.The tool was designed based on a critical analysis of 15 control banding methodologies, enabling the identification of the most relevant variables—severity and probability—as well as the most effective risk assessment approaches. Severity-related variables include morphology, mutagenicity/genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, respiratory sensitization, reproductive toxicity, and solubility. Probability-related variables encompass dustiness, frequency, duration, and quantity of exposure, among others.A key innovation of NanoCB-Fundacentro is its integration of existing control measures in the workplace as part of the risk assessment process, going beyond the variables traditionally considered by other tools. This enables a more comprehensive and realistic evaluation framework for categorizing both the severity of potential health effects and the likelihood of exposure.The tool classifies risk levels as low, medium, high, or very high, and uniquely provides specific recommendations tailored to each level. These recommendations guide users in implementing appropriate control and mitigation strategies.In conclusion, NanoCB-Fundacentro addresses a critical gap in the evaluation of occupational risks associated with nanomaterials. It distinguishes itself through its practical applicability, methodological breadth, and user-friendly interface, making it suitable for a wide range of work contexts.

Analysis of logistic outsourcing in a paper manufacturing multinational

2025-05-15T07:03:29-03:00

The transportation logistics department plays a vital role in the supply chain, acting as a direct link between the company and its customers. Logistics outsourcing has become a consolidated strategy for increasing operational efficiency and maintaining competitiveness. However, this practice presents companies with challenges that must be carefully managed, such as ensuring the quality of the services provided and aligning the company’s strategic goals with the performance of outsourced logistics operators. The use of key performance indicators (KPIs) is essential for monitoring services, preventing delays, communication failures, and supply disruptions. Integration with other departments through ERP systems, as well as investment in technology, contributes to traceability and transparency. External factors, such as cost fluctuations and supplier dependency, require well-structured contracts and ongoing monitoring processes. This study presents an analysis of logistics outsourcing in a multinational paper company, using literature review, interviews with industry professionals, and historical data analysis. Ultimately, the aim is to understand how logistics outsourcing impacts the transportation sector and how it can serve as a strategic tool to enhance efficiency and ensure high-quality deliveries.

Use of the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) Method as a Management Tool in a Bakery

2025-05-15T16:31:17-03:00

In Brazil, the bakery sector plays a fundamental role in the economy, with micro and small businesses representing the majority of establishments. These businesses face challenges related to cost management and appropriate product pricing. In this context, the present study aims to demonstrate the application of the ABC Costing Method in a bakery, analyzing its efficiency in the strategic management of items with the greatest impact on costs and profitability. As a methodology, a literature review on the topic was conducted, complemented by a case study that enabled the practical application of the discussed concepts. The results showed that the ABC Method allowed the elimination of distortions caused by traditional costing, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the bakery's financial management. It proves to be a modern cost management approach, essential for facing market challenges and maximizing the profitability of bakeries.

Distance Education during the Pandemic: Perceptions and challenges of Forestry Engineering students in the Emergency Continuing Education at UFRRJ

2025-04-17T16:02:21-03:00

This study evaluated the use of Distance Education (EaD) in the Emergency Continuing Education (ECE) format, implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Forestry Engineering course at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). A qualitative survey-based research was carried out, in which, to collect data, the forms addressed topics such as academic profile and period of study; satisfaction and well-being with ECE; connectivity and internet access; evaluation of courses and methodologies; communication between students and teachers; and participation in subsequent activities. The analysis revealed that, although ECE's flexibility was viewed positively, students faced significant challenges related to virtual interaction, internet quality, and access to learning resources. Many reported difficulties maintaining motivation and concentration, as well as problems adapting to new teaching methodologies. The findings highlight the need for improvements in technological infrastructure and pedagogical support to better manage future exceptional situations. Nonetheless, considering the rapid adaptation and challenges encountered, the activities are considered to have fulfilled their emergency purpose. If remote activities are to continue, it is recommended to invest in appropriate technologies, develop pedagogical practices suited to virtual environments, and offer continuous and accessible support to all individuals involved in the educational process.

Microplastics and human health: A scientometric analysis

2025-04-25T15:47:23-03:00

The accumulation of plastics can be seen macroscopically in piles of plastic bottles and bags in landfills, and in a less visible way, microscopically, comprising the microplastics that are everywhere. Our main objective was to evaluate the scientific production on microplastics and human health using the Web of Science database. We focused on estimating the number of publications per year, the most relevant countries in terms of number of publications, highlights of production co-authored within countries, most cited articles, relevant journals in terms of number of publications, and the focus of studies. Seventy-two countries showed scientific production on microplastics and health revealing the importance of the topic throughout the world. The first publications on the subject occurred in Europe and more recently in the Asian countries. The largest number of articles were published by authors from China, but the most cited are from European countries, which were the first to publish on the subject. The journal that ranked first in relevance was the Science of the Total Environment that covers several aspects related to microplastics and human health. Regarding the focus of the studies, the “microplastics in food” category was the one that showed the highest number of publications. From the panorama outlined by our scientometric analysis, a significant increase in publications in recent years is highlighted, gaps are pointed, and paths suggested bettering paving studies on human health and microplastics.

The correlation between physical activity and individuals diagnosed with epilepsy: A literature review

2025-04-21T17:25:11-03:00

Epilepsy is the second most impactful neurological condition in terms of years of life lost, with an approximately sixfold increase in mortality and one-third of patients being refractory to treatment despite recent advances. Physical activity is a promising and safe therapeutic possibility for these patients, as it reduces seizures, and improves quality of life. However, there are still many barriers to this approach, such as fear of increased seizures, lack of time, and insufficient knowledge and training among healthcare professionals. This article aims to conduct a comprehensive literature review of the benefits and risks of this therapeutic approach. This study consists of a literature review based on structured database research and analysis of articles published between 2018 and 2023 in PubMed and Scielo, aiming to explore the benefits and potential risks of physical exercise in individuals with epilepsy. Conclusively, when performed appropriately and under supervision, physical activity offers significant advantages in controlling epileptic seizures, including enhanced quality of life, reduced anxiety symptoms, improved cognitive function, and increased brain plasticity.

Early childhood caries and its long-term impacts

2025-04-20T09:05:15-03:00

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a multifactorial condition affecting primary teeth and is linked to behavioral, dietary, and social factors. This article aims to analyze the long-term damage caused by ECC through a literature review. A qualitative and descriptive methodology was used, based on scientific articles indexed in SciELO, PubMed, BVS, and Google Scholar. The results show that untreated ECC compromises the physical, social, and emotional development of children, negatively affecting their quality of life. It is concluded that preventive measures, such as family guidance and early dental care, are essential to minimize the impacts of ECC.

Partner participation during prenatal care: Integrative review

2025-04-29T08:20:48-03:00

Objective: To identify in the scientific literature how partner participation has been during antenatal care. Method: An integrative literature review that followed PRISMA recommendations and was guided by the PICO strategy. Article searches were conducted in the databases: LILACS, BDENF, and PUBMED, using the cross-referencing of descriptors: “antenatal care”, “paternity”, “father”, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results: Fourteen studies published between 2014 and 2024 were included in this review. The data was analyzed according to four thematic categories: 1) Partners' perceptions of their involvement in prenatal care, 2) Barriers to partner involvement in prenatal care, 3) Pregnant women's perceptions of partner involvement in prenatal care, and 4) Nurses' roles in prenatal care. Conclusion: Scientific evidence demonstrates that the partner's participation in prenatal care is fundamental for the well-being of the pregnant woman and the baby, strengthening the family bond, and providing emotional support. Unfortunately, paternal presence at consultations is still insufficient, evidencing a significant absence.

Polymeric coatings in post-harvest conservation of fruits: An integrative systematic review

2025-05-14T07:02:29-03:00

The use of polymeric coatings for postharvest fruit preservation has gained increasing relevance as a sustainable and efficient alternative to extend the shelf life of fresh produce. The present study aims to evaluate and synthesize the available evidence on polymeric coatings applied in fruit conservation. This study presents an integrative systematic review that evaluates the impact of different polymeric materials, both natural and synthetic, on fruits such as strawberries, guavas and cherry tomatoes. fifteen recent studies were analyzed, highlighting the application of polymers such as chitosan, pectin, PVA and electrospun films with essential oils. The results indicate that polymeric coatings significantly reduce weight loss, delay ripening and increase protection against pathogens. The application technique, coating composition and fruit characteristics were identified as determining factors for the effectiveness of the coatings. In addition, the adoption of biodegradable materials reflects the commitment to environmentally responsible solutions, while innovations such as nanoencapsulation of active compounds expand the preservation potential. The study concludes by pointing out gaps in the literature and suggesting new approaches to optimize the application of polymeric coatings in fruit preservation.

Lingual canal incidence in lower incisors: A literature review

2025-05-06T11:00:45-03:00

Introduction: Lack of anatomical knowledge of root canals can compromise endodontic treatment. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is essential for analyzing canal morphology. Objective: To review the literature regarding the number and configuration of canals in mandibular incisors, based on Vertucci’s classification, and to discuss the clinical considerations of this morphology. Methods: Studies evaluating permanent human mandibular incisors using CBCT were included, excluding review articles. The descriptors “Mandibular incisor,” “Root canal,” and “Cone-Beam Computed Tomography” were used in the PubMed, Embase, and Lilacs databases on March 6, 2025, with no restrictions on time or language. A total of 14 studies were identified, of which 28 published between 2013 and 2025 were selected. Results: A higher incidence of two canals was observed in lateral mandibular incisors (75%) and central mandibular incisors (17.86%), with 7.14% not specifying the type of incisor. Vertucci’s type III configuration was the most prevalent. Regarding sex, 64.28% of the studies reported no significant difference, while 17.86% indicated a higher incidence in men and 17.86% in women. Age range was not analyzed. Conclusion:The mandibular lateral incisor shows a higher incidence of two root canals, predominantly Vertucci’s type III configuration, with no significant sex differences. CBCT is essential for identifying anatomical variations, enhancing endodontic treatment.

Clinical applications of laser in orthodontics: An integrative review on its therapeutic benefits and limitations

2025-05-14T10:57:45-03:00

Orthodontic pain is one of the main factors negatively affecting patient adherence, often leading to treatment abandonment. In this context, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been investigated as an effective non-pharmacological alternative for pain control and acceleration of tooth movement. This study aimed to investigate, through an integrative review, the therapeutic effects of LLLT in orthodontics, considering its benefits and limitations. A literature search was conducted in the Scielo, Science Direct, and Pubmed databases between February and April 2025, using controlled descriptors (DeCS/MeSH) and Boolean operators. The temporal scope included publications from 2021 to 2025. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight clinical studies were selected. Most studies reported positive effects of LLLT, such as a significant reduction in pain in the first days after orthodontic appliance installation, as well as accelerated tooth movement. However, some studies presented inconclusive results regarding pain relief, highlighting the lack of standardization in technical parameters as a potential limitation. It is concluded that LLLT shows promising therapeutic potential in orthodontics, although further standardized studies are needed to consistently validate its clinical efficacy.

Characterization of research instruments that assess depression, anxiety and stress in university students: A systematic literature review

2024-02-08T14:58:57-03:00

The present study sought to analyze the literature and characterize the research instruments that address stress, depression and anxiety in university students. Explicit and systematic search methods were applied, based on the Cochranec Collaboration. To select the descriptors, we consulted the structured and trilingual vocabulary, of writers in Health Sciences (DeCS), Latin American and Caribbean Center for Information and Health Sciences (BIREME) and the Medical Subject Heandings (MeSH). The search for studies was carried out in databases that present high publications on the subject, namely: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ROAD) and Academic Search Premier, using the following descriptors as a search strategy and Boolean operators: “university student OR university study” AND “mental health OR mental health”. Database searches resulted in 422 studies, but only 15 met the inclusion criteria. In the 15 studies reviewed, 13 research instruments were found and their data were organized according to: a) general characterization of the studies and b) general characterization of the instruments. The studies analyzed revealed the absence of research instruments aimed exclusively at the university population, demonstrating the need to adapt and validate existing instruments to be used with students at this stage of life. This systematic review of the literature suggests the incorporation of cultural and specific elements present in the context of university students in order to ensure a better understanding of the challenges faced by this public.

Nursing care in improving the quality of life of chronic kidney disease patients

2025-04-30T06:52:34-03:00

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a slow and progressive decline in the exocrine and endocrine functions of the kidneys. CKD generates numerous negative repercussions on the physical and biopsychosocial aspects of the individual, thereby affecting and compromising quality of life. The objective of this study was to identify the role of nursing care in improving the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease. This study was conducted through a narrative literature review. Twenty articles from the past five years were included for the development of this paper, and five were excluded. The findings showed that the nursing team is responsible for providing care related to personal health management, making the patient an active participant in the health-disease process and contributing to an improvement in the quality of life of patients with CKD. Therefore, aligned with quality of life, nursing care is essential for the recovery of these patients, consequently improving lifestyle habits and minimizing comorbidity rates.

Sexual abuse in childhood and the association with the development of Borderline Personality Disorder: nursing interventions

2025-04-20T09:05:15-03:00

Childhood is a period of vulnerability, where the child may be susceptible to experiencing traumas, such as child sexual abuse, causing various psychological problems. Thus, this study aimed to: identify in the scientific literature the association of sexual abuse in childhood and the development of borderline personality disorder and understand the role of nurses in the context of sexually abused children. This is an integrative literature review carried out via the Virtual Health Library, in the databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Nursing Database, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, using the descriptors combined with the Boolean operator AND, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, during the months of October and November. Articles published between 2013 and 2022, available online, were included. Sexual abuse is a serious risk factor in the development of BPD, especially in women. Rates of sexual abuse are significantly higher in patients with BPD compared to other abuses. Furthermore, patients with this association have a greater number of suicide attempts and serious events such as non-suicidal self-injury, smoking, alcohol use, sexual impulsivity, longer time and number of psychiatric hospitalizations. It has been shown that childhood trauma influences neurodevelopment and brain structure in patients later diagnosed with BPD. It is believed that nursing, accompanied by a multidisciplinary team, needs to be able to receive and understand the child victim of sexual abuse, seeking care strategies to prevent future harm.

Electrocoagulation of domestic wastewater: Systematic review of operational effects

2025-04-17T08:53:46-03:00

The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of electrocoagulation (EC) as a sustainable alternative for the purification of domestic wastewater effluents, considering its potential for contaminant removal, technical and economic feasibility, and its impact on public health and ecosystem protection. This systematic review evaluates EC as a sustainable option for domestic wastewater treatment, with a focus on pollutant removal. Reactor designs, electrode materials, operational parameters, and economic and technological challenges were analyzed based on existing literature. The results show that EC achieves removal efficiencies above 90% for chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and organic matter, especially when using aluminum electrodes or aluminum-iron combinations. However, pH, electrical intensity, and reactor design are critical factors influencing performance. Although operational costs are higher than those of conventional methods, EC stands out for its versatility and lower sludge generation. This study concludes that EC has significant potential for domestic wastewater purification, although industrial-scale implementation requires optimization of energy consumption and cost reduction.

The influence of nutrition on periodontal health: Literature review

2025-04-30T05:55:30-03:00

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of multifactorial origin, associated with bacterial biofilm, that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and can lead to tooth loss. Among the factors influencing its progression, nutritional aspects stand out, as an inadequate diet can intensify the inflammatory response and worsen the clinical condition of the disease. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the influence of nutritional factors on periodontal health, covering both structural changes and clinical aspects. A narrative literature review was conducted, including documents published between 2013 and 2025, in Portuguese and/or English, using the following databases: PubMed, Scientific Library Electronic Online (SciELO), Research, Society and Development, Google Scholar, and books. The analysis revealed that nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids have beneficial effects on periodontal health, while diets rich in refined sugars and fats can worsen the condition. It was concluded that adopting a balanced diet rich in specific nutrients can prevent and control periodontal diseases, being essential for both oral and overall health.

Intestinal microbiota and respiratory syndromes: An analysis of the interconnection between respiratory tract and the gut

2025-04-29T11:47:51-03:00

Objective: To analyze and correlate the impact of human lifestyle habits on pulmonary diseases, considering the interaction between the respiratory and intestinal systems, in order to clarify the positive or negative determinants in the prognosis of lung diseases by investigating the immunological mechanisms of this interconnection, as well as the factors that contribute to patient quality of life and treatment. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, with searches conducted in LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), UNESP Institutional Repository, UFJF Institutional Repository, and PubMed (National Library of Medicine), using the descriptors “Microbiota,” “Lung,” “Gut,” and “Lung-gut axis.” Results: A total of 16 articles published between 2017 and 2024 in Portuguese and English were analyzed. The findings showed that intestinal dysbiosis, influenced by diet and obesity, is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to the progression of conditions such as asthma and lung cancer. Therapeutic strategies including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation demonstrated potential in modulating the lung-gut axis. Conclusion: The functional interaction between the intestinal and respiratory systems proves to be key to understanding respiratory syndromes and paves the way for personalized therapeutic approaches. However, further clinical trials and standardized protocols are required for more effective implementation.

Tolvaptan in the Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD): Efficacy and effects on quality of life

2025-05-03T12:49:37-03:00

ADPKD causes kidney cysts, leading to an increase in total renal volume (TRV) and eventually evolves to chronic renal failure due to declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Mutations in polycystin genes alter calcium influx and cAMP production, resulting in cyst formation under the influence of vasopressin. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin receptor inhibitor, aims to slow renal function decline and improve quality of life. The review’s objective is to demonstrate the effects of Tolvaptan in ADPKD, highlighting its efficacy and impact on quality of life and progression to kidney failure. Data were collected in BVS, PubMed and New England Journal of Medicine, yielding 446 results. After manual screening in Excel, 41 studies remained, including clinical trials, retrospective analyses and cohorts, without language restrictions. Results indicated that Tolvaptan reduced cyst proliferation, limited TRV expansion by 2.6%, delayed GFR decline by 10 ml/min/1.73m² over 3 years and extended time to kidney failure nearly by 8.5 years. Side effects included up to a 138% increase in urine volume, elevated liver enzymes and creatine kinase levels. Monthly monitoring during the initial 18 months is crucial and temporary drug suspension reverses adverse effects in cases of hepatic decompensation. Overall, Tolvaptan appears effective in treating ADPKD, significantly prolonging renal lifespan. Despite side effects, the drug is safe and effective when appropriately monitored.

The effectiveness of active oxygen gel associated with conventional periodontitis treatment: An integrative review

2025-05-15T16:31:21-03:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral active oxygen gel, a topical oxygen-releasing agent, as an adjunctive treatment to conventional mechanical therapy in the management of periodontitis, focusing on the reduction of clinical inflammatory signs and the improvement of periodontal health. An integrative literature review was conducted using the PICO strategy to define the search criteria. The target population included patients with periodontitis; the intervention was the use of gel with active oxygen, compared to conventional treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP); and the outcome was the reduction of periodontal inflammation. The research was carried out in the PubMed database, selecting studies published between 2020 and 2025, following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five relevant studies were included after screening and critical data analysis. The analyzed studies demonstrated that self-oxygenating composite hydrogel possesses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to the reduction of probing depth, gingival bleeding, and plaque index. Additionally, improved tissue healing and regeneration of periodontal tissues were observed, particularly in cases of moderate to severe periodontitis. The application of antimicrobial gel as a complement to conventional mechanical therapy proved effective in improving the clinical parameters of periodontitis. Its antibacterial and regenerative effects, associated with the controlled release of oxygen, present a promising alternative for periodontal treatment, although additional studies are needed to standardize usage protocols and assess its long-term effects.

Bioethics and patient autonomy: how far does the professional’s decision go? – Literature review

2025-05-16T09:53:51-03:00

Introduction: Deontology ("Deontos": duty and "Logos": knowledge), a branch of ethics conceived by Jeremy Betham, constitutes obligations or recommendations for the best professional practice, in addition to legal obligations, regardless of religious or doctrinal orientations. Relationships and behaviors have ideas, principles and values that are permeated by ethics. In view of this, bioethics is among the ethical principles for life. Bioethics therefore presents a comprehensive field. It designates a set of ethical issues that bring into play important values for humanity due to the increasing power of techno-scientific intervention in living beings, especially in humans. Objective: The present study aims to discuss the limits of this autonomy and to what extent the professional can or should intervene. Methodology: This work is a qualitative literature review, with an exploratory nature and bibliographic design, carried out from searches carried out between 2020 and 2025. The data collection applied in this study was developed through academic research found through searches on academic-scientific websites such as the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), PubMed, LILACS and SciELO. Results: The theoretical analysis carried out throughout the present study demonstrated that, although patient autonomy is a widely recognized ethical and legal principle, its practical application encounters relevant limits in the clinical context. Conclusion: Patient autonomy is an essential pillar of bioethics, but it is not absolute.

The importance of adequate nutrition in preventing Alzheimer disease

2025-05-21T06:51:41-03:00

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. Proper nutrition has been identified as an important factor in maintaining brain health and preventing Alzheimer's. This study aimed to evaluate how proper nutrition can help prevent Alzheimer's disease by investigating which nutrients and dietary patterns are most effective in reducing the risk of developing the disease. The study was of a review and exploratory nature, reviewing the available scientific literature on the relationship between nutrition and Alzheimer's disease. A narrative literature review approach was used, analyzing recent articles and research on the influence of different nutrients and diets on brain health and Alzheimer's prevention. Studies have shown that nutrition is essential for promoting health and preventing aging-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. With increasing life expectancy, the incidence of dementia is growing, requiring effective strategies. Diets rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and essential fatty acids, such as the Mediterranean diet, have been shown to protect against cognitive decline and positively influence epigenetic mechanisms, activating beneficial genes and silencing harmful ones. In this context, nutritionists play an essential role in acting preventively and therapeutically, identifying the nutritional needs of the elderly and promoting interventions that preserve functionality and cognition.

Transformative learning for MBKM in Indonesia: An epistemology and alternative view

2025-01-15T06:50:49-03:00

This research aims to provide a transformative learning epistemology in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) curriculum in Indonesia. This curriculum has been implemented since 2021. This curriculum allows university students to gain learning experience outside campus for three semesters. This curriculum is relevant to the concept of transformative learning. Epistemologically, students are not only required to understand the object being studied, but also, in their own way, find new perspectives and understanding of the object being studied. This research is qualitative research using a philosophical perspective, especially in the epistemological aspect. Epistemology studies aim to look for things related to knowledge, such as sources of knowledge, processes, criteria for truth and validation. This research concluded that transformative learning and MBKM are philosophically related, especially with regard to human ontology as free being. Freedom learning is well adopted in transformative learning strategies. In this strategy, the role of the lecturer is only to present the object of knowledge, create an actual atmosphere, and then let students discover knowledge in their own way. In implementing MBKM, this transformative learning strategy still has several challenges, including: student learning habits that still depend on lecturers or data sources, and lecturers' lack of knowledge about techniques for implementing transformative learning. However, overall, this transformative learning strategy is very suitable to be applied in higher education, because as adult learners, students must be able to use their minds and reasoning to gain knowledge and understanding in their own way.

Teaching geometry in basic education through digital technologies: A literature review

2025-04-29T08:23:02-03:00

Geometry teaching has been transformed by the advancement of digital technologies, becoming more dynamic and interactive. The aim of this article is to analyze how these technologies have been integrated into Brazilian basic education, highlighting the use of resources that promote learning. The research, based on a bibliographic review of productions published between 2017 and 2025, identifies the use of tools such as GeoGebra, the Logo programming language and digital videos, exploring their contributions to the teaching and learning of geometric concepts. The results show that these resources facilitate the visualization and manipulation of figures, allowing students to understand concepts in a more concrete and participatory way. In addition, they promote the development of critical thinking, autonomy and collaboration, essential aspects for a meaningful mathematical education. However, for these resources to be used appropriately, it is essential that teachers are prepared to integrate technologies into their pedagogical practices. As Valente highlights, the adoption of digital tools must go beyond instrumental use, encouraging approaches that make the student the protagonist of their learning. Therefore, ongoing teacher training becomes essential to ensure the appropriate use of these technologies, aligned with the guidelines of the National Common Curricular Base and the needs of students.

Intercultural sensitivity of greek teachers and relationship with their teaching practice

2025-05-04T09:25:58-03:00

This study aimed to investigate the intercultural sensitivity of Greek primary education teachers and their relationship with their teaching practices. Today, intercultural competence is essential for effective communication and collaboration. Using the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) by Chen & Starosta, data was collected, in a social study, from 220 teachers in the Attica region to assess their attitudes toward cultural diversity. The findings indicate that Greek educators exhibit a generally high level of intercultural sensitivity, with strong respect for cultural differences but lower confidence in intercultural interactions. The factors such as age, teaching experience, and migration experience influenced intercultural sensitivity, with younger and less experienced teachers displaying higher levels of engagement and enjoyment in intercultural settings. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between teachers' intercultural sensitivity and their teaching practices, particularly in adapting instruction to diverse student needs. The study underscores the need for targeted intercultural education training to enhance teachers' ability to manage diversity in classrooms. These findings contribute to the broader discourse on intercultural education and highlight the importance of developing culturally responsive teaching approaches.

Articulation between Family, Mathematics Education and Ancestry Tests in the school context

2025-04-24T08:27:11-03:00

This article aims to understand the pedagogical implications of the articulation between Family, Mathematics Education and Ancestry Tests in the school context. The theoretical framework used is the Anthropological Theory of Didactics and the methodological framework adopted is action research. The praxeologies of a textbook and of the teacher are examined in a task that addresses percentages and graphic representations related to generational and genetic diversity. The study shows that the use of ancestry reports in teaching, combined with the active participation of families, can enrich mathematical learning by making it more contextualized, interdisciplinary and meaningful for students. However, the challenges of this approach are also discussed, such as the need for sensitive mediation in the face of possible identity tensions and inequalities in access to resources and knowledge. It is concluded that the integration between school, family and genetic data can expand the ecology of school praxeologies, favoring a more critical, humane and culturally situated mathematics education.

Can the official parameter germination indicate vigor in annual ryegrass seeds?

2025-04-25T08:33:43-03:00

Annual ryegrass is one of the main cool-season forage crops in southern Brazil, but seed quality has compromised its performance. Studies indicate that around 90% of the ryegrass seeds sold in Brazil do not meet minimum quality standards. This affects pasture performance and subsequent crops, with impacts such as low straw yield, pests, and diseases. Although germination and seed weight are useful parameters for assessing seed quality, there are no legal guarantees regarding seed vigor. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between germination, thousand-seed weight, and seed vigor of ryegrass through a review of 26 studies using a literature review. The results showed significant positive correlations between germination and vigor variables, such as first germination count, germination speed index, and accelerated aging. The study also indicated that seeds weighing more than 1.80g showed better germination, suggesting higher physiological quality. The study concludes that to ensure successful ryegrass establishment, it is essential to invest in high-germination seeds, as they are directly related to vigor and the ability to overcome adverse conditions. Choosing high-quality seeds can lead to better performance in pastures and livestock production systems.

Morpho-molecular characterization and formaldehyde resistance of a fungus isolated in an anatomy laboratory

2025-05-01T23:50:25-03:00

Fungi are eukaryotic beings, with cellular organization and DNA delimited by a nuclear envelope. Morphologically, they appear as yeasts, filamentous, called molds, being microscopic or macroscopic. Climatic conditions such as in the Amazon favor closed environments with high humidity, factors that enhance the development phase of these microorganisms and increase their ability to propagate, making them highly adaptive contaminants. This study aimed to morph-molecularly characterize and evaluate the formaldehyde resistance capacity of the fungus isolated in an anatomy laboratory. It was obtained from the liquid formaldehyde suspension of the tanks with anatomical parts. Morphologically analyzed through the macro and microscopic, and subjected to the process of DNA extraction for sequencing and identification. Resistance tests were also carried out in formalin concentrations and growth capacity at temperatures of 37ºC, 45ºC and 50ºC, as well as detection of the enzymatic activity of proteases. As a result, the studied isolate obtained satisfactory growth at all temperatures tested, as well as at all formalin concentrations, with DNA extraction and sequencing the fungus indicated that it was of the Phanerochaete genus. The isolate showed resistance to all concentrations of formaldehyde tested, with emphasis on the concentration used in the laboratory. It grew well at the high temperatures tested, but showed no halo in protease activity. However, it was possible to verify a biotechnological potential, which needs more detailed future studies that indicate it as an alternative in the bioremediation of sediments contaminated with formaldehyde, and to know it better for possible control of its contamination in the collection of anatomical parts of the anatomy laboratory.

Impact of rice seed treatment with and without the addition of a protector on physiological quality

2025-05-01T08:20:26-03:00

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple food, cultivated worldwide. In Brazil, irrigated rice represents the dominant production system, especially in the southern region. Among the cultivars, IRGA 424 RI stands out for its high yield and agronomic stability. Seed treatment is a key practice for pathogen control, but it may influence physiological quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different seed treatments—with and without the addition of a protector—on the physiological quality of IRGA 424 RI rice seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), using industrial seed treatment with recommended doses of fungicide (Maxim Advanced®), insecticide (Cruiser Opti®), and protector (Permit Star®). Germination, cold test, and emergence in trays were assessed over 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 days of storage. Seeds treated with fungicide + insecticide showed superior physiological performance compared to untreated seeds and those treated with the protector alone. The addition of dietholate (protector) negatively affected seed quality when applied alone but had no negative effects when combined with fungicide and insecticide. The results indicate that seed treatment did not reduce physiological quality during the storage period.

Pesticide toxicity risks in vegetable production in Boane district, Mozambique: an analysis based on producer profiles, pesticide management practices, and toxicity levels

2025-05-13T14:21:41-03:00

The use of pesticides in agriculture is essential for controlling pests and diseases, enhancing productivity, and supporting food security. However, their improper and indiscriminate use raises concerns about impacts on the health of producers, consumers, and the environment. The growing use of pesticides in horticulture presents a serious challenge to protecting farmers. This study aimed to assess the risks of pesticide toxicity in vegetable production in Boane District, located in Maputo Province, Mozambique. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 53 producers using purposive non-probability sampling, along with direct observation. The results showed that the most commonly used pesticides were Mancozeb, Cypermethrin, Abamectin, and Methamidophos. According to the World Health Organization, these range from moderately to extremely toxic. Most producers had not received proper training in safe pesticide handling and did not use the required personal protective equipment (PPE). Additionally, poor understanding of correct dosages and the health risks of exposure puts both producers and consumers at risk of poisoning. The study highlights the urgent need for training and awareness programs focused on safe agricultural practices. It also recommends public policies to protect farmers' health and ensure food safety for the population.

Economic and health impacts of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestation: challenges and sustainable solutions – A literature review

2025-05-19T14:15:05-03:00

Infestation by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, commonly known as the cattle tick, represents one of the main sanitary and economic challenges for Brazilian livestock. This hematophagous ectoparasite directly affects herd productivity, especially in extensive farming systems in tropical and subtropical climates. In addition to causing significant economic losses, the parasite is a vector of etiological agents of diseases such as Bovine Parasitic Sadness. This study aims to describe the damages caused by Rhipicephalus microplus infestations in cattle farming, as well as to explore solutions found in the literature, assisting producers in making decisions based on scientific evidence. A narrative literature review was conducted.

Combination of sheep fertilizer and probiotic improves zootechnical performance of Nile tilápia

2025-05-10T16:02:05-03:00

Nile tilapia faces challenges due to high costs and environmental impacts, including eutrophication and microbial resistance caused by excessive chemical use. Sustainable alternatives, such as probiotics and organic fertilisers, still lack comprehensive studies. This study evaluated the combined effects of the probiotic DB AQUA® with organic fertilisers (bovine, swine, and sheep) on the zootechnical performance and health of fingerlings. A total of 640 fish were tested in a recirculation system, divided into four treatments: isolated fertiliser (control) or probiotic combined with bovine, swine, or sheep fertiliser. Zootechnical parameters, hepatosomatic (HSI) and viscerosomatic (VSI) indices were analysed. The sheep fertiliser performed notably, reducing feed conversion by 60% and increasing biomass gain by 170.5 g, while also elevating HSI—indicating higher metabolic activity—and promoting 56% longer intestines, suggesting improved nutrient absorption. Survival rates did not differ between treatments, likely due to environmental factors. Bovine and swine fertilisers had limited effects, with swine presenting risks of accelerated ammonia release and pathogen contamination. In summary, the combination of DB AQUA® probiotic with sheep fertiliser significantly enhanced zootechnical performance, though its efficacy depends on water quality and management. Further studies are recommended to elucidate microbial mechanisms and economic viability on a large scale.

Importance of brucellosis vaccination in heifers aged 3 to 8 months

2025-04-10T17:54:48-03:00

Bovine brucellosis is a zoonosis with significant sanitary, economic, and social impacts, requiring effective preventive measures for its control. This article presents a literature review on the importance of vaccination against brucellosis in heifers aged 3 to 8 months, addressing the consequences of lack of immunization on animal reproduction, livestock productivity, economy, and public health. Failure to vaccinate promotes the spread of Brucella abortus, leading to spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, infertility, and chronic bacterial transmission among herds. Furthermore, it results in trade restrictions and high costs for disease control, culling infected animals, and productivity losses. In the context of public health, brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted to humans, especially affecting rural workers and consumers of unpasteurized products. Finally, this study emphasizes that mandatory vaccination, combined with serological testing and biosecurity measures, is essential for disease eradication, ensuring livestock sustainability, and protecting food security for the population.

Germination test in pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.), subjected to insecticide treatment, under different substrates

2025-05-03T08:52:46-03:00

Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the main cultivated vegetables, and seed treatment plays a crucial role in ensuring uniform and healthy germination, contributing to crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different substrates in the germination of bell pepper seeds treated with insecticide. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Analysis Teaching Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas, using two seed treatments (with and without insecticide) and three types of substrates (blotting paper, blotting paper + vermiculite, and blotting paper + rice husk biochar). The results indicated that the use of blotting paper combined with vermiculite was the most effective, showing the highest germination averages both in the control and insecticide treatments. This can be attributed to the ability of vermiculite to retain the insecticide and protect the seeds from external factors, enhancing its effect. On the other hand, the use of rice husk biochar did not show significant results compared to the control, suggesting that its interaction with the insecticide might be less effective. The analysis of variance and Tukey’s test indicated significant differences between the treatments. It is concluded that vermiculite is a promising substrate for bell pepper seed treatment, while rice husk biochar requires further studies to understand its potential in germination tests.

Acantholytic epulis in a Rottweiler dog: Case report

2025-05-06T11:00:53-03:00

Oral cavity neoplasms in dogs and cats are among the four most common, accounting for 6% and 3% of tumor cases, respectively. Acanthomatous epulis is a locally aggressive epithelial tumor that affects the rostral region of the mandible but does not cause metastasis. The objective of this report was to describe a case of acanthomatous epulis in a Rottweiler dog that underwent total excision of the neoplasm. An 8-year-old, neutered male Rottweiler dog weighing 42.3 kg was treated at a veterinary clinic in Ariquemes, Rondônia. Hematological and biochemical tests indicated that the animal was fit for surgery. Preanesthetic medication (PAM) consisted of morphine at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg intramuscularly for light sedation, followed by induction with midazolam at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg and propofol at a dose of 3 ml, both intravenously, with 9% NaCl fluid therapy. A no. 8.5 catheter was used for intubation. During transanesthesia, the patient was maintained on isoflurane. Postoperatively, azithromycin 10 mg/kg, dipyrone 25 mg/kg, meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg and the local antibiotic Periovet® were prescribed, in addition to moist feeding in the first few days. Complete surgical removal is the main treatment for acanthomatous epulis. In the case described, the diagnosis of acanthomatous epulis was based on clinical signs and cytological examination. Surgical excision of the neoplasm proved satisfactory for the resolution of the disease.

Feline sporotrichosis - Case report

2025-04-27T09:06:41-03:00

Sporotrichosis is a fungal skin infection characterized by the formation of subcutaneous nodules with the development of ulcerative wounds. It is caused by fungi belonging to the Sporothrix schenckii group, normally found in soil. Sporotrichosis is considered a zoonosis because it can affect humans. Its main form of infection is through traumatic penetration of the fungus into the skin. The objective of this study is to report a clinical case of sporotrichosis in a spayed female feline treated at a veterinary hospital in the city of Ji Paraná, RO. The owner's main complaint was the appearance of a deep ulcerated lesion on the animal's right pelvic limb. No other changes were observed during treatment. Material was collected by means of an imprint of the lesion in order to perform cytological examination. Under the microscope, it was possible to observe a large amount of yeast-like fungal structures, compatible with the Sporothrix complex. The treatment consisted of itraconazole, administered orally, and a compounded ointment containing dexamethasone, copaiba oil and miconazole for topical use. The animal was returned every 30 days to observe the progress of the wound healing process; the treatment ended after a period of four months.

Acid and alkaline protease in broiler diets: Effects on weight gain, metabolism and fatty acid profile in meat

2025-05-15T16:31:14-03:00

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the inclusion of protease (acid and alkaline) in the diet of broiler chickens can improve zootechnical performance, nutrient digestibility, metabolic profile and fatty acids in meat. In this way, an experiment was carried out, with a completely randomized design, with 880 birds, divided into 11 treatments. In relation to meat fatty acids, there was an increase in the concentration of palmitic and palmitoleic acids and monosaturated acids, and a decrease in omegas 3 and 6, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total lipids, and linoleic acid (P > 0.05). For meat quality, the groups with the association of proteases had greater water losses during cooking (P = 0.05). In reaction to villus and crypt, the PL group had the highest villus and crypt ratio (P = 0.02). In conclusion, protease can be used as a feeding strategy, as it allows increased digestibility and gains in zootechnical indexes in diets with lower amounts of protein and amino acids.

Sourdough bread: Consumer perceptions and attitudes

2025-05-13T14:18:28-03:00

Faced with new market trends and consumer desires for healthier and more natural products, the bakery sector has sought innovative alternatives to remain attractive to the public. This project aimed to study the beliefs and attitudes of consumers about their consumption and nutritional aspects of sourdough bread (SB). An online survey was conducted to assess consumer knowledge about the product using Google Forms. The questionnaire evaluated issues related to consumer knowledge about the characterization of SB, purchase intention, and the influence of bread labeling on consumer perceptions and attitudes. It also assessed the profile of SB consumers and their consumption frequency, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, education level, and state). The data were analyzed by the IBM SPSS Statistics software version 22. The results indicated that the consumption and purchase of natural fermentation bread were in several aspects, such as sensory and healthiness more natural products. It should be noted that consumers' knowledge of the production process is recurrent, 85.86% of participants know about the subject, and 53.6% identify its specific characteristics. This study will contribute to the development and commercialization of products made through sourdough fermentation, as well as help raise consumer awareness about the benefits and healthiness of the product.

Characterization of aggregate stability in different horizons of a Yellow Latosol in wetlands of the Mato Grosso Pantanal

2025-05-22T15:00:31-03:00

Soil plays an essential role for life and food production, but it is facing increasing degradation, compromising its ecological and productive functions. Aggregate stability is a fundamental indicator of the soil's structural quality, directly reflecting its capacity to support crops and environmental services. The aim of this study was to assess soil aggregation in different horizons of a profile located in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Leverger, in the state of Mato Grosso. Textural characteristics and aggregate stability were analyzed using the parameters of weighted mean diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate stability index. The samples were taken from six horizons defined in an open trench in Yellow Latosol, with thirty deformed samples used for laboratory analysis. Texture was determined using the pipette method, while aggregate stability was assessed using wet sieving. The results indicated that aggregate stability varied between the horizons, being higher in the surface horizon. Multivariate statistical analysis confirmed a significant effect of depth on soil structural stability. The joint assessment of the parameters proved essential for a precise understanding of structural quality, pointing to the importance of considering the complete soil profile for sustainable management and the formulation of more effective agronomic policies.

Education for teaching in healthcare undergraduate programs in Brazil: A scoping review protocol

2025-05-07T06:05:14-03:00

Our aim is to present the protocol for a scoping review, guided by the question: "What does the literature report about education for teaching in undergraduate healthcare programs in Brazil?" The review will include scientific articles, theses, and dissertations published between 2018 and 2024, following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Based on the PCC mnemonic, it will consider as the Population, publications on education for teaching in undergraduate healthcare programs [Physical Education, Nursing, Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, Speech Therapy, Medicine, Nutrition, Dentistry, Psychology, Social Work, Occupational Therapy, and Collective Health]; as the Concept, formative processes for educators and supervisors in higher education (undergraduate level); and as the Context, the Brazilian setting, with no language restrictions. After a pilot study, the initial search will be conducted in the following databases: Scielo, LILACS, CINAHL (EBSCO), Bdenf, SCOPUS, and BDTD, by two researchers, with inclusion/exclusion determined through analysis of titles, keywords, and abstracts. For data extraction from the full texts, an instrument developed according to JBI guidelines will be used. The database, organized in spreadsheets, will undergo quantitative and qualitative analysis by thematic similarity. The synthesis and final report will follow PRISMA-ScR. We hope to contribute to the mapping of education for teaching in healthcare in Brazil, as well as to the identification of gaps that may support the development of new practices and research.

Pattern recognition in hate speech detection: a neural network and ensemble approach

2025-05-13T14:18:31-03:00

Hate speech on online platforms is a growing problem with significant social impacts. This work proposes an approach for binary classification of hate speech in Portuguese texts using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The experiments were conducted on an annotated dataset, with textual representations generated by pre-trained GloVe word embeddings. The voting-based model, which combines the outputs of the base classifiers, achieved the best overall performance, reaching an F1-score of 0.76. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of neural networks, especially in capturing complex textual patterns, and highlight the potential of combined approaches for the hate speech classification task. This study reinforces the importance of exploring diverse architectures and preprocessing techniques tailored to the specific characteristics of the Portuguese language.