Research, Society and Development

Maternal perception of the care of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia in phototherapy

2024-10-18T07:22:28-03:00

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is characterized by increased serum bilirubin levels in the newborn's bloodstream, reaching a percentage considered high in this population. Phototherapy is one of the most commonly used treatments, being the first therapeutic choice for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The objective of the study is to understand the perception of mothers about the care of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia undergoing phototherapy. This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study produced through participatory observation and interviews, analyzed by Bardin's Thematic Content Analysis. Mothers of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia undergoing phototherapy participated in the study, carried out in a public hospital in the interior of Pernambuco. The result revealed that maternal perceptions become positive or negative in light of what they are experiencing in the diagnosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy. Therefore, 3 thematic categories emerged: feelings of mothers of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia undergoing phototherapy; Care provided by mothers of newborns undergoing phototherapy and communication by the health team about care for newborns with hyperbilirubinemia undergoing phototherapy. It is concluded, therefore, that mothers of newborns with hyperbilirubinemia undergoing phototherapy reflect through their perceptions what they are experiencing and the guidance they are receiving and/or the divergence between them.

Cephalic index of healthy neonates of brazilian nationality: Pilot study

2024-09-04T13:37:38-03:00

Introduction: Cranial asymmetries have been increasing over the last few years, especially positional asymmetries, characterized by changes resulting from external forces acting on the baby's skull, as well as intrauterine movements. Objective: the present study was to identify the average cephalic index (CI) of healthy newborns, aged between 24 and 48 hours of birth, of Brazilian nationality. Methodology: epidemiological study, with a sample of 100 healthy newborns (NB), carried out at the Maternal and Child unit of the Hospital Universitário do Oeste do Paraná (HUOP), between November 11, 2023 and March 20, 2024. interview with mothers and craniometry of newborns. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee: opinion number 5,796,884. Results: The overall mean cephalic index was 81.7% (3.2), for males it was 81.1% (±3.4), and for females it was 82.2% (±3. 0). Conclusion: As a result of the study, it is concluded that for the sample analyzed, the cephalic index (CI) of the newborns was 81.7% (±3.2) and that the score for mesocephaly is 78.5%-84.9%.

Pulp Revascularization: A treatment alternative for immature teeth with pulpal necrosis

2024-10-18T07:22:37-03:00

Introduction: The treatment of teeth with pulpal necrosis and incomplete root development presents a challenge in endodontic practice due to the fragility of the root walls and open apices. Techniques such as apexogenesis, apicoectomy, and pulp regeneration are treatment options for teeth with incomplete root development and pulp alterations, with pulp regeneration being a promising alternative. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the current knowledge on pulp revascularization and its success in endodontic practice. Methodology: A literature review was conducted by searching for studies in the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and ScienceDirect. The search included articles in English and Portuguese published between 2018 and 2024. Inclusion criteria consisted of case reports, clinical research, experimental research articles, and literature reviews available in full text. Exclusion criteria included abstracts, conference proceedings, dissertations, monographs, theses, and books that were not relevant to the topic. Results: After applying the criteria, 15 articles were selected for the study, with most of the included articles presenting a comparison between apicoectomy and pulp revascularization. Conclusion: It can be concluded that this treatment is viable in cases of incomplete root development; however, further studies are needed to standardize a single protocol to achieve effective clinical outcomes.

Drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws: Narrative literature review

2024-10-14T18:27:53-03:00

Osteonecrosis is a pathological bone disorder in which bone tissue necrosis occurs without prior infection. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BFS) was first described in 2003 by Marx. However, the current nomenclature was modified by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) to drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), maintaining the description as an effect of several other classes of drugs. This study aimed to carry out a narrative literature review on the pathogenesis of Drug-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (DIOJ), changes in the jaws, diagnosis and what treatments can be carried out, as well as preventive measures. In addition, the aim was to analyze and identify which drugs induce osteonecrosis in the oral cavity and the procedures at risk of this alteration. The methodology used was a search of various authors and references on a specific topic with a qualitative approach. A survey was carried out of articles researched in the Google Scholar and VHL databases with research correlated to the topic of osteonecrosis of the jaws caused by medication. Articles from 2003 to 2023 were included. More studies on OMIM need to be carried out, but regular monitoring and maintenance of oral health by a dental surgeon and the inclusion of this professional in a multi-professional team is essential to reduce the complications that affect the oral cavity.

Management of anxiety crisis in the emergency room: A literature review

2024-10-17T17:55:22-03:00

Introduction: Anxiety attacks are a common condition that brings many patients to the emergency department. Objective: This article evaluates the effectiveness of standardized interventions in the management of these attacks, aiming to reduce length of stay, improve diagnostic accuracy, and increase patient satisfaction. It also examines the impact of multidisciplinary teams and emerging technologies on mental health in emergency departments. Methodology: This literature review analyzed recent studies on interventions in the emergency department, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. Results: The data show that the administration of benzodiazepines provides rapid relief of symptoms. Nonpharmacological interventions, such as breathing techniques and brief cognitive-behavioral therapy, have also demonstrated significant benefits. Discussion: The use of benzodiazepines should be monitored due to the risk of dependence. Nonpharmacological interventions are a safe alternative, especially when combined with psychological support. Conclusion: The management of anxiety attacks in the emergency department requires an integrated approach that combines pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Adherence to evidence-based guidelines and ongoing education of providers are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Additional research is needed to develop new intervention strategies and ensure the best possible care.

Patients' preference for the doctor's clothes in the Basic Health Units of the Municipality of Cascavel, State of Paraná (PR), Brazil

2024-10-02T11:38:13-03:00

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the opinion of patients at the Santo Onofre Family Health Unit, the Pioneiros Catarinense Family Health Unit, the Cancelli Basic Health Unit and the Vila Tolentino Basic Health Unit (all in the municipality of Cascavel-PR, Brazil) about the dress of doctors during consultations. Methodology: A questionnaire was carried out with these patients in order to collect information and analyze their preference for the clothes worn by medical professionals and their impact on the doctor-patient relationship, especially on aspects such as safety, trust and competence, which are passed on from the doctor to the patients through the clothes worn by the professional. Results: There was a significant preference for wearing a lab coat, which was associated with greater comfort by the patients, and the interviewees were unbiased when it came to social and casual clothing, analyzing issues such as quality of care, competence and accessibility. Conclusion: The cultural aspects of the population and the clinical context of care, in this case in Basic Health Units, have a major influence on the patient's preference for medical attire.

Healthcare-Associated Infections in patients with Covid-19: Assessment of commorbidities and risk of mortality

2024-10-15T18:53:58-03:00

Healthcare-associated infections are a known factor that is especially difficult to control within healthcare institutions. They are responsible for increased mortality, as well as increased length of stay and costs. This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study that aims to elucidate information about infections acquired in the hospital environment by patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, who are more susceptible to this condition; it was conducted from March 2020 to March 2022 at a hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected from electronic medical records, and the profile of these infections was defined; the frequencies of the main comorbidities and main infections were analyzed, with site and etiological agent being discriminated, and the antimicrobials that were used being specified. The mortality rate of patients with obesity was 2.3 times higher, while that of pregnant and postpartum women was 11.3 times higher.

Risk of falls in the elderly population: A narrative review on contributing factors and prevention strategies

2024-10-03T16:08:48-03:00

Falls among older adults represent a highly complex public health issue, associated with a substantial increase in morbidity, mortality, and a significant reduction in the quality of life for this vulnerable population. The present study aimed to systematically explore the underlying causes of falls among older adults and discuss the most effective preventive interventions in the current context. A narrative review was conducted, integrating literature data obtained from international databases, considering articles published between 2020 and 2024 and using descriptors such as "falls in older adults," "prevention," and "quality of life." The analysis revealed that falls are mainly due to a complex interplay between intrinsic factors, such as frailty, polypharmacy, cognitive deficits, and sensory impairments, and extrinsic factors, such as unsafe environments and architectural barriers. The most promising interventions were found to be multifactorial, encompassing physical exercise programs focused on muscle strengthening and balance improvement, environmental adaptations, and assistive technologies, with an emphasis on remote monitoring systems and wearable technologies. However, adherence to interventions is hindered by barriers such as resistance to change among older adults and limitations in access to specialized resources. It is concluded that fall prevention requires integrated and individualized approaches that combine physical, environmental, and technological strategies aimed at reducing risks and promoting autonomy and quality of life among older adults.

The impact of Cannabidiol on the frequency of convulsive seizures in patients with Dravet Syndrome compared to the use of Clobazam: A systematic review

2024-09-30T07:37:15-03:00

Dravet Syndrome (DS) is an epileptic encephalopathy that presents itself as drug-resistant, commonly diagnosed in childhood, that is the reason for issues in cognition and child development. On account of being a drug-resistant illness, alternative options and treatment for adjuvant therapy have been suggested as an alternative with the aim of a better seizure management and quality of life for the patient. The present systematic review, aims to evaluate the efficacy of Cannabidiol in comparison with Clobazam on the reduction in seizure frequency in patients diagnosed with DS. Therefore, in a cautious analysis of the articles related to Dravet Syndrome, Cannabidiol and Cloazam, published in the PUBMED database, between 2019 and 2024, 9 articles were selected. Upon the data, it was possible to assess that both Cannabidiol and Clobazam were effective as adjuvants in treatment of Dravet Syndrome, which is drug-resistant, in addition to demonstrating acceptable tolerability and toxicity, even though it has greater adverse effects with the adjuvant treatment.

Perception of family members of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) about the role of nursing: A report of experience

2024-09-30T11:07:06-03:00

This article aims to describe the perception of family members of children with ASD regarding the role of nursing in the care and support provided, highlighting the impact of this support on the families’ quality of life and the child’s social integration. It is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on an experience report, conducted at the TEAceito association in the interior of Bahia, Brazil, through discussion groups led by family members of children with ASD, between May 5 and 6, 2024. The objective was to describe the perception of family members of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) regarding the role of nursing in the care and support of these children. The results showed that the discussion groups facilitated the sharing of knowledge and experiences among participants, emphasizing the importance of nursing in early diagnosis, guidance, and continuous support to families. It is concluded that the active involvement of nursing professionals is crucial for improving the quality of life of children with ASD and their families, providing guidance, emotional support, and training to deal with the specific challenges of the disorder.

Etiology and prognosis of non-immune hydrops fetalis: A literature review

2024-09-19T18:32:28-03:00

Introduction: Hydrops Fetalis is defined as an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the fetal compartments. It is estimated that 1 in 1,700 to 3,000 pregnancies are affected by this pathology. It can be subdivided into isoimmune or non-immune. The non-immune cause corresponds to 90% of cases and has variable etiopathogenesis. The prognosis varies according to the etiology. Method: Literature review with searches in the PubMed and Scielo databases, according to the guiding question: "What is the etiological cause and prognosis of patients affected by non-immune Hydrops Fetalis?". Results and Discussion: Hydrops Fetalis is a rare condition with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Regarding the etiology, cohort studies show that most cases diagnosed in the first trimester have genetic abnormalities as the main cause, with the main associated syndromes being Down, Turner and Edwards syndrome. In the second and third trimesters, hematologic diseases stood out, with thalassemia, followed by cardiac alterations and congenital infections. All causes of fetal hydrops were associated with fetal death, premature birth, and neonatal losses. Conclusion: The studies discussed in this review showed that the main etiologic causes related to non-immune FH are genetic, hematologic, and cardiac abnormalities. The higher the gestational age at diagnosis, the better the prognosis. Studies establishing management/counseling protocols are encouraged.

The insidiousness of chronic disease anemia - A integrative review

2024-09-26T22:09:18-03:00

Introduction: Anemia due to Chronic Disease (ADC) is a type of anemia associated with inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic diseases, characterized by reduced red blood cell production and alterations in iron metabolism. Objective: This study aims to review contemporary and multidisciplinary approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of anemia caused by chronic diseases, highlighting recent advances and scientific gaps. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative literature review on the general clinical characteristics of anemia triggered by chronic diseases. The PICO strategy was used to develop the guiding question. In addition, the descriptors “Anemia”; “Chronic Disease”; “Propaedeutics” were cross-referenced in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Ebscohost, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Results and Discussion: The studies showed that the pathophysiology involves increased production of hepcidin, leading to a restriction of the iron available for erythropoiesis. Management includes control of the underlying disease and, in some cases, the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or intravenous iron supplementation. Conclusion: Anemia due to chronic disease represents a clinical challenge due to its close relationship with underlying diseases that are difficult to control, such as inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Successful treatment depends on effective management of the primary condition and the appropriateness of anemia therapy. Individualization of treatment is essential to minimize the associated risks and improve patients' quality of life.

Use of low-level for the treatment of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis: A integrative review

2024-09-13T13:39:53-03:00

Objective: To analyze the applications of low-level laser in the treatment of GEHA through a literature review. Methodology: This is a literature review study that sought to analyze the applications of low-level laser in the treatment of acute or primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. For the literature search, articles available in Google Scholar, BVS and Pubmed were selected. The controlled descriptors used and listed by the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were: "Laser", "Photodynamic" and "Herpetic". The descriptors were crossed using the AND or OR operator, constructing the following search key (("laser" or "Photodynamic") and "herpetic")). The data were organized by content analysis, highlighting the most relevant points that the literature addresses on the subject, in addition to discussing the results of the studies with the literature. Results and discussion: The use of laser when associated with the antiretroviral acyclovir presents great efficacy in the treatment of lesions. Conclusion: The use of low-power laser in ulcers caused by acute herpetic gingivostomatitis appears to be an excellent line of treatment for the disease, with the possibility of offering good results, and which would bring more benefits to patients if more professionals began to use it in conjunction with support measures, resulting in better well-being for patients and an optimization of the time to cease symptoms.

Adverse effects resulting from the use of zolpidem hemitartrate: A literature review

2024-09-17T09:55:28-03:00

Objective: To investigate and discuss the risks associated with the use of the drug in order to clarify the possible damage to health. Methods: Through an integrative review, using the guiding question “What are the main adverse effects and impacts of using zolpidem?”. The search was carried out in the main databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Medical Literature and Retrieval System onLine (MEDLINE/PubMed®), Periódicos CAPES and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). MESH (Medical Subject Headings) and DeCs (Health Sciences Descriptors) were used as descriptors in the search strategy. The search strategy followed the criteria of the Boolean operator “AND”, which combines terms. The terms used were zolpidem “AND” adverse effects AND overdose, during the month of September 2024. Results: Zolpidem is a drug of paramount importance for the treatment of cases of insomnia, and long-term medical therapy should be monitored to assess efficacy, the emergence of adverse effects and the onset or worsening of comorbid conditions. Conclusion: Strict prescription control and continuous evaluation of its impact on patients' physical and mental health are essential to avoid abuse and serious complications.

Nurse's role in adolescent Health Promotion: An integrative literature review

2024-09-18T15:59:35-03:00

The following study aims to identify the contributions of literature on the role of the nurse in promoting adolescent health. It is an integrative literature review, conducted from February to May 2024. Data collection resulted in 364 articles, with 31 articles in the LILACS database, 291 in MEDLINE, and 42 in BDENF. Out of this total, 354 articles were excluded as they did not meet the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thus, in the present integrative review, 10 articles were analyzed, which presented various methodological approaches, published between 2018 and 2023. Many of the studies highlight the potential of nurses in adolescent health, focusing on educational activities, assessments, promotion of physical exercises, and prevention of sedentary behavior. The use of the Event History Calendar (EHC) facilitates communication between nurses and adolescents. However, challenges such as limited understanding of adolescents' history, restricted knowledge of guidelines, and neglect in health actions persist. Additionally, there is a narrow view of adolescent sexuality among healthcare professionals, with little representation in research on the completeness of this age group. Therefore, the analyzed studies reveal common challenges: nurses have a crucial role in adolescent health, but face difficulties in their practice. It is urgent, therefore, to integrate them more effectively into educational and public health settings.

Orthodontic treatment considerations in young patients with intellectual disabilities: Literature review

2024-09-19T08:17:26-03:00

Previous research has shown a high prevalence of patients with intellectual limitations such as Down syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Turner syndrome, and cerebral palsy. It is a controversial topic because of cognitive impairment, lack of cooperation, and systemic conditions, which have influenced orthodontic treatment to improve function, form, esthetics, and, therefore, health through individual planning regarding behavioral management, interdisciplinary coordination, implementation of appliances, and regular treatment control. Objective: To identify the limitations, behavioral management, and appliances in orthodontic treatment in individuals with cognitive disabilities. Methodology: The databases Medline (PubMed), Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, and Google Scholar were searched using terms obtained from the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) and Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS). Results: Thirty-six articles were selected, among which discussions about limitations, behavioral management, and appliances associated with patients with intellectual disabilities were identified. The findings of the review revealed that orthodontic treatment has improved oral health and self-esteem. Conclusion: A combined treatment plan: orthodontics, behavioral management techniques, pharmacological support, and development with a multidisciplinary team are essential to obtain optimal results in form, function, and esthetics.

Lasertherapy for the control of gustative and/or olfactory disorders resulting from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus: Pilot study

2024-09-19T18:32:28-03:00

Introduction: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions resulting from the inflammatory process caused by SARS-CoV-2 have been frequently reported by patients. In view of this, photobiomodulation, a non-invasive method capable of providing biostimulatory, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects, has been presented as a coherent approach to be used in the control of COVID-19 symptoms. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the application of different therapeutic protocols of photobiomodulation in olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions resulting from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methodology: Pilot Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Sample consisting of people who had COVID-19 and who still complained of partial and/or total olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction three months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. Clinical and demographic data were collected from the clinical examination form, different photobiomodulation protocols were applied and the participants were evaluated for improvement or worsening of alterations with the performance of gustatory and olfactory tests. All information collected in the study was typed and conducted using the IBM SPSS Statistics computer program, version 29.0. Results: Participants showed improvement in olfactory and gustatory sensory perceptions in relation to the first tests performed at the beginning of the study, in all subgroups, and moved on to the follow-up phase for a period of 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Conclusion: Laser therapy is a promising therapeutic method in the treatment of gustatory and olfactory disorders resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Intestinal microbiota: Relationships with obesity

2024-09-20T16:01:52-03:00

Objective: To elucidate the relationship between changes in the intestinal microbiota and weight gain, to describe the composition of the intestinal microbiota in obese individuals and the conditions provided by the intestinal microbiota that favor an increase in the number of adipocytes in these individuals. Methods: Descriptive literature review with bibliographic research carried out in the first half of 2023, using the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish were selected, which fit the objectives of this review. The selection was based on the Prisma 2009 protocol, going through the steps: inclusion, eligibility, selection and identification of articles and these were dated from the last 5 years. The descriptors used were “obesity”, “dysbiosis” and ''intestinal microbiota''. Results: Changes in the composition of the microbiota after an active and healthy lifestyle are associated with a positive balance between intestinal bacteria: Firmicutes and Bacterioidetes which, in turn, time, showed greater availability of nutrients. Intestinal bacterial diversity is closely linked to more stable individuals, resistant to pathogenic invasions and with no overweight or obesity. Conclusion: The articles studied showed that dysbiosis causes changes in the functioning of the intestinal barrier, generating inflammation, which will contribute to insulin resistance and weight gain. However, more robust studies are needed to continue to reveal the interactions between the intestinal microbiota and obesity.

Botulinum toxin and eyelid ptosis: A narrative review

2024-09-23T14:47:11-03:00

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is widely used in aesthetic and therapeutic procedures, being one of the most effective interventions for smoothing expression lines. However, one of the potential adverse effects is eyelid ptosis, which refers to the drooping of the upper eyelid due to the unintended diffusion of the toxin to the levator palpebrae muscle. This effect, although temporary, can cause both aesthetic and functional discomfort for patients. The proposed narrative review aims to comprehensively examine the literature on the association between the use of botulinum toxin and eyelid ptosis, identifying risk factors, the mechanisms of action involved, and strategies to mitigate this complication. By addressing these issues, the goal is to provide a thorough understanding for professionals using BoNT-A in their practices, in order to improve the safety and efficacy of the procedure. The review also aims to identify gaps in current research and suggest directions for future investigations on how to prevent eyelid ptosis, ensuring greater patient satisfaction.

Pregnancy in adolescence, Sectoral public policies and care for pregnant women at SUS: A time series study from 2013 to 2022

2024-09-23T14:47:11-03:00

Considering teenage pregnancy as a public health problem in Brazil, the main objective of this study is to find out the reality of teenage pregnancy in the country; the existing public health policies aimed at this issue; the official national, state and regional records and data around the issue. It is a quantitative study, carried out using multi-methods in order to provide a greater approximation and depth of knowledge about the phenomenon of teenage pregnancy, which allowed for a qualitative analysis of the issue in the Alta Paulista region where the study was carried out. A systematic literature review was used, as well as a study of the state of the art and the collection of quantitative data from the cities that make up the research universe on official websites and websites of recognized research entities/institutions. The data collected was treated with quantitative and qualitative analysis and presented in tables followed by an analytical discussion. The research reveals that the percentage of teenage pregnancies in the region represents around 10% of pregnancies over the studied period, confirming a worrying proximity to the data published by the WHO. Given this context, the study allows us to conclude that these municipalities, as well as other regions of the country, lack public policies, programs and actions aimed at preventing teenage pregnancies, broadening debates and breaking paradigms based on taboos and mistaken moral interpretations about sex education and the reproductive health of young girls.

Analysis of the carcinogenic potential of nandrolone, an anabolic steroid

2024-09-29T08:19:44-03:00

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have been widely used to improve physical performance and modify body appearance, driven by increasing social pressure for idealized aesthetic standards. Studies indicate that the use of AAS, especially nandrolone, is associated with a variety of adverse effects, including cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric complications, and cellular damage with carcinogenic potential. This study aims to evaluate the carcinogenic effects of nandrolone, one of the most common anabolic steroids. Through a narrative review of quantitative studies, the risks involved in the abusive use of this substance were analyzed, with emphasis on the development of cancer. The results suggest that high doses of nandrolone can cause genetic damage, in addition to promoting oxidative stress in several tissues, which plays a significant role in the formation of tumors. Therefore, prolonged and indiscriminate use of nandrolone is a relevant risk factor for health, especially with regard to the development of neoplasias.

The nurse's perspective on the low-risk pregnancy and puerperal cycle

2024-10-01T22:18:53-03:00

The nurse in prenatal care has the role of providing adequate quality in the care of pregnant women, ensuring that the development of the pregnancy occurs in an effective and healthy manner, without presenting risks to the mother and the baby. Objective: To understand the role of the nurse in the low-risk pregnancy-puerperal cycle. Methodology: This is a research developed using the bibliographic review method. It aimed to analyze 10 articles published online in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) Database. Result: The nurse performs functions such as: monitoring, assistance, humanized care and health promotion during this period, emphasizing mainly the care of the newborn. This professional and his/her team offer actions that create the emotional bond that minimizes errors and complications in the nursing diagnosis. Final Considerations: This study sought to deepen the role of the nurse in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle. It was identified through bibliographic reviews that it is of fundamental importance for pregnant women to adhere to the care provided by nurses. It is up to the nurse to carry out educational actions covering their entire community, involving the team, in order to increase the coverage rates of prenatal monitoring in Primary Care.

Analysis of risk factors in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A synthesis of scientific literature

2024-10-15T13:38:15-03:00

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological disease in the pediatric community, highlighting the importance of ongoing investigation into its risk factors to improve early diagnosis and prognosis rates. Objective: This study aims to highlight the risk factors of childhood ALL and emphasize the importance of implementing health strategies to mitigate them. Methodology: This is an integrative systematic literature review, utilizing data from the PubMed platform, conducted in 2024, with the MeSH descriptors “Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma,” “child,” and “risk factors,” combined with the Boolean operator AND. Furthermore, the descriptor “treatment” was added with the operator NOT, resulting in 60 articles, which were filtered by “free full text” and “last five years.” After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were selected. Results: Identified risk factors include exposure to carcinogens, such as pesticides and toxic gases (benzene), proximity to magnetic fields, and artificial light. Maternal health during pregnancy is also related to risk, including maternal infections and exposure to high temperatures. Immune response and genetic polymorphisms, especially in Hispanic children, also contribute to the etiopathogenesis of ALL. Conclusion: Childhood ALL remains prevalent, and although therapeutic advances have raised survival rates to 90%, environmental and genetic factors still influence its incidence. Future research should integrate environmental prevention and genomic advances for a better understanding and control of ALL.

Social research on the management of postpartum women with postpartum depression at the Nossa Senhora de Lourdes Maternity Hospital

2024-10-02T20:59:11-03:00

The objective of this research is to present aspects of the management of postpartum depression at the Nossa Senhora de Lourdes Maternity Hospital. The importance of this issue raises a significant concern in relation to public health, directly affecting motherhood and children's development. To carry out the practical research, a social survey was carried out with interviews and questions and was supported by a small literature review to carry out the discussions. To carry out this research, 5 (five) semi-structured interviews were applied to the target audience of psychologists and psychiatrists. From the findings it was clear that personalizing postpartum care is extremely important, carefully considering the risk of depression. In addition, agile treatment is essential to address the symptoms of postpartum depression, aiming for the well-being of both mother and baby. Sertraline has been found to be a safe alternative for pregnant and lactating women who require psychiatric intervention.

Polypharmacy in Primary Care

2024-09-20T09:24:06-03:00

The term polypharmacy can be defined both in relation to the high number of medications used and the length of treatment carried out. The present study aims to analyze the characteristics and consequences of the practice of polypharmacy in primary care. The research is an integrative review of the literature, carried out by searching for articles related to the topic presented in the following scientific databases BVS, SciELO and Google Scholar. After the articles were evaluated using the research inclusion and exclusion criteria, it was possible to select 21 articles to compose the literature review. The articles analyzed show that the practice of polypharmacy is quite common in primary care health services, especially in the elderly population, which is greatly affected by different health problems. Another relevant aspect is the role of health professionals - especially doctors and pharmacists - in this process of increasing the use of medicines, in which there are often both unnecessary prescriptions and a lack of further evaluation of the medication acquired by the patient. Furthermore, the inclusion of the patient in the process of self-assessment of their health status can reduce such cases of polypharmacy. As a consequence of the high consumption of drugs, which are sometimes inappropriate, there are complications in health status and even cases of mortality, as well as public expenses. Therefore, greater multidisciplinary integration in healthcare and a better assessment of patients' health status are effective approaches to managing polypharmacy.

Analysis of the presence of Bolton discrepancy in scanned patients for carrying out orthodontic documentation

2024-09-22T07:21:31-03:00

The Bolton method determines the proportion between the mesiodistal widths of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, using a formula that indicates whether there is any discrepancy in size between the elements. However, some factors such as genetics and type of malocclusion can affect this proportion. The professional can compensate for tooth disproportion when carrying out orthodontic planning, through removals and/or additions to dental structures and also changes in angles and inclinations. The present study aimed to analyze the presence of Bolton discrepancy in patients scanned for orthodontic documentation in a radiological clinic in Pindamonhangaba, SP – Brazil. Bolton proportions were calculated in millimeters for the 10 patients, applying the formula of anterior and general proportions, subtracting the results from the existing sums of the mesiodistal width of the teeth, both upper and lower. The total corrections for the anterior and general proportions were determined using a specific formula and converted to millimeters. It was possible to observe that all patients randomly assigned by the clinic had Bolton discrepancies, suggesting a strong presence of the condition in the population, which may be related to the great mix of genetics present in Brazilian territory. The limitations of the study were the small sample size and the scarce current literature on the topic, suggesting larger samples for future work to update the subject.

Acute Otitis Media: Diagnostic and therapeutic advances and perspectives in the contemporary era

2024-09-20T12:21:12-03:00

Introduction: Acute otitis media is a common condition, especially in children, and one of the main causes of pediatric consultations. Objectives: This study aims to review contemporary and multidisciplinary approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media, highlighting recent advances and scientific gaps. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative literature review on the general clinical characteristics of acute otitis media. The PICO strategy was used to develop the guiding question. In addition, the descriptors “Acute Otitis Media”; “Propaedeutics”; “Treatment” was cross-referenced in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Ebscohost, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Results and Discussion: an analysis of recent publications reveals that, pathophysiologically, the disease is related to alterations in the auditory tube and upper respiratory tract infections. Clinically, it manifests with intense pain in the ear, fever and, in more severe cases, tympanic perforation. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical findings and otoscopy, while treatment involves the judicious use of antibiotics and surgical intervention in recurrent cases. The results indicate the need for prospective studies that address the effectiveness of current treatments and epidemiological investigations that allow for a broader understanding of the disease. Conclusion: We conclude that acute otitis media should be treated comprehensively, taking into account anatomical, pathophysiological and clinical aspects, with the aim of providing resolutive and humanized care.

Physiotherapeutic approach in the postoperative period of hip arthroplasty in adults

2024-10-05T08:33:04-03:00

Introduction: Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) surgery is performed to reconstruct the hip, aiming to reduce pain and improve physical capacity. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in the recovery and improvement of the patient's physical function and quality of life in the postoperative period. Objective: The aim is to understand the physiotherapeutic approach in the postoperative period of hip arthroplasty in adults. Methodology: This systematic review of the descriptive type, from 2015 to 2024, in English and Portuguese. Results: 256 articles were found, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Initially, 41 titles on the subject were found and, of these, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria, 05 from PubMed, 03 from LILACS and 02 from SciELO, addressing physiotherapeutic approaches in the postoperative period of hip arthroplasty in adults. Conclusion: It is concluded that the physiotherapeutic approach in the postoperative period of hip arthroplasty in adults, especially through hydrotherapy, has proven to be highly effective in promoting functional recovery and improving the quality of life of patients. Both methods offer a series of benefits, including pain reduction, muscle strengthening, increased range of motion, improved blood circulation and promotion of muscle relaxation.

Use and harm of electronic cigarettes: A bibliographic review

2024-10-05T12:37:46-03:00

Introduction: The early onset of cigarette consumption represents a serious public health issue, exacerbated by the highly addictive nature of tobacco and its harmful effects, which increase the risk of early death. The introduction of electronic cigarettes, initially considered an alternative to tobacco, has worsened the situation, especially among young people, due to the appeal of attractive models and flavored aromas. These devices have contributed to increased nicotine addiction and the potential transition to conventional smoking. Objective: To promote discussion on the need for stricter regulations and prevention strategies to protect young people from the risks associated with the use of tobacco products and electronic cigarettes. Method: A literature review was conducted using PUBMED (National Library of Medicine) to search for articles with the descriptors “electronic cigarette” AND “teenagers” and “electronic cigarette” AND “students.” Results: After the initial screening of 61 articles, 28 articles not aligned with the study's objectives were excluded, resulting in 33 articles. After the initial screening of 61 articles, 28 that did not align with the study objectives were eliminated, resulting in 33 articles. In the filtering process, we ended up with 23 final articles. Conclusion: Electronic cigarettes have proven to be as harmful as, or even more harmful than, conventional cigarettes, posing significant health risks. It is essential to implement stricter regulations, such as banning their use in public places and promoting educational campaigns. Additionally, future studies should explore adolescent behavior and perceptions regarding electronic cigarettes to improve prevention strategies.

Nurses' view of nursing workers in functional readaptation: Subsidies for management

2024-09-24T13:56:24-03:00

Objective: To know the perceptions of nurses about the functional readaptation of workers in a university hospital. Methodology: This is a qualitative and descriptive study, in which 19 nurses linked to the Unified Legal Regime were interviewed. Data collection took place between May and July 2016, through semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed and interpreted according to the thematic content analysis of Minayo's operative proposal. Results: The information converged into four categories: nurses' conception of the readapted worker; ease and difficulties in returning to work; reception of the worker and the need for a formal process in the institution. Conclusion: The functional readaptation of nursing workers still represents a challenge in health services to be overcome, since it is a very complex process.

Importance of agroecological fairs for the contribution of alternative production systems and their impact on promoting healthy and sustainable eating

2024-09-23T16:31:53-03:00

Agroecology is strengthened in response to the crises generated by current conventional production, bringing socio-environmental discussions. Therefore, family farming is guided by these issues, encouraging short production chains that sell organic products committed to sustainability. The work aims to characterize and show the importance of organic fairs as ways of consolidating a more sustainable agri-food system, as well as the relationship between agroecology and nutrition science, aiming to reframe and expand the concept of healthy eating. To this end, producers and consumers were interviewed at the UFPA Family Agriculture Fair and at the Praça Brasil Organic Products Fair in Belém-PA and the answers were related to other studies. It was observed that the relationship with agroecological production occurred mainly through family influence. The majority reported using agroecological inputs or biofertilizers, of their own production. Fairs were found to be the main places for producers to sell and consumers to purchase.Among the benefits cited from this production, producers highlighted economic improvements and improvements in the quality of the product offered, while consumers claimed health benefits and tastier food. Vegetables stood out as the most purchased products. Finally, it is observed that short production chains prioritize sales of products without pesticides and, the majority, free from activities harmful to biodiversity, being safe for producers, consumers and the environment. Thus, even with little visibility, organic fairs play a huge role in promoting healthy eating.

Analysis of the epidemiological of acute cases of Chagas Disease in Brazil between 2019 and 2022

2024-10-07T14:39:55-03:00

The objective of this study was to analyze the acute cases of this disease in the country, between the years 2019 and 2022. This is an ecological study, carried out with secondary data from the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), coming from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). The period from January 2019 to December 2022 was chosen due to the availability of the data at the time of collection. The variables chosen to compose the study were: Year of notification, total cases per year, sex, race, age group, confirmation criteria, clinical evolution and region of residence. After collecting the variables, they were tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2019 and the absolute and relative frequency of each variable was calculated. Referring to the data presented, it can be stated that the highest frequency of new cases was in men, dark-skinned individuals, residents of the northern region of the country, most diagnoses were made based on laboratory tests and this pathology has a low mortality rate. The data presented can help health managers, allowing the recognition of the main factors that contribute to minimizing new infections by Chagas disease.

Ketogenic diet in Dravet Syndrome: Tolerability and main benefits in children

2024-09-30T07:37:14-03:00

Dravet syndrome is a severe epileptic encephalopathy that manifests in early childhood and is characterized by hemiclonic or tonic-clonic seizures. One of the non-pharmacological treatment options for this condition is the ketogenic diet, which aims to induce ketosis in the body. This diet is widely recognized as a complementary therapy in the management of patients with epilepsy that is resistant to conventional medications. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic role of the ketogenic diet in patients with Dravet syndrome, focusing on its efficacy as an adjunct therapy, diet tolerability, and the main reported adverse effects. For this, a bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed database through a systematic literature review, analyzing publications from 2014 to 2024 in Portuguese and English. Based on the analyzed data, the use of the ketogenic diet proved to be a promising approach for the treatment of children with Dravet syndrome, demonstrating efficacy in reducing seizure frequency, with adverse effects considered acceptable and good tolerability.

Defining Aspects of Acute Lithiasic Cholecystitis: An integrative literature review

2024-09-26T22:09:18-03:00

Introduction: Acute Cholecystitis (AC) is the result of obstruction of the cystic duct, often caused by the presence of gallstones. Its clinical presentation includes right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis, and diagnosis relies on symptomatology, physical examination, and diagnostic tools. Due to its high prevalence and potentially fatal complications, this study aims to characterize lithiasic AC, highlighting its clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects, as well as appropriate diagnosis and management. Methodology: This is an integrative review on lithiasic acute cholecystitis. Data were obtained from the Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library of Medicine (SciELO), and National Library of Medicine (PubMed) databases to answer the question formulated using the PICO strategy. Results and Discussion: AC is caused 95% of the time by biliary lithiasis, which has a prevalence of 10% in the general population. Gallstones are formed when there is an imbalance in the components of bile and precipitation of one or more of these components. The majority of patients affected by cholelithiasis are asymptomatic, but one of the recurrent complications is AC, characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder. For the diagnosis of AC, clinical suspicion must be confirmed through physical examination, laboratory, and imaging studies. Regarding treatment, cholecystectomy provides definitive cure, with an assessment of the need for antibiotic therapy. Concluding Remarks: Given its high prevalence, it is necessary to keep studies updated to allow continuous advances in diagnostic, therapeutic methods, and prevention of AC.

Marketing and patient acquisition strategies in dental clinics: Development and implementation of digital marketing campaigns to attract new patients and effectiveness of social networks as a marketing tool for dental clinics

2024-10-10T08:23:38-03:00

Objective: This study seeks to analyze how digital marketing strategies impact patient acquisition and loyalty in dental clinics, considering the evolution of competition in the sector. Methodology: An exhaustive bibliographic review of scientific articles on successful strategies and practices in dental marketing was carried out. Results: The findings highlight that website optimization, the use of SEO and Google Ads increase the visibility of clinics. Social networks emerge as key tools, facilitating interaction with current and potential patients. Marketing personalization and segmentation allow you to create relevant messages, increasing the conversion of prospects into loyal patients. Online reputation management is also identified as a critical factor in patients' decisions. Conclusion: Digital marketing has transformed recruitment strategies in dental clinics. By properly identifying and segmenting the target audience, personalizing communications and using advanced digital tools, clinics can stand out in a competitive market, thus achieving greater patient acquisition and loyalty.

Benefits of self-monitoring blood glucose for patients with Type 2 Diabetes and its importance in Primary Care

2024-09-24T20:58:44-03:00

This article aims to evaluate the impact and benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs), specifically the FreeStyle Libre system, on the quality of life of patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), comparing the effectiveness of CGM with traditional glucose monitoring methods, like Self-monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) with capillary, focusing on reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and reducing acute and chronic complications. The methodology used is based on a literature review with analysis of data obtained from studies and clinical trials available in the PubMed and EBSCO databases, examining the effects of CGM devices in reducing HbA1c, hypoglycemic events and vascular complications. The results indicate that the use of CGMs, such as the FreeStyle Libre, provides a significant reduction in HbA1c levels and a decrease in hypoglycemic episodes compared to traditional monitoring. Furthermore, CGM devices have been shown to be more effective in improving patients' quality of life. It is concluded that, although CGMs have a higher initial cost, they are a cost-effective option in the long term due to the reduction of severe complications and associated costs. The incorporation of CGMs in the management of type 2 diabetes is recommended to optimize glycemic control and improve patient well-being.

Evaluation of insulin therapy in non-critical diabetic patients admitted to a university hospital

2024-10-12T08:28:14-03:00

Hyperglycemia is a common occurrence in the hospital environment and is associated with negative outcomes. Diabetes Mellitus has a high prevalence among hospitalized patients, and the management of hyperglycemia in the hospital environment for these patients differs from outpatient management. The use of sliding scale as isolated therapy in patients with persistent hyperglycemia is contraindicated; however, many hospitals use this scheme due to its ease. The study aimed to describe and group the different insulin regimens used in the hospital by diabetic patients, profile these patients, identify episodes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and quantitatively evaluate the presence of capillary blood glucose data in the electronic medical record. A retrospective observational research was carried out in a university hospital that collected data for four months and selected all diabetic patients admitted to the neurological, infectious, medical and long-stay clinics. Some of the results obtained showed that: the most prevalent comorbidity, in addition to diabetes, was high blood pressure; the most frequent reason for hospitalization was stroke; the main regimen initially prescribed for patients was the sliding scale; the occurrence of hypoglycemia was identified in 13 patients and the average number of tests performed and registered in the electronic system compared to the prescribed number of blood glucose tests was 84.4%. This study contributed to a better understanding of how insulin treatment is carried out for diabetic patients in the hospital.

Sports injuries and advanced surgical treatments: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

2024-10-19T08:04:09-03:00

Sports injuries, especially those involving the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are common among athletes and can significantly impair knee functionality and the quality of life of affected individuals. This study aims to review advanced surgical treatments for ACL reconstruction, exploring different techniques and their implications for recovery and return to sports activities. The methodology involves a narrative literature review using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO, analyzing articles on procedures such as autografts, arthroscopic techniques, and combined ligament reconstruction methods. The results show that various techniques are widely used for ACL reconstruction, with significant differences in functional recovery and postoperative pain management. Furthermore, advances such as the use of thicker grafts and minimally invasive techniques have been shown to improve knee stability and reduce rupture rates. New therapies, including biomaterials and grafts combined with growth factors, are under investigation to enhance graft integration and healing. ACL injuries remain a significant challenge in sports, requiring personalized surgical approaches to ensure satisfactory functional outcomes. The combination of traditional techniques and biomedical innovations offers considerable potential for improving patient prognosis, but additional studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of these interventions.

The use of ultrasound for the execution of spinal anesthesia in obese pregnant women: a systematic review

2024-10-19T08:06:22-03:00

Spinal anesthesia, also known as neuraxial block, is widely used as an anesthetic method in pregnant women, especially during cesarean sections. This procedure involves the application of a local anesthetic in the subarachnoid space, between the L3-L4 vertebrae, based on the palpation of the patient's anatomical landmarks. During pregnancy, the woman's body undergoes several significant changes, with weight gain being one of the most evident. This weight gain is even more pronounced in obese pregnant women, who have a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m². In obese patients, anatomical landmarks are often hidden due to the accumulation of adipose tissue, making spinal anesthesia more difficult to perform. Given the complexity of this scenario, there is a need for auxiliary methods that can ensure the precision of the anesthetic procedure. Lumbar ultrasound has emerged as an effective tool in this regard, allowing clearer and more precise visualization of anatomical landmarks. This article aims to explore the benefits of pre-procedural ultrasound in spinal anesthesia for obese pregnant women, proposing a solution to the difficulties encountered and demonstrating, based on published studies, how this technology can improve the safety and efficacy of neuraxial block.

Management of epileptic seizures in the emergency room: A literature review

2024-09-12T07:47:12-03:00

Introduction: Effective management of epileptic seizures in the emergency setting is vital to ensure patient safety. Epileptic seizures, common neurological events, require rapid interventions to prevent serious complications. The literature emphasizes the importance of well-defined protocols and continuous training of healthcare professionals. Objective: This article provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted strategies in managing epileptic seizures in emergency situations, reviewing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, and highlighting the importance of a combined and comprehensive approach. Methodology: This study conducted a narrative review of the literature on the management of epileptic seizures in the emergency department, using databases such as PubMed and Scopus, covering publications from 2010 to 2023. Studies addressing efficacy, challenges, and protocols in seizure management in emergencies were included. Results: The results indicate that initial protocols are crucial for stabilizing patients. Benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam, are effective in stopping seizures. Complementary exams, such as computed tomography and electroencephalogram, are essential for differential diagnosis. Continuous education of professionals improves competence in managing seizures, and telemedicine can provide real-time specialized support. Discussion: The discussion highlights that well-defined protocols reduce variability in clinical practices and improve patient outcomes. The choice of medication should consider patient characteristics. Differential diagnosis is essential to ensure appropriate treatment. Continuous education and the integration of technologies, such as telemedicine, are fundamental for effective management. Conclusion: It is concluded that proper management of epileptic seizures involves standardized protocols, use of effective medications, complementary exams, and continuous education of professionals. The integration of technologies can improve care coordination. Ongoing research is essential to identify best practices and develop new strategies.

Assistance from the multidisciplinary team in caring for children with Autistic Aspect Syndrome (ASD)

2024-10-03T08:35:17-03:00

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that presents with symptoms that vary in intensity and manifestation. It affects approximately 2 in every 1,000 births and is four times more prevalent in male children compared to female children. It is a condition that is observed in several parts of the world. Objective: To develop a descriptive analysis of the performance of the multidisciplinary health team on Autism Spectrum Disorders and their impacts on the daily lives of those living on the spectrum. Methodology: This is a descriptive bibliographic review with a qualitative approach, based on scientific studies on the interdisciplinary approach in assisting autistic children. It was carried out through a search in the LILACS, SCIELO, BVS Literature databases and on the Ministry of Health's reference website. The selected articles met the following inclusion criteria: those published from 2014 to 2023, complete in Portuguese. Results and Discussion: Based on the analysis of scientific studies, it was possible to observe that the studies showed that autism is a condition that begins early, where difficulties usually compromise the child's development throughout his or her life. In this sense, there is a variety related to the intensity and form of expression of the symptoms, in the areas that define its diagnosis. Final Considerations: It is concluded that, as it is a heterogeneous disease, for the ideal therapeutic direction with a multidisciplinary team that will promote greater stimulation for the affected child, the diagnosis should be made as early as possible.

High-risk clusters of Leprosy cases in the Northeast region of Brazil: Retrospective and prospective spatiotemporal modeling

2024-10-05T16:35:19-03:00

Leprosy, or Hansen's disease, is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, primarily affecting the peripheral nervous system, skin, and reticuloendothelial system. It predominantly affects individuals living in poor communities in underdeveloped and developing tropical countries, and is considered a neglected tropical disease. Brazil has been responsible for the second highest number of cases, following only India. Understanding the epidemiological and spatial patterns of leprosy and their relationship with socioeconomic factors is essential for the effective control of this disease. For this reason, this study aims to evaluate the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of leprosy cases in the Northeast region of Brazil from 2001 to 2020. Through an ecological study based on spatial analysis techniques using secondary data from reported leprosy cases in the Northeast state, the region recorded 29,817 new cases of the disease over the nineteen years from 2001 to 2020. Although the trend of new leprosy cases has shown a decline, many municipalities are still classified as hyperendemic. In light of these results, we recommend implementing health education in areas considered hyperendemic, with the goal of raising awareness among the population about the importance of early treatment, thereby improving early diagnosis and treatment of the disease and achieving control over it.

Psychogenic alopecia in felines: Literature review

2024-10-14T07:38:39-03:00

Psychogenic alopecia in felines is a dermatological condition of behavioral origin, characterized by hair loss due to excessive licking, generally associated with stress and anxiety. This work aims to carry out a literature review on psychogenic alopecia, addressing its main risk factors, diagnosis and forms of treatment. The condition is often diagnosed by exclusion, after eliminating organic causes such as parasitic infections, dermatitis and allergies. Environmental factors, such as changes in the family environment, territorial conflicts and lack of environmental enrichment, are common triggers of this disorder. Therapeutic interventions include changes in the environment, behavioral techniques, and the use of psychotropic drugs such as fluoxetine and clomipramine. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving both environmental modifications and drug therapies, with the aim of improving the quality of life of affected felines. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and the implementation of personalized strategies for each case, considering the interactions between behavioral and emotional factors.

Expectations and feelings of pregnant and postpartum women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2

2024-10-17T17:55:22-03:00

The objective of this study is to analyze the feelings experienced by pregnant and postpartum women who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during the perinatal period. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative, quantitative, and descriptive approach. It was conducted at the Women's Health Center and the Specialty Medical Clinic from August 2022 to November 2022, with a study sample of pregnant and postpartum women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic period. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the participants. The analysis was carried out by characterizing the clientele and categorizing the women's responses to form the analytical categories of the study, to be discussed according to relevant literature. The present study was submitted to the Ethics and Research Committee of the University Center of Valença (UNIFAA), under CAAE number 61744522.6.0000.5246, and was approved by opinion 5.608.015. Fourteen postpartum women who had contracted SARS-CoV-2 while classified as pregnant participated in the study. Three categories of analysis were created: 1) “The anxieties of postpartum women who tested positive while pregnant and their reception by healthcare professionals”; 2) “The feelings and fears upon receiving a positive result and the current state of these women following their experiences”; and 3) “Difficulties, challenges, and deprivations encountered with the confirmation of the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.” The study concludes that the predominant feelings experienced by postpartum women who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy were fear, anxiety, and anguish due to pregnancy and the possible complications associated with the virus.

Oral lesions in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report

2024-10-16T07:07:11-03:00

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is a hematological disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia. The pathogenesis of this condition is mediated by autoantibodies directed at platelets and resulting in their elimination by the spleen. It can be asymptomatic and may present with mild, moderate or severe hematomas with a high risk of hemorrhage. Oral manifestations include bleeding, ecchymoses, petechiae, hemorrhages and mucocutaneous lesions. The aim of this study is to report a case of ITP with oral manifestations, provide a detailed description of the oral lesions, discuss diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches. The presence of a dental surgeon in a hospital environment is of great importance for proper diagnosis and treatment, since oral manifestations are commonly observed as the first clinical signs of the disease. The dental surgeon can identify these symptoms early on and contribute to early diagnosis and the administration of appropriate care.

Comparative assessment of the cutting ability of instruments Profile Vortex and Protaper

2024-10-08T13:52:56-03:00

The aim of the present study was to compare the Protaper Universal® nickel-titanium rotary endodontic files with the ProFile Vortex® nickel-titanium rotary files, evaluating the cutting capacity of the instruments. To analyze the cutting capacity, one hundred phenolic resin blocks containing simulated channels with 75° of curvature were weighed on a digital analytical scale, obtaining the initial weights (P0) and after instrumenting the channels, these blocks were again weighed, obtaining the final weights (P1). Forty instruments were divided into two groups. Group A: twenty ProFile Vortex® n°25 instruments; 25mm; taper.06 and Group B: twenty ProTaper® F1 instruments; 25mm. It was subdivided into two subgroups with ten samples each, according to the number of uses, being established as follows: groups A0 and B0, instruments with no use and groups A5 and B5, instruments with five uses. Descriptive statistics, the Student “t” test and the Mann-Whitney test were performed. In all blocks there was weight loss, but without statistical significance (pvalue>0.05). The Profile Vortex® instruments removed more material with statistical significance (pvalue>0.05) when compared to the Protaper® instruments. The authors concluded that the cutting capacity depending on the number of uses in the parameters used in this study were greater for the Profile Vortex® instruments when compared to the Protaper® instruments.

Late diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its serious clinical repercussions: Case report

2024-10-15T13:38:15-03:00

Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease, characterized by lymphoplasmic infiltration and atrophy of the thyroid parenchyma, resulting in the decrease or loss of activity of the gland, caused by the presence of antibodies with thyroid antigens. The diagnosis is made through common clinical manifestations, elevated TSH and reduced hormonal activity of the gland with autoantibody positivity. Treatment consists of replacing thyroxine through medication. Late clinical manifestations, such as failure to thrive and cavity effusions, are serious and rare manifestations observed in patients with late diagnosis. The study aims to report the clinical case of a pediatric patient with a late diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and its serious clinical repercussions in the Pediatric Endocrinology service of the Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital, using electronic medical records and complementary exams performed by the patient. Its purpose is to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of the disease for a better prognosis and quality of life for patients.

Cerebral Palsy and nutritional screening tools, an integrative literature review

2024-10-13T08:49:18-03:00

Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing limitations in functional activities attributed to non-progressive disorders, which usually occur during the development of the fetal or infant brain. Its prevalence is estimated in Brazil at approximately 7 per 1000 live births. Changes in gastrointestinal and orofacial motility impose an increased risk of malnutrition on these children. Objective: The main objective of this review was to describe the importance of screening and nutritional assessment tools in this population. Methodology: A narrative literature review was carried out, using the PICO search strategy, using the guiding question: “Can nutritional screening tools during admission help in diagnosing nutritional risk in children with cerebral palsy?” Results: Although there are no specific screening tools for this population, STRONG Kids has been widely used, with results similar to anthropometry findings. Still, this is a population at risk, which requires periodic monitoring and the use of specific curves for CP.

Prenatal care: Complementary examinations and their importance

2024-10-05T08:33:02-03:00

The proper implementation of prenatal care promotes the healthy development of the baby and allows for the early detection of maternal and fetal diseases, reducing the risks of obstetric complications. In this sense, the complementary tests used in the clinical practice of prenatal care significantly contribute to the assessment of the health of both the mother and the baby, help prevent and identify diseases early, and decrease the chances of mortality during pregnancy. This study aimed to identify the importance of prenatal follow-up and the understanding of the main tests requested in outpatient prenatal care. To achieve this, an exploratory integrative literature review was conducted based on studies published in the last six years and manuals from 2012 and 2014 that addressed the researched topic and were available electronically in their full format. The main tests to be conducted in the clinical practice of monitoring pregnancy are: β-HCG, complete blood count, blood typing and indirect Coombs test, serologies for infectious diseases, TSH, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and ultrasounds. Thus, it is of utmost importance to carry out these tests in conjunction with regular prenatal care to ensure comprehensive and qualified assistance and to provide maternal-fetal safety.

Socioepidemiological study and impact of reported leishmaniasis cases in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil (2014-2022)

2024-09-10T08:01:51-03:00

Objective: To analyze the temporal, geographical, and socioeconomic factors that influence the incidence of leishmaniasis in Teresina between 2014 and 2022. Methodology: This study is based on an evaluation of secondary data obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) through the TABNET website. The variables assessed were categorized into geographic, temporal, clinical, demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental categories. Results: A total of 1,246 cases of VLH and 300 cases of ATL were reported in Teresina over the historical series. The percentage of Teresina residents affected by VLH reached a maximum of 38.2%. ATL showed a higher percentage of residents affected, with a maximum of 67.1%. The profile of VLH patients was predominantly male (70.39%), mixed race (88.12%), aged between 20-39 years (27.37%), and had completed elementary education (14.37%). For ATL, the affected profile was mainly male (67%), mixed race (62%), aged between 40-59 years (34.33%), and had only completed elementary education (22%). Environmental data showed that most of Teresina's population has access to water supply and garbage collection services. However, deficient sanitation infrastructure affected 41.06% of the total population. Conclusion: The importance of strengthening surveillance and control strategies is highlighted, along with integrating health information systems for a more effective response.

Pharmacovigilance and pharmaceutical intervention in preventing adverse drug reactions at a hospital in Cascavel-Paraná

2024-10-17T10:53:39-03:00

This study explores the importance of pharmacovigilance for managing Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), a significant public health issue. In the United States, ADRs are one of the leading causes of mortality, and in Brazil, the lack of data highlights the need for a proactive approach. The objective was to identify ADRs in a large hospital in Cascavel-PR, using the Trigger Tool Method to demonstrate the importance of pharmacovigilance in improving healthcare quality and preventing errors in subsequent admissions, emphasizing the need to monitor these reactions to avoid new adverse events. Using a cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational approach, 243 patient records were analyzed throughout 2023. A total of 26 ADRs were identified, predominantly in female patients under 60 years of age. The associated medications were Hydrocortisone (18 cases), Naloxone (4), Allegra (2), and Fenergan (2). The reactions were primarily classified as probable, followed by possible, doubtful, and defined. The most common symptom was itching, and the specialty with the highest number of ADRs was General Medicine. The analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the Trigger Tool Method in identifying ADRs, highlighting the need for pharmacovigilance methods to gain a more detailed view of adverse reactions. The results emphasize the importance of proactive clinical pharmacist intervention in detecting and documenting ADRs to ensure patient safety and prevent future events. Expanding research to other institutions and conducting multicenter studies is recommended to enhance pharmacovigilance practices.

Acute Telogen Effluvium in a Patient After SARS CoV-2 (Covid-19)

2024-10-16T21:31:17-03:00

Objective: This research aims to determine whether there is an association between COVID-19 and acute telogen effluvium, as well as whether the severity of the disease influences the incidence of this phenomenon. Method: Cross-sectional cohort study, quantitative-qualitative, descriptive, focusing on collect and analyze data by applying a questionnaire using the Google Forms® platform. Result: 122 academics participated in the study, of which 84.8% were between 18 - 34 years old, with 69.7% between 18 and 24 years old and 15.2% between 24 and 34 years old. Among them, 68.7% tested positive for COVID-19, with 31.3% testing positive once again. Regarding symptoms, 87.9% had mild symptoms. Regarding the time of infection, more than 80% had an infection time of between 1 and 2 weeks, followed by 14.1% between 2 and 3 weeks. Of the behaviors during the pandemic, 75.8% presented anxiety and 66.7% presented stress. Hair loss was present in more than half of the population after infection (53.5%), with 42.7% experiencing hair loss within one month, and 17.2% within 3 months after infection. The hair loss time was longer than 2 months. Only 23.2% sought help and received treatment. Only 26.3% had a history of hair loss before the infection. And the form of distribution of the fall was presented by the majority of 53.5% as diffuse. Conclusion: The study reported a high prevalence of post-COVID-19 alopecia, highlighting the need for greater insight into the mechanisms underlying this dermatological phenomenon.

Neonatal palliative care in a private maternity hospital in Sergipe

2024-10-15T18:53:37-03:00

Neonatal palliative care is a recent topic in Brazil and there is still little national literature available. Thus, the study aimed to describe the profile of newborns who died between January 2022 and December 2023, enumerate how many received palliative care and compare those who died in the NICU and in the delivery room. Data were obtained through review of death certificates and medical records and the statistical analysis performed was based on a variety of methods, including descriptive measures and hypothesis testing. 51 deaths were found, with a median weight of 775 g and a median GA of 25 weeks. Extremely premature babies, live births in the abortion range corresponded to 19.6% of the sample. Lifespan was up to 24 hours in 61% of cases. The main final causes of death (52.8%) are related to respiratory distress syndrome, prematurity and asphyxia. The institution has a palliative care protocol, with the majority of patients (71%) not being resuscitated at the time of death, but rather being offered palliative care. Of those who received palliatives, 42% had a written end-of-life care plan. When comparing deaths in the delivery room with those in the NICU, we identified a lower gestation rate and weight, where 44% were below the viability zone, which is 22 weeks. Deaths in the NICU had more end-of-life plans, due to the longer time for the palliative team to work.

Survey of neoplastic diseases of the oral cavity in patients from Joinville, Santa Catarina in the period from 2013 to 2023

2024-10-01T10:24:41-03:00

The objective of the present study is to elucidate the incidence and series of diseases of the oral cavity, related to neoplasms, among residents of the Municipality of Joinville through epidemiological research of a qualitative and quantitative nature. The profile of patients living in the city of Joinville in the state of Santa Catarina treated for pathologies of the oral cavity mucosa was analyzed through the analysis of histopathological exams submitted to a laboratory in the city. Factors such as lifestyle, age and sex of those affected are involved, data obtained through reports from the laboratory system. In this study, 1,164 exams were processed from 2013 to 2023, using keywords with the search system, it was found that 655 samples were from women and 509 from men. The results demonstrated 185 different histological variants. Of these, there were 131 non-malignant variants, of which 277 results suggested fibroma. Of the malignant variants, which were 24 variants, 86 results showed carcinomas, with this lesion being predominant among those considered and synonymous with “malignant”. Of the potentially malignant variants, which were 30 variants, there were 138 tests in total. It is hoped that the data will help professionals in the field so that prevention and diagnostic strategies can be established regarding pathologies of the oral cavity of the inhabitants of Joinville.

Impact of anticholinergic medication use and risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease: A scoping review

2024-10-16T15:03:11-03:00

Most anticholinergic medications act through muscarinic receptors in the central nervous system, which can lead to a range of adverse effects, including neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. This study aims to map the evidence available in the literature about the relationship between use of anticholinergics and development of Alzheimer's Disease. To this end, a scoping review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The searches were conducted in Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed, Biblioteca Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações and ScienceDirect databases, considering only studies carried out in humans, without restrictions on publication date, geographic location or publisher. Editorial articles, correspondence, book chapters, book reviews, encyclopedias, errata, exams, mini reviews, news, short communications and conference abstracts were excluded. The selected studies were organized using Rayyan software, 68 articles were considered eligible for full reading and 13 were included in the final analysis. Among these, 4 studies didn't find an association between the use of anticholinergics and development of Alzheimer's disease. However, 9 studies reported a significant correlation between long-term use of anticholinergics and cognitive deterioration, suggesting an increased risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, evidence indicates a consistent association between long-term use of anticholinergic medications and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Premature oral aging: A literature review

2024-10-14T18:27:53-03:00

Premature oral aging (PEA) is a condition that has become frequent among young people, characterized by clinical manifestations that indicate accelerated wear of oral tissues, resulting in an aged appearance of the oral cavity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the causes and possible associations of EPB with environmental factors and behavioral habits. The research used an analysis based on a bibliographic survey of premature oral aging and its etiological factors. Patients generally only identify EPB when they experience discomfort such as dentinal hypersensitivity or when aesthetics are compromised, leading to a late diagnosis. This study shows that the causes and factors that affect the clinical characteristics of Premature Oral Ageing (PEA) require not only dentistry, but also other areas to be involved in its proper treatment. It is therefore necessary for dentists to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, combined with special attention to prevention.

Comparative mechanical behavior of grand Morse and external hexagon systems dental implants in posterior maxillary region. A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D-FEA) study

2024-09-26T08:16:31-03:00

O crescente uso de implantes dentários tem impulsionado a demanda por soluções protéticas inovadoras. Essas novas formas e abordagens visam aprimorar tanto o manuseio clínico quanto a qualidade do tratamento, oferecendo melhores resultados e maior eficiência no atendimento ao paciente. Entre os desenvolvimentos recentes, a conexão Morse grande se tornou popular, mas não há estudos científicos que tenham comparado seu desempenho mecânico com o dos implantes de hexágono externo ou cone Morse. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar comparativamente as características mecânicas de dois tipos de conexões protéticas (hexágono externo e grand Morse) na reabilitação da maxila posterior, empregando o método de elementos finitos: hexágono externo e Morse grande (4,0 mm x 8,0 mm - Hélix Neodent), ambos com coroas retidas por parafuso. Modelos virtuais foram gerados com o software CAD Rhinoceros 7® com base na forma óssea de um segmento da maxila posterior do protocolo BioCAD. Uma malha tetraédrica 3D de ordem primária foi criada para a análise, simulando cargas de 100N a um ângulo de 30º em relação ao eixo do implante. Os resultados mostraram um deslocamento maior no modelo de hexágono externo (0,1399 mm) em comparação ao modelo Morse grande (0,0208 mm). A análise de estresse revelou padrões semelhantes próximos à plataforma do implante, mas o modelo de hexágono externo exibiu maior estresse von Mises (148,4 MPa) em comparação ao modelo Morse grande (99,03 MPa), que apresentou uma melhor dispersão de estresse. O Estresse Principal Máximo foi mais elevado no modelo Morse grande. Assim, o design da conexão da plataforma do implante afeta a distribuição e a intensidade do estresse.

Treatment of West syndrome: A comparison of the efficacy of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosteroids

2024-09-29T15:25:18-03:00

West Syndrome, as known as infantile spasms, is an epileptic encephalopathy that primarily manifests through muscle spasms, developmental delay, and hypsarrhythmia on EEG. Inadequate treatment can lead to long-term cognitive and behavioral impairments. The main therapies involve the use of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and prednisolone (adrenal cortex hormones), both showing similar efficacy in controlling spasms and resolving hypsarrhythmia. Comparative studies show varied results. In the short term, some studies do not indicate a level of superiority between prednisolone or ACTH, while in the long term, ACTH may be more effective in preventing relapses, though without significant disparity between the two treatments. Prednisolone, however, is more accessible, making it a cost-effective option, especially in countries with fewer resources, where ACTH treatment may be unfeasible due to its high cost. Thus, both treatments offer well-established solutions, with prednisolone standing out for its cost-benefit ratio. The objective of the presente study was to analyze clinical trials on West Syndrome, comparing treatments with ACTH and corticosteroids, through na integrative review.

The applicability of photobiomodulation: A integrative review

2024-09-15T08:05:33-03:00

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of laser therapy in periodontal clinical situations. Methodology: This is a integrative review study that sought to analyze the use of laser therapy in periodontal clinical conditions. For the literature search, articles available on Google Scholar and BVS were selected. The controlled descriptors used and listed by the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were: “laser therapy”, “Laser therapy”, “Non-surgical periodontal treatment” and “Chronic periodontitis”. The descriptors were crossed using the “AND” operator. The data were organized by content analysis, highlighting the most relevant points that the literature addresses on the subject, in addition to discussing the results of the studies with the literature. Results and discussion: Photodynamic therapy may be an alternative to control bone loss caused by periodontitis. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation has become a promising alternative in the field of dentistry, especially when combined with other treatments.

Behavioral changes developed in children undergoing pediatric surgeries

2024-09-20T10:56:37-03:00

The preoperative period is a time of hospitalization where feelings of fear and anxiety are common, especially among pediatric patients. During this time, nursing plays a crucial role in providing humanized care. Objective: To identify the profile of children undergoing pediatric surgical procedures and to determine the presence of behavioral and physiological changes in these children. This is an exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted through semi-structured interviews at a university hospital in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, with a total of 89 participants. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee, under Opinion No. 2.940.781. The surgical profile of children undergoing surgery is typically over one year old, with a predominance of males. The most common surgeries included palatoplasty (12.36%), inguinal hernia (10.11%), orchidopexy (8.99%), and postectomy (6.74%). Most children did not show behavioral changes (78.65%) or physiological manifestations of fear (84.27%). The analysis of the pediatric patients’ profiles showed a correlation between the predominant gender and the types of surgical procedures performed. Furthermore, it was observed that age and cognitive development of children directly influence their behavioral changes and physiological manifestations of fear. The presence of a companion, the use of playful strategies, and effective communication are crucial in reducing preoperative fear and anxiety.

Omeprazole vs. Pantoprazole for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a clinical and pharmacoeconomic analysis

2024-09-19T08:17:24-03:00

Objective: To compare the use of Omeprazole and Pantoprazole in the context of prophylaxis of acute gastric mucosal injury from the perspective of clinical outcomes and pharmacoeconomics in the intensive care setting in Brazil. Method: A retrospective cohort and pharmacoeconomic study was conducted in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) of a high-complexity hospital in the Northeast region of Brazil, using the years 2021 and 2022 as the reference period. The primary outcome assessed was the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay, 90-day mortality in the ICU, and incidence of adverse events related to acid suppression: ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Additionally, a pharmacoeconomic study was performed using a cost-minimization analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in the incidence of UGIB between the groups (2.6% vs. 3.8%, p-value = 0.999), nor in the incidence of VAP (15.4% vs. 20.5%, p-value = 0.999), CDI (2.6% vs. 1.3%, p-value = 0.989), ICU length of stay (p-value = 0.519), and 90-day ICU mortality (30.8% vs. 24.4%, p-value = 0.370). However, Omeprazole was found to be less costly than Pantoprazole, both during the study period (Cost savings – min/max: $13,351.15/$16,398.45) and in current projections (Cost savings – min/max: $17,119.02/$21,257.68). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that Omeprazole and Pantoprazole have similar safety and efficacy profiles for the prophylaxis of acute gastric mucosal injury. Considering the lower associated costs, we propose adopting Omeprazole as the preferred medication in this context.

Comparison of chemical and physical decontamination of alginate dental impression material

2024-09-19T08:17:39-03:00

The decontamination of dental impression materials is essential to prevent cross-infections, and therefore different protocols and disinfection methods have been studied. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of ultraviolet light (UV-C) in microbial reduction of dental impression material (alginate – irreversible hydrocolloid). Circular alginate specimens were contaminated with a suspension of 10⁷ CFU/mL of Staphylococcus aureus and subjected to UV-C radiation (UV SURFACE, BioLambda, São Paulo, Brazil, λ = 254 nm) with different irradiation times, in addition to 1% sodium hypochlorite. The samples were divided into 4 groups: G1 - Control (n=3), G2 - 1% Sodium Hypochlorite for 10 min (n=3), G3 - UV-C radiation for 5 s (n=3), G4 - UV-C radiation for 10 s (n=3). Microbial samples were collected before and after decontamination methods, and the number of colony-forming units (CFU/mL) was determined. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The results showed a significant reduction of S. aureus with both the chemical method and UV-C radiation. The 1% sodium hypochlorite achieved total eradication of microorganisms, while UV-C radiation effectively reduced the microbial load after 5 s of exposure. Increasing the exposure time did not result in a significant additional reduction. It is concluded that UV-C radiation is an effective and sustainable alternative, without generating chemical waste, assisting in the prevention of cross-infections in dental practice.

In-depth analysis of antipsychotic-induced akathisia: An integrative literature review

2024-09-23T21:57:57-03:00

Background: Antipsychotic-induced akathisia poses a significant challenge in clinical practice due to its frequent oversight in diagnosis and associated severe consequences such as suicidal behavior and compromised treatment adherence. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and implementing effective management strategies are imperative in addressing this clinical concern. Objective: provide an updated understanding of the correlation between antipsychotics and akathisia, discussing its pathophysiology, diagnosis, assessment, and current as well as prospective treatment options. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted utilizing Pubmed and Virtual Health Library databases, supplemented by additional resources to broaden the study's scope. Results and Discussion: Among the 204 studies analyzed, 17 met the criteria for inclusion in the review, complemented by 7 articles focusing on assessment scales. The study explores the impact of neuroleptic medications on akathisia's pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, symptomatology, assessment tools, and management strategies. Conclusion: Robust research endeavors are crucial to consolidate evidence, identify gaps, and offer a holistic perspective on akathisia. The profound comprehension of the condition reveals paths to enhance patients' quality of life.

Risks of exposure to Covid-19 among Primary Health Care professionals in a municipality in the State of São Paulo

2024-09-26T08:16:25-03:00

Gathering information on the epidemiology of exposure risks for professionals working in Primary Health Care is very relevant and can have significant impacts on the production of healthcare and the development of specific action plans to protect healthcare workers. Based on this question, this study aimed to investigate the risks of exposure to Covid-19 among professionals working in PHC health services in a municipality in the State of São Paulo. Data collection, from December 2021 to June 2022, took place online and in person using an OPS form adapted for PHC. 424 workers from all 17 UBS in the city participated, of which 66.8% reported direct contact with those infected; 69.9% reported knowing the five recommended moments for hand hygiene, only applying them when possible; 63.3% reported availability of protective equipment, although 36.4% indicated that they did not have all the necessary equipment, with 78% indicating that they only used disposable gloves; around 29.3% reported having suffered accidents with exposure to biological liquids and/or secretions from the patients' respiratory tract; 12.5% mentioned that accidents occurred due to fluid splashing on the mucous membranes of the eyes.

The implications of electronic cigarette use on oral health: Literature review

2024-09-18T14:52:17-03:00

Electronic Cigarettes (EC) are devices that use e-liquids to produce an aerosol that, when vaporized and subjected to high temperatures, decomposes into ketene gas, a toxic component. Studies have shown that these devices can predispose to the development of oral diseases, such as periodontitis and cavities. This work aimed to review the literature regarding the implications of electronic cigarette use on oral health. An integrative review of the literature was carried out using the Scielo, Google Scholar and PubMed/NCBI databases, including articles published in the last 10 years and resolutions made by government bodies, in Portuguese and English. It was observed that ECs directly affect the oral health of individuals, through changes caused both by irritating chemical substances and changes in temperature and pH, contributing to periodontal diseases, dental cavities, opportunistic diseases and those related to smoking and even even the development of neoplasms, as they cause genetic mutations and persistent inflammation.

Epidemiological profile of deaths from cystic fibrosis in Brazil between 2012 and 2022 based on data from the repository of the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DataSUS)

2024-09-12T19:54:30-03:00

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease that mainly affects the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract, and those with this comorbidity may die due to its complications. Objective: This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics of deaths from cystic fibrosis in Brazil between 2012 and 2022. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, in which the researchers analyzed data available in the Mortality Information System (SIM), of the Department of Information Technology of the Unified Health System (DataSUS). Results: According to the variables investigated, the results found point to the year 2022 with the highest percentage of deaths due to cystic fibrosis with 11.99% (n = 291), a higher prevalence of females, representing 50.87% (n = 1,234), in the age group of 80 years or older, with 16.24% (n = 394), white, with 59.73% (n = 1,449), and the Southeast Region and city of São Paulo, presenting 43.56% (n = 1,057) and 22.63% (n = 549) of total deaths, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, we highlight the importance of encouraging the expansion of health policies for the treatment of individuals with cystic fibrosis, aiming to reduce the number of deaths from this disease in Brazil.

Use of low-intensity laser therapy for treatment and prevention of oral mucositis lesions in a leukemic patient: Case report

2024-09-22T18:19:03-03:00

Leukemias are malignant hematologic neoplastic diseases that result from the uncontrolled growth of clonal cells in the bone marrow. The treatment of leukemias has important side effects, among them, oral mucositis (OM), the most common complication in the oral cavity, presenting inflammation of the mucosa, erythema and painful ulcers. A therapy already widely disseminated in the literature due to its numerous positive results in the treatment of OM, is low-intensity laser therapy (LLLT), which has beneficial effects on the irradiated tissues. The present study aims to report a clinical case where LLLT was used for the treatment and prevention of OM lesions in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Patient M.S.S, 40 years old, presented intense dryness of the oral mucosa at the beginning of chemotherapy, so an opinion was requested for evaluation by the Hospital Dentistry team. During clinical examination, multiple ulcerated lesions were observed in the oral mucosa. Therefore, the approach adopted was to use Flogoral spray, artificial saliva and initiate the laser therapy protocol for the management of OM. LLI demonstrated significant results, with clinical improvement, pain minimization and tissue regeneration. The patient continued to be monitored in the remaining chemotherapy cycles for the laser therapy protocol to prevent OM. OM is a condition that affects not only the patient's quality of life, but can also have repercussions on antineoplastic treatment. Therefore, LLI may be a treatment of choice for OM in cancer patients, so far, without presenting any side effects.

Updates on the association between anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances

2024-10-03T08:30:55-03:00

Introduction: The sleep-wake cycle works in a circadian rhythm and is fundamental for preserving the functions of the human organism. Various endogenous and exogenous factors can affect this cycle. Objective: To elucidate the relationship between anxiety disorders and changes in sleep patterns. Methodology: This is an integrative review on the association between anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Data was used from the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library of Medicine (SciELO) and National Library of Medicine (PubMed) databases, using the descriptors “sleep disorders”, “anxiety disorders”, “circadian rhythm” and “sleep deprivation” to answer the question formulated using the PICO strategy. Results and Discussion: There are different sleep disorders and they can affect any stage of sleep, be it wakefulness, REM sleep or NREM sleep. The relationship between these disorders and anxiety is a two-way street, as they can exacerbate anxious feelings at the same time as anxiety leads to sleep problems. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoeducation and drugs are the strategies most often used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders, but further research is needed into alternative methods, such as the use of cannabidiol, noise, medicinal plants and manual therapy. Conclusion: In view of the damage caused by the association between anxiety and sleep disorders, it is necessary to elucidate this relationship and look for new treatments that guarantee a better quality of life for affected patients.

Orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth increase the velocity of tooth movement and cause external root resorption

2024-10-04T10:59:22-03:00

The success of tooth movement in treating traumatized teeth depends on the severity of the initial injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histological structure of periodontal tissues and root resorption during orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth. A total of 24 female Wistar rats were used and divided into four experimental groups: Group 1, 6 rats that were not subjected to any experimental procedure (control); Group 2, 6 rats that were subjected to induced tooth movement (ITM); Group 3, 6 rats that underwent dentoalveolar trauma (DT); and Group 4, 6 rats that were subjected to DT+ITM. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the maxilla were removed and processed for histology. Has been observed that the animals in the DT+ITM group had a significantly higher tooth movement rate than the animals in the ITM group. The animals of CTL group had normal findings, while alterations were found in the remaining animals. In ITM group, disorganization of the periodontal ligament (PL) and vascular changes, in addition to moderate root resorption, were observed. The DT group also demonstrated these changes, in addition to presenting with giant cells in the furcation region. In DT+ITM group, in addition to the findings seen in the other experimental groups, also presented with PL disorganization, moderate vascular changes, more intense root resorption and hyaline areas. We conclude that of induced tooth movement associated with the extrusive subluxation trauma causes increases the rate of tooth movement and root resorption.

The silent and serious association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and persistent hypertension: An integrative review

2024-09-23T11:24:38-03:00

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by obstruction of the airways and inspiratory flow during sleep, and is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of hypertension. Objectives: This study aims to review contemporary and multidisciplinary approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension, highlighting recent advances and scientific gaps. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative literature review on the general clinical characteristics of arterial hypertension secondary to obstructive sleep apnea. The PICO strategy was used to develop the guiding question. In addition, the descriptors “Obstructive Sleep Apnea”; “Hypertension”; “Treatment” were cross-referenced in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Ebscohost, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Results and Discussion: It was possible to find strong evidence to explain the emergence of hypertension as a result of obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusion: Hypertension secondary to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs due to airway obstruction during sleep, leading to episodes of hypoxemia, which activate the sympathetic nervous system and increase blood pressure. This condition is often resistant to conventional treatment and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Appropriate treatment of OSA, such as the use of CPAP, is essential for effective control.

Physiotherapeutic resources for pre and post-operative treatment of uterine prolapse

2024-10-04T16:15:34-03:00

Introduction: Uterine prolapse is a condition characterized by the displacement of the uterus from its usual position, descending towards the vagina due to the weakening of the muscles and ligaments that support it. It affects up to 50% of women who have given birth, with 14% to 19% of women undergoing surgical correction. Objective: To analyze physiotherapeutic resources for the pre- and postoperative treatment of uterine prolapse. Methodology: Systematic and descriptive study type, collection of SciELO and LILACS databases, PEDro covering the period from 2015 to 2024. Results: 44 titles were found, of which 10 articles corresponded to the previously established inclusion criteria, 05 PEDro, 03 from LILACS and 02 from SciELO, of these studies, 2 are of the randomized controlled clinical trial type, 2 are randomized controlled studies, 1 retrospective cohort, 1 Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questonnaire-IUGA Revised (PISQ-IR) questionnaire, 1 clinical study, 1 case study, 1 cross-sectional study and 1 prospective observational study, 4 were published in English, and 6 in Portuguese, addressing physiotherapeutic resources for the pre- and postoperative treatment of uterine prolapse. Conclusion: It is concluded that studies specifically aimed at the treatment of uterine prolapse are scarce, however, through the literature evidenced on Pelvic Organ Prolapse and complications such as urinary incontinence, it is possible to understand how physiotherapy interventions can influence recovery in the pre- and post-operative periods in a positive and effective way.

The approach to Berger's disease - An IgA-induced nephropathy

2024-09-23T14:55:42-03:00

Introduction: Berger's disease is a nephropathy characterized by the deposition of IgA in the renal mesangium, which can progress to chronic renal failure, a fact that justifies the relevance of its clinical approach. Objectives: This study aims to review contemporary and multidisciplinary approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of IgA nephropathy, also known as Berger's disease, highlighting recent advances and scientific gaps. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative literature review on the general clinical characteristics of IgA-induced nephropathy. The PICO strategy was used to develop the guiding question. In addition, the descriptors “Berger's disease”; “IgA nephropathy”; “Propaedeutics” were cross-referenced in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Ebscohost, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Results and Discussion: The articles analysed showed that the pathophysiology of Berger's disease is characterized by the aberrant action of the immune system, which favours the deposition of IgA in the kidneys. The clinical picture is varied and stems from the immune-mediated inflammatory process. The diagnosis of IgA nephropathy is confirmed by renal biopsy, which detects immunocomplexes under microscopy. Conclusion: Berger's disease is an immune-mediated disease with a complex pathophysiology and a variable clinical picture, which can be mild or severe. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical data and complementary tests, and treatment includes various pharmacological measures.

Multidisciplinary guidelines on hospitalization and post-discharge recommendations

2024-10-06T07:21:20-03:00

Objectives: to identify gaps in multidisciplinary guidance that caregivers and patients present during the hospitalization process and to propose educational material with multidisciplinary guidance aimed at hospital care, including considering the transition to discharge. Method: Descriptive and qualitative research. The study site was the medical clinic wards of a federal teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Nine companions and two elderly patients responsible for their own care during hospitalization and at home participated in the study. The data collection technique was semi-structured interviews. Results: The dialogue allowed access to the guidance provided by the multidisciplinary team that the participants would like to know. Some were surprised, took a long time to respond and when they did respond, they did not know what type of guidance would be essential for better monitoring of the elderly person during hospitalization and in preparation for discharge. They were also unaware of the role and interaction of the professions in the multidisciplinary team. During the hospitalization of the elderly person, the care provided by caregivers often results from previous care experiences or observation of other patients who are in the ward. Access to the topic made it possible to propose educational material in the form of a folder. Conclusion: The results showed that communication between caregivers, elderly individuals and the health team during the hospitalization period in the sector is structured according to the biomedical model. The educational material developed can be considered an important strategy for mediation between the multidisciplinary team, companions and elderly individuals in the hospital. Furthermore, it contributes to expanding the scope of multidisciplinary actions.

Importance of training the multidisciplinary team in the face of cardiorespiratory arrest: Integrative literature review

2024-09-23T21:51:38-03:00

Cardiopulmonary Arrest (CPA) is defined as the interruption of respiratory and circulatory activities. The multidisciplinary team must participate spontaneously, recognizing the process of division of labor, favoring measures and sharing decisions made. This study aims to conduct a survey of the scientific literature regarding the importance of training the multidisciplinary team in the face of cardiopulmonary arrest. This is an integrative literature review, carried out from July to September 2024. The search strategies allowed the identification of 91 articles in the Google Scholar databases. Throughout the analysis of the titles and abstracts, applying the inclusion criteria, 9 were selected for meeting all the requirements. The results show that because the patient's survival directly depends on the effectiveness of the team's actions, after identification, resuscitation should begin immediately to reestablish blood circulation, as well as making concrete decisions based on scientific evidence, and reducing all factors that may put the patient's life at risk or cause sequelae. Therefore, it is concluded that multidisciplinary action plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis, classification and direct action on patients in cardiorespiratory arrest, with the aim of reestablishing the patient's clinical condition.

Evaluation of the radix entomolaris canal in first molars lower: A clinical case report

2024-09-19T18:32:28-03:00

The success of endodontic treatment is entirely related to efficient chemical/mechanical preparation, correct three-dimensional hermetic sealing of the root canal system and knowledge of anatomical variations, representing a major daily clinical challenge for endodontists. Radix entomolaris (RE) is a rare change, which can be present in the first, second and third permanent lower molars and which, if not treated correctly, can lead to failures in the treatment performed. The present study aims to present a clinical case report of element 46 (right lower first molar), which has this demarcated ER anatomical variation. With the aid of the periapical radiographic examination (diagnosis of chronic apical periodontitis), the tooth was treated endodontically, which, after completion, the patient continued to report painful symptoms, therefore, a cone beam computed tomography was requested, where, she noticed the presence of this anatomical variation, carrying out a partial retreatment and finalizing the case, continuing with its follow-up. Therefore, it is clear that morphological knowledge of the root canal systems and their alterations is essential, as well as a correct diagnosis with the aid of image exams to facilitate its location and thus obtain the expected final success.

Smoking management and cessation in Primary Health Care

2024-09-19T09:15:48-03:00

Smoking is one of the main preventable causes of global mortality and is associated with various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The effective management of smoking cessation represents a significant challenge for health professionals, given nicotine addiction and the other diverse factors that influence smoking behavior. This literature review aims to analyze the management and cessation of smoking in primary health care, its effects and the role of professionals who serve this population. The PRISMA strategy was used to select articles from various databases, and 21 articles were selected for this study. It was observed that the combination of different therapeutic approaches, together with ongoing support, is fundamental to increasing success rates in smoking cessation. Thus, support groups and the training of health professionals to meet the demands of these patients is essential for good results and quitting.

Decoding akathisia: The significance of dopamine and dopaminergic pathways - a case report

2024-10-07T14:31:19-03:00

Background: Dopamine and dopaminergic pathways are crucial in antipsychotic treatment and the emergence of akathisia. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for effectively managing this condition. Objective: This study aims to highlight the management of akathisia in a patient with schizophrenia while underscoring the significance of dopaminergic mechanisms in treatment. Methods: Following the CARE (CAse REports) guidelines, this study presents a case report that serves as a practical representation of clinical scenarios, contextualizing theoretical concepts through real-world examples, enhancing the understanding of rare conditions and unique treatment responses. Case Report and Discussion: A 59-year-old female patient diagnosed with schizophrenia developed severe akathisia after starting risperidone. She exhibited intense restlessness and emotional distress, requiring adjustments to her treatment regimen, including the addition of propranolol, clonazepam, and phenytoin. This case illustrates the intricate relationship between dopamine dysregulation and akathisia, emphasizing the necessity for personalized treatment strategies tailored to the patient's needs. It highlights the importance of close monitoring and flexible management in addressing adverse effects associated with antipsychotic medications. Furthermore, fostering a supportive therapeutic relationship with the mental health team and incorporating familial support significantly contributed to the patient's overall treatment success. Conclusion: Understanding dopaminergic pathways is vital for managing akathisia and schizophrenia. This study advocates for a holistic treatment approach that integrates clinical insights with psychosocial factors to improve the patient's quality of life and treatment adherence.

Nursing and health education in a cardiovascular emergency room: An experience report

2024-10-08T07:34:56-03:00

Objective: To describe and spark reflections on the need for an education strategy that benefits both patients in the cardiovascular context and nurses with work overload in an emergency room with a high demand for daily admissions. Methodology: Experience report addressing the education process in the context of hospitalization in a cardiovascular emergency room, adapting the script by Mussi, Flores & Almeida. Results: Evidence emerged that nurses and patients in a cardiovascular emergency room could benefit from health education using educational technologies focusing on multimedia resources and interactive games. Conclusion of the study: Educational technologies can be incorporated into cardiovascular health education in an emergency room, to the benefit of patients and nurses, due to the potential of this teaching-learning method in the literature. More practical studies are proposed on the benefits of implementing educational technologies on nurses' workload and improvements to patient treatment.

Prematurity and prenatal care in Primary Health Care (PHC): A literature review

2024-10-08T13:52:54-03:00

Objective: To evaluate the association between prenatal care and the incidence of prematurity, highlighting the importance of quality monitoring during pregnancy. Methodology: A literature review was conducted of scientific publications from June 2019 to June 2024. Initially, 118 studies were identified, of which five were selected based on inclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that prematurity affects approximately 10% of births in Brazil, with associated risk factors such as socioeconomic status and previous preterm births. Frequent prenatal visits are a protective factor. Conclusion: Quality prenatal care is crucial in preventing preterm births, with a direct relationship between the number of visits and the reduction of prematurity.

Prevalence of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2024-10-09T07:10:53-03:00

Introduction: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which encodes the protein dystrophin. As a result, repeated muscle injuries occur, leading to challenges in mobility, as well as cardiorespiratory complications. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of DMD in the global population. Methodology: The study search was conducted using the descriptors: "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy" AND "Prevalence", in MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, SCIELO, and Web of Science. Eligibility, screening, and data extraction were conducted by three reviewers. The software R was used for the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 2,155 studies were identified. Of these, 2,146 articles were excluded after reading the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Nine studies (n = 21,447,765 patients) reported data on the prevalence of DMD in patients. Overall, the prevalence of dystrophy was 1.04 per 10,000 individuals (95% CI 0.00 to 2.41, I² = 99%, p < 0.01). All DMD patients were male. A statistically significant difference was observed in the subgroup analysis by continent, with a higher prevalence in North America 1.28% (95% CI 0.71–1.85), and the most common genetic mutation type in the DMD gene was deletion 78% (95% CI 42–85). Conclusion: DMD is a prevalent dystrophic disease, mainly affecting male individuals and those from the North American continent, and is primarily caused by deletion-type genetic mutations.

Breast cancer: Risks and treatments associated with women diagnosed

2024-10-02T11:42:08-03:00

Objective: This study aims to conduct a integrative review on breast cancer, highlighting the associated risk factors and the importance of prevention and early detection. Methods: A integrative review was conducted, selecting information published between 2020 and 2024. The research was conducted in virtual libraries using the descriptors “breast cancer”, “risk factors” and “prevention”. Only texts in Portuguese and English were included. Results: The data analysis revealed three main topics: diagnosis, treatment, and risk factors. Early detection through mammograms and self-examinations is crucial for increasing survival rates. Treatment involves surgical and systemic interventions, with the SUS (Unified Health System) playing a fundamental role in access to oncology care. Identified risk factors include advanced age, inadequate lifestyle habits, and exposure to environmental agents. Conclusion: Early detection and awareness of risk factors are essential in the fight against breast cancer. The SUS should continue to promote educational campaigns and expand access to examinations and treatments, aiming for more favorable outcomes for affected women.

Upper labial frenectomy in a child patient - from diagnosis to surgical technique: A case report

2024-10-03T16:08:43-03:00

The upper labial frenum or frenulum consists mainly of a triangular fibrous or fibromuscular tissue, located in the midline between the upper central incisors. The frenulum can cause consequences for the patient, mainly highlighting the presence of the median diastema, generating dental disharmony and altering the smile, consequently affecting self-esteem and interfering with the patient's social life. Frenectomy, which consists of repositioning the hypertrophic labial frenulum, is the procedure indicated to correct this tissue structure. However, the objective of this study is to present a follow-up of the surgical approach of upper lip frenectomy in a child in the mixed dentition phase. Through clinical examination, the presence of a wide, voluminous upper labial frenulum, papilla ischemia at the time of lip traction and the presence of diastema between the incisors was observed. After the clinical examination, it was found that there was a need for surgical intervention to correct the upper labial frenulum. The proposed treatment is surgical repositioning of the brake. Therefore, the proposed treatment favored the preservation of the functional, anatomical and aesthetic characteristics of the upper labial frenulum.

Epidemiological profile of Traumatic Brain Injury in the cities of Palmas, Gurupi and Araguaína in the state of Tocantins between 2020 and 2021: A quantitative analysis

2024-09-30T21:04:19-03:00

This study's main objective is to analyze the epidemiological profile of cases of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in the state of Tocantins over a decade, covering the period from 2020 to 2021 in the 3 largest cities in the state, Palmas, Gurupi and Araguaína. The research, of a quantitative nature, used data from DATASUS to identify patterns and trends related to age, sex and place of occurrence of cases. The results demonstrated that TBI is a relevant public health problem in the state, with a higher prevalence among men, especially in the 20 to 29 age group. Palmas had the highest number of deaths, followed by Araguaína and Gurupi. Data analysis reveals the need for preventive and health promotion actions, such as educational campaigns on traffic safety and the use of protective equipment, as well as investments in infrastructure and specialized health services. The identification of the most vulnerable groups allows actions to be directed more effectively, contributing to reducing the incidence and severity of TBIs in Tocantins.

Indirect expressions of the warrior gene responsible for the enzyme catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) in situations of academic stress

2024-10-19T08:06:19-03:00

The term "warrior gene" is commonly used to describe genetic variations that may impact human behavior, such as aggression, impulsivity, and stress tolerance. However, there is increasing evidence that important genetic variants can alter the activity within specific neuronal circuits and, therefore, influence specific cognitive-affective phenomena. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene leads to a genetic variant that regulates the metabolism of catecholamines, mainly dopamine. Therefore, genetic variations in the COMT gene may influence the activity of this enzyme, resulting in individual disparities in dopamine regulation and, consequently, shaping personality traits and behavioral patterns. Objective to understand and indirectly relate the different expressions of the COMT gene in academics subjected to adverse stress situations. For this study, a practical social experiment was conducted in two stages of questionnaires. The first stage was conducted in a comfortable situation, and the second stage involved stress induction. The results indicate that academics aged 17 to 23 with possible Val¹⁵⁸Val genotypes exhibit a faster degradation of dopamine, resulting in lower stress levels, while those with the possible Met¹⁵⁸Met genotype have an accumulation of dopamine, leading to a more intense stress response, especially in adverse situations. In the end, relationships were established that differentiate the COMT alleles in homozygotes (Val¹⁵⁸Val; Met¹⁵⁸Met) and heterozygotes (Val¹⁵⁸Met) to highlight differences in dopamine degradation in the prefrontal cortex.

Mesiodens: Etiology, clinical characteristics and therapeutic management. Literature review

2024-09-19T14:50:39-03:00

Dental anomalies of number, such as mesiodens, are increasingly detected, and represent a subcategory of supernumerary anomalies, which is predominant in men in the permanent dentition. Its etiology is still unknown, however, there is a variety of complications that affect the dental structures of the common dentition. The most effective and optimal way to diagnose it is through images, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the most appropriate to know location and shape; Therefore, it is the tool that today complements its surgical planning, ensuring a favorable prognosis. The objective of this study is to collect important and updated information about the main generalities and aspects of the mesiodens through a bibliographic review. For the development of this study, literature from different scientific sources related to mesiodens was reviewed. Of a total of 1533 scientific articles, only 36 were selected thanks to the established inclusion criteria. In conclusion, the theory most accepted by multiple studies about the origin of the mesiodens is that of hyperactivity of the dental lamina, among other genetic factors. Its diagnosis can be made through a clinical examination, however, a CBCT can allow a more explicit detection and thus visualize possible complications in the future. In addition, it is a good tool when performing surgical management, which is the only way to treat these anomalies without affecting the original permanent dentition.

Factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization: A literature review

2024-09-18T15:00:22-03:00

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with molar-incisor hypomineralization in children. Methodology: this is an integrative literature review study with a qualitative approach. For the review, the health databases available in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Literature (LILACS) database accessed through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and in the PubMed database were used. Results: The study identified that molar-incisor hypomineralization is defined as a qualitative development defect of the dental enamel, which necessarily affects one or more permanent molars, but which may or may not involve the incisors. Thus, the structural conditions of the teeth affected by MIH imply in recurring needs for dental treatments and cause biopsychosocial, emotional and aesthetic impacts on the patients' quality of life. Conclusion: It is concluded that knowledge of the etiological factors can contribute to the identification of children who are more prone to this condition, as well as the establishment of preventive measures, with the aim of avoiding or reducing the possibility of manifestation of the consequences of this enamel defect.

Anterior cruciate ligament rupture: Management, prapaedeutics and diagnosis

2024-09-27T17:04:46-03:00

Introduction: One of the factors that contribute to knee stabilization and its function is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), which prevents anterior displacement, internal rotation of the tibia, and hyperextension. ACL rupture is one of the most common injuries. Objective: To understand the mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies. Methodology: The study consists of a literature review conducted in four stages: identification of the topic and selection of the guiding research question; establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies and literature search; evaluation of the studies included in the narrative review; and interpretation and presentation of the review. As inclusion criteria, the search was limited to articles written in English and Portuguese, published between 2018 and 2024. Discussion: For the diagnosis of ACL rupture, clinical history and physical examination must be correlated, and if necessary, complementary imaging tests should be conducted. After the diagnosis, the treatment aims to restore knee functionality, prevent future injuries and osteoarthritis, and optimize the patient's quality of life. Thus, there are three main treatment options: 1) rehabilitation as the first line followed by ligament reconstruction (ACL-R); 2) ACL-R and postoperative rehabilitation; and 3) preoperative rehabilitation, ACL-R, and postoperative rehabilitation. Patients across all modalities show significant improvements in knee function and quality of life. Final considerations: The choice of treatment must be personalized, aiming not only at physical recovery but also at the patient's quality of life and preferences.

Trends in Self-inflicted Violence Reports among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People in Brazil

2024-10-13T11:34:37-03:00

Introduction: Self-inflicted violence involves intentional acts of self-harm to alleviate mental tensions and stresses, often resulting from traumas and social pressures. Objective: To analyze the trend of notification rates of self-inflicted violence among LGBT individuals in different Federal Units (UFs) of Brazil from 2015 to 2021. Methods: Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, considering gender identity and sexual orientation of individuals aged 10 years and older. Annual rates were calculated and analyzed using linear regression with Stata 14.0, and the Prais-Winsten method was used to analyze the trends in notification rates. Results: A total of 11,817 cases were documented during this period. Regional distribution revealed that the Southeast registered the highest number of occurrences (5,570 cases). The highest notification rate occurred in the South region in 2017 (2.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). In terms of percentage variation, there was an overall increase of 123.5% in violence notifications. The time series analysis revealed increasing trends in Sergipe (AIA = 51.0; 95% CI 16.0 – 98.0) and the Federal District (AIA = 35.0; 95% CI 2.0-78.0). Conclusion: The rates of self-inflicted violence among LGBT individuals present a stable trend but vary regionally, highlighting the need for inclusive public policies and holistic approaches to prevention and protection, considering the complexity of the scenario.

The influence of risk factors on the outcome of peripheral arterial obstructive disease: An epidemiological study on the prognosis of patients admitted to a tertiary public hospital in Aracaju

2024-10-18T16:24:41-03:00

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a pathology that results from the concentration of atheromatous plaques in the arteries, especially in the lower limbs. The disease is influenced by numerous risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease and smoking. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of risk factors on the clinical and surgical outcome of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. To carry out the study, the research methods epidemiological analysis and literature review were combined. Regarding the literature review, 25 articles were selected, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, using the PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and UptoDate databases. The research was conducted based on the descriptors “peripheral arterial disease”, “diabetes”, “atherosclerosis”, “smoking”, “chronic kidney disease”, “prognosis” and “hypertension”. In the epidemiological analysis, the medical records of 333 patients with PAOD admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department of the Federação Beneficente Hospital Cirurgia in Aracaju, Sergipe, and undergoing treatment at the institution were analyzed. Based on the correlation between the results found, the influence of the risk factors studied on the development and outcome of the disease became clear, as well as on the viable treatment possibilities according to the comorbidity analyzed. Furthermore, it was evident that greater primary control of risk factors can prevent greater future complications in the course of the disease.

Use of cabotegravir in HIV prevention during pregnancy: A literature review

2024-10-04T10:59:22-03:00

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), remains a significant global challenge, with millions of cases and deaths since its discovery in the 1980s, predominantly affecting women and girls. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are crucial tools in the fight against HIV, with injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) emerging as a new long-acting PrEP option. However, the safety and efficacy of CAB-LA during pregnancy remain poorly understood, with limited data available. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review on the safety of CAB-LA administration in pregnant women using PrEP. The methodology of this study included a comprehensive search of electronic databases, such as the National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and official websites, restricted to english and portuguese languages. The results show that while CAB-LA has demonstrated good tolerance and efficacy in non-pregnant adults, its long half-life and persistence in the body, in addition to low placental transfer, present challenges for its use in pregnant women. Further studies and detailed pre-conception counseling are essential to better understand the risks and benefits of CAB-LA during pregnancy. This review indicates that until more data is available, the use of CAB-LA during pregnancy should be approached with caution and individualized consideration.

Collagen bio-stimulators in facial rejuvenation: A literature review

2024-10-01T22:18:51-03:00

The objective of this literature review is to investigate the role of collagen biostimulators in facial harmonization, utilizing scientific articles from the PubMed, LILACS, and MEDLINE databases, as well as the SciELO electronic library. Facial harmonization is a set of aesthetic procedures aimed at improving the symmetry and proportion of facial features, reflecting a global trend in aesthetics and personal care. Collagen biostimulators are recognized for promoting the production of this essential protein for the skin's elasticity and strength. They work through a controlled inflammatory response that stimulates the synthesis of new collagen, enhancing the structure of the dermis and resulting in firmer and rejuvenated skin. The decline in collagen production with age is linked to skin aging and the loss of skin firmness. It is concluded that collagen biostimulators are an effective alternative for facial rejuvenation and the treatment of sagging, offering significant benefits in the reduction of wrinkles and fine lines.

The practice of occupational therapists with people living with HIV/AIDS

2024-10-17T10:48:35-03:00

People with HIV experience harm to their health and functionality, with negative impacts on their occupational performance. The objective of this study was to describe the work of occupational therapists with people living with HIV/AIDS. A narrative review was carried out, based on scientific literature and Brazilian and Latin American Occupational Therapy journals. 13 articles were included, between 2003 and 2018, with more publications from Brazil and referring to Occupational Therapy activities with hospitalized adults. The HIV/AIDS causes physical, cognitive, emotional, neurological and psychosocial difficulties, affecting self-care, leisure, school and work activities. Living with HIV/AIDS distances people from their professional and social roles. Occupational Therapy aims to reestablish better conditions for activities of daily living, health care and coping with social problems. The occupational therapist's work explores strategies with artistic and expressive activities, in groups, workshops and outpatient or hospital care. The professional works, according to the needs of the clientele and the context, to encourage reflection and empowerment of people with HIV/AIDS in recognizing their rights, facing discrimination and limitations of social participation. Occupational therapists also support family members, the school staff and the community in interacting with and respecting people with HIV/AIDS. It is concluded that the Occupational Therapy intervention seeks to restore occupational performance and quality of life, not only for those living with HIV/AIDS, but for those who live with these people.

The educational product of professional graduate programs: Proposition from the conceptual, pedagogical and communicational axis

2024-09-28T17:38:11-03:00

In this article we aimed to present the stages we experienced as researchers to understand the theoretical and practical dimension for the elaboration, application and evaluation of an educational product in the context of a master's program, in the professional modality. To define the educational product, we followed the guidelines contained in the CAPES Teaching Area Document (2019). Thus, we considered that the workshop typology would meet the needs and characteristics of our target audience in a peculiar way. In this way, we idealized an educational product that would provide knowledge to students of the 3rd year of the Technical Course of Informatics Integrated to High School, at the Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Blumenau Campus, about the existing possibilities for the continuity of the training process at the end of integrated high school. As for the methodological procedure, the present study presents the experience report of a descriptive, documentary and bibliographic research with a qualitative approach. In this way, we have the effective possibility of expanding students' access to knowledge that supports them to continue their training process. This represents significant actions in the lives of many students who seek an EFA institution to expand their opportunities for insertion in the world of work.

Benefits of zirconia implants in implant-supportable rehabilitation: An integrative review

2024-10-01T22:18:58-03:00

Introduction: Implantodontia is intended to replace missing teeth through the placement of dental implants, as advances in the area make it possible to observe a variety of methods and materials, among them, as well as zirconia ceramics with the same success characteristics in area. Objective: to analyze and highlight the benefits and advantages of using zirconia dental implants in rehabilitative clinical dentistry. Methodology: This work consisted of a literature review based on articles published in the databases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed guided by Describers in Ciências da Saúde: Zirconia, Benefits, Implant, Rehabilitation, period from 2019 to 2024. Results: According to the eligibility criteria, 2757 foram articles were found, after triagem of literature, 11 foram articles were included and several data were described and discussed through syntheses. Conclusion: It is concluded that zirconia implants offer notable benefits in implant-supported rehabilitation, highlighting excellent aesthetics and high biocompatibility.

Oral changes and their implications in pediatric patients with Down Syndrome

2024-09-25T12:57:47-03:00

Down Syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, resulting in various physical and mental anomalies. Although the etiology of DS is not fully understood, advanced maternal age is a significant risk factor. The objective of this article is to present an investigation of oral changes and their possible implications in pediatric patients with DS, seeking to elucidate the specific characteristics of these patients. Data collection was conducted using the PubMed, Scielo, and Lilacs databases with the keywords: Down Syndrome, Oral Health, and Pediatric Dentistry. The search was refined using the boolean operator "OR" and considered articles from the last five years (2018 to 2023) in both national and international literature. After applying the methodological criteria, 12 articles were selected as the corpus for analysis. The studies revealed that the most prevalent oral alterations in children with DS include delayed tooth eruption, dental anomalies, increased predisposition to periodontal diseases and cavities, as well as difficulties in chewing, speech, and swallowing. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and multiprofessional care, including dental interventions, to improve the quality of life for these children.

The unconscious in Freud and Lacan

2024-10-01T22:18:51-03:00

Psychoanalysis, initially proposed by Freud, arose from the observation, especially in hysterical women, of physical symptoms without organic causes. Freud listened to these patients and developed metapsychology, analyzing the dynamic, topological, and economic functioning of the psychic apparatus. Psychoanalysis evolved into different schools of thought, with notable figures like Lacan, who revisited Freud in 27 seminars, emphasizing the unconscious as structured by language. Thus, the aim of this research is to discuss and elaborate on the notions that underpin Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis, addressing the main differences in the construction of the unconscious concept between the two authors. The methodology used is a bibliographic review. Although based on Freud, Lacan offers a new perspective, updating psychoanalysis to reflect the complexities of the subject. Freud viewed the unconscious as having no verbal representation, while Lacan argues that the signifier represents the unconscious. Additionally, Lacan reinterprets the Oedipus Complex as a metaphorical process and introduces the concept of the "objet a," an object of desire that guides the subject's pursuit.

Palliative dental interventions in patients with terminal cancer: An integrative review

2024-09-24T11:31:58-03:00

Objective: To identify the main palliative dental interventions in patients with terminal cancer, analyzing the updated scientific literature. Methodology: Integrative literature review carried out in the electronic databases BVS (LILACS and MEDLINE), Science Direct and PubMed, using the following descriptors: “Odontologia”; “Assistência Odontológica”; “Cuidados Paliativos”; “Doente Terminal”; “Neoplasias”; “Dentistry”; “Dental Care”; “Palliative Care”; “Terminal Care”; “Neoplasms” and “Cancer”. Full articles published between 2014 and 2024 were included. Results: 10 articles made up the final sample of this study. There was a higher concentration of publications in the USA and randomized clinical trials. It was possible to identify the effectiveness of palliative interventions such as the use of honey, topical morphine and bethanechol in the management of debilitating oral symptoms, such as mucositis and xerostomia. The results show that such interventions not only provide immediate symptomatic relief, but also contribute to maintaining the quality of life of terminally ill patients. Conclusion: This review highlighted the importance of integrating dental care into multidisciplinary teams, pointing to the need for greater training and awareness among healthcare professionals about the critical role of palliative dentistry. Therefore, future research should explore the application and effectiveness of these interventions in different clinical contexts, aiming to improve palliative care practices in dentistry.

The importance of nutritional therapy in the treatment of cancer patients

2024-10-04T14:24:15-03:00

Objective: to reinforce the importance and impact that nutrition has under oncology, aiming to present its role in controlling the imbalances of these patients affected by the disease, and the attempt to mitigate the side effects of treatment under their organism. Method: The present study is a systematic literature review. The search was for articles that answer the guide question "Can nutritional therapy contribute to the improvement and/or maintenance of the nutritional status of cancer patients?". Results: Nine articles were selected, two seek to bring an analysis between the adequacy of the prescribed volume and the infusion received by the patient and the impact on the patient's health status, one seeks to evaluate the importance of the frequency of nutritional counseling in cancer patients, another aims to analyze the impact of enteral and parenteral nutritional therapy on reducing the rate of deaths from neoplasms. One of them discusses the importance of an early initiation of nutritional therapy, in addition to detailing oral immunonutrition therapy in preoperative patients. Conclusion: nutritional therapy is of great importance for the development of positive clinical outcomes in neoplastic patients.

Risk factors and clinical manifestations of choroidal melanoma: An integrative review

2023-08-16T07:59:32-03:00

Uveal melanoma is the most common type of intraocular cancer in adults, and can mostly affect the choroid, which forms the uvea together with the cialial body and the iris. Several risk factors may predispose to this disease, from genetic to occupational conditions. The aim of this article is to investigate and discuss the main risk factors and clinical manifestations presented in choroidal melanoma by the articles selected for the review. This is an integrative literature review, where the databases of the National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) were used for the research. Articles with open online access were selected, written in English or Portuguese, produced between the years 2018 to 2023, with the type of study meta-analysis, systematic review, review and randomized clinical trial, and that answered the guiding question. A total of 4 articles were found to discuss the main risk factors and clinical manifestations of choroidal melanoma.

Types of evolution in human retroviruses: Systematic review

2024-09-23T14:47:11-03:00

Viral evolution, especially in retroviruses, is a complex and dynamic process that can be influenced by interactions with the host and different selective pressures. This evolution can be classified as neutral, in which most genetic changes are caused by the effect of genetic drift, or positive, where diversity would be maintained by a balance between the mutation rate and its eventual maintenance due to the effects of natural selection. For this study, we conducted a systematic review with the aim of classifying retroviruses according to the evolutionary theory they fit. In the 75 articles analyzed, it was possible to observe a predominance of positive selection (76%), especially in human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), corroborated by the prevalence of non-synonymous mutations identified, where "beneficial" mutations are selected, possibly as a response to immune system pressures and treatments. When comparing the evolution of HIV with the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), different patterns were observed, HERV viruses tend to purifying selection, maintaining pre-existing characteristics and, in co-infection scenarios with HIV, HERVs tend to neutral selection, with accumulation of synonymous mutations. The study and understanding of evolutionary processes and the factors that influence them are of paramount importance, since the emergence of resistant variants is currently the biggest obstacle in the development of an effective treatment for retroviral infections.

Probiotics as a therapeutic alternative in amoebiasis. Where are we?

2024-09-24T13:56:23-03:00

Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of amoebiasis, a neglected tropical disease and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The objective of this review is to show the potential of probiotics as a treatment strategy for amoebiasis. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords "Entamoeba histolytica", "amoebiasis", and "probiotics." The studies on probiotics for amoebiasis treatment are limited, but some shown promising results. Lactobacillus acidophilus reduced E. histolytica cyst excretion by 79.67% in mice, with a 68.31% efficacy comparable to metronidazole. Bifidobacterium sp. showed 75.63% efficacy in reducing infection severity, higher than metronidazole (67.56%). Lactobacillus salivarius inhibited E. histolytica growth in vitro and provided protection in vivo. Lactobacillus fermentum and L. delbrueckii inhibited E. histolytica proliferation with efficacy ranging from 46.42% to 97.68%, depending on the concentration. Saccharomyces boulardii reduced amoebic dysentery duration by 25% and eliminated parasitic cysts in human stool samples. Lactobacillus casei showed a 100% recovery rate in rats infected with E. histolytica. These findings suggest probiotics have potential as therapeutic agents for amoebiasis, but further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness in animal models and humans.

Biomedical contributions to laboratory and imaging care for autistic people from the perspective of humanized medicine

2024-10-08T13:52:54-03:00

The humanized approach to biomedicine emphasizes the well-being and dignity of individuals with autism, taking into account their specific needs and singularities. This study aims to promote the elucidation of possible approaches for managing autistic patients during laboratory and imaging exams, with the purpose of improving their skills and abilities, among biomedical professionals. The methodology used consists of a qualitative research approach, using a bibliographic and descriptive review. Sixteen articles were included, which constituted the reference basis and the core for the elaboration of the protocols to be followed for performing laboratory and imaging exams. It was concluded that, considering the particularities of autistic patients, humanization in care becomes indispensable, as well as the execution of the protocol steps, since this corresponds to a sequence of appropriate strategies for managing these patients, reducing discomfort and anxiety in laboratory and imaging exams, highlighting the role of the biomedical professional in the development and execution of these practices, being responsible for the collection of biological materials and conducting imaging exams.

Influence of sleep quality on clinical and laboratory parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2024-10-03T08:30:49-03:00

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology. Objective: To describe the influence of sleep quality on clinical and laboratory parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methodology: Integrative review, carried out in the Public Medline (PubMed) database, with DeCS/MESH descriptors “Polycystic Ovary Syndrome” and “Sleep”. Freely available articles were included, with research carried out on women with PCOS of any age group, published in the last five years, in Portuguese or English. Results: 66 studies were found and, after methodological screening, 5 were included in the review. In total, 279 women of varying ages were evaluated, of which those with PCOS and sleep disorders showed changes in body mass index, insulin resistance, liver fat and higher triglycerides (TG). Conclusion: The presence of sleep disorders in women with PCOS is associated with changes in symptoms and laboratory parameters. It is suggested, however, that more studies are needed to prove this relationship and the specific mechanisms.

Evolução e desafios no atendimento pré-hospitalar para vítimas com lesão por queimaduras no Brasil

2024-10-05T08:33:08-03:00

As queimaduras são lesões graves, com alto potencial de morbidade e mortalidade, que afetam a saúde física e mental dos pacientes, tornando-o um problema significativo e de grande importância. Embora o Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) tenha sido implementado para melhorar a assistência, ainda há deficiências em termos de infraestrutura, gestão e capacitação profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi fornecer uma visão geral sobre a evolução e do atendimento pré-hospitalar de pacientes com queimaduras e conscientizar sobre os desafios enfrentados na assistência a esses pacientes. O trabalho, baseado em uma revisão de literatura de 2012 a 2024, identificou 21 estudos relevantes que apontam para a importância de um atendimento rápido e eficaz para reduzir a mortalidade e melhorar os desfechos clínicos dos pacientes. No entanto, desafios como altos custos, falta de inovação e pouca formação contínua dos profissionais de saúde ainda comprometem a qualidade do atendimento. Entre os principais aspectos do cuidado pré-hospitalar estão o resfriamento da lesão com água fria, o controle da dor e a rápida transferência para centros especializados. A pesquisa também destaca a importância de protocolos padronizados e a atuação de equipes multidisciplinares no manejo dessas lesões. Apesar dos avanços em tratamento hospitalar, há uma escassez de inovações para o cuidado pré-hospitalar, enfatizando a necessidade de mais estudos que melhorem a resposta inicial a vítimas de queimaduras e a qualidade de vida a longo prazo.

Healthcare-associated infections in adult Intensive Care Units (ICUs): An integrative review

2024-09-30T07:37:15-03:00

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are frequent adverse events, especially in intensive care units (ICUs), associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospital costs. This integrative review aimed to examine the scientific production on HAIs in adult ICUs over the past five years, as well as to identify the main associated factors and prevention strategies. Data were collected from Virtual Health Library (BVS) between 2018 and 2023, and the publications were analyzed based on the PRISMA methodology. The final sample consisted of 10 articles, which identified ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections as the main HAIs. The study also highlighted the influence of hospital infrastructure, environmental contamination, patient characteristics with HAIs, the implementation of preventive bundles, and behavioral aspects such as adherence to hand hygiene and nursing professionals' perceptions of these infections. It was concluded that continuous education is essential for successful HAI prevention, with the commitment of healthcare staff, especially the nursing team, to the effective implementation of protocols and bundles being fundamental for reducing risks and adverse events, reaffirming the central role of nursing in care.

Bone metastasis of breast cancer: Advances, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives

2024-09-26T08:16:38-03:00

Introduction: Breast cancer, one of the most prevalent neoplasms among women, although it can also affect men to a lesser extent, continues to be a significant public health challenge. Despite advances in early diagnosis and therapies for primary breast cancer, treatment options for metastatic disease remain limited, with reduced effectiveness. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms driving metastasis and therapeutic innovations has driven important changes in the management of the disease. Aim: To review the main biological mechanisms involved in breast cancer bone metastasis, with emphasis on the molecular, genetic, and cellular factors that facilitate tumor dissemination. Methodology: Using the PICO strategy, a systematic search was conducted in databases such as Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde and PubMed, covering publications from January 2013 to September 2024. The analysis focused on the relationship between breast neoplasia and factors predisposing to bone metastasis. Results: The study analysis considered the year of publication, research location, study type, and key findings. The data indicated the need for further exploration of the biological mechanisms of bone metastasis, highlighting factors that promote tumor dissemination, revealing the complexity of healthcare management. Conclusion: Breast cancer metastasis is a complex process, with the interaction between tumor cells and the stroma playing a crucial role at each stage of metastatic dissemination. In bone metastasis, in particular, tumor cells alter the bone microenvironment, promoting destruction and facilitating their proliferation.

Occupational Health Nurses’ Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A literature review

2024-09-26T22:09:18-03:00

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed unprecedented challenges on health systems worldwide, requiring health professionals to adapt quickly. In this context, occupational health nurses have emerged as key players in ensuring the health and safety of workers, working on several fronts. This article aims to present an overview of the work of occupational health nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting their main activities, challenges, and contributions. The literature review revealed that occupational health nurses played a crucial role in preventing and controlling the spread of the virus in the workplace, through the implementation of biosafety measures, epidemiological surveillance, screening of suspected cases, health promotion, and psychosocial support for workers. However, the pandemic has also highlighted challenges such as work overload, shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the need to adapt quickly to new guidelines. Results: Despite the difficulties, occupational health nurses demonstrated great resilience and commitment to workers' health, contributing significantly to tackling the pandemic.

Association between drug use and bruxism

2024-09-26T16:22:25-03:00

Bruxism is a functional disorder characterized by the involuntary activity of the chewing muscles, constantly and excessively, or when there is rigid movement of the jaw, which can manifest as sleep bruxism and waking bruxism. It has multifactorial etiology, and the use of some drugs is one of these factors. The use and abuse of some substances such as drugs, caffeine, nicotine, alcohol and psychoactive substances are some important variables and agents that can trigger or aggravate bruxism. Drugs, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or selective serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are factors that are involved with the increase or risk of increasing the frequency of bruxism. These medications are used for depression, anxiety and other psychiatric conditions. They can trigger or aggravate the presence of a previous bruxism. The objective of this article is to present a narrative review, to elucidate and collaborate with future work that relates the use of these drugs to bruxism. A search in the databases of the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (BVS Regional), SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar was established as a search criterion for documents published in the last ten years. The importance of the knowledge of the dentist to diagnose and treat the symptom of this dysfunction, together with the prescribing physician of the inductive medication, is concluded after the research.

Solid waste public policies and environmental technological innovation: A narrative review on the implementation of reverse logistics

2024-09-20T07:28:46-03:00

Objective: To analyze how public policies can be aimed at mitigating the challenges of implementing reverse logistics in developing countries, with an emphasis on sustainable innovation. Methodology: The Narrative Literature Review method was used to compose the state of the art through a search and selection of scientific articles in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, provided that they addressed the implementation of environmental public policies related to Reverse Logistics and sustainable innovation. Eleven articles were selected that met these criteria. Results: After reading, critically analyzing and synthesizing the materials researched and selected, the results found highlighted the importance of eco-innovation and sustainable engineering as tools to improve efficiency in waste management, proposing adjustments to public policies to overcome the barriers identified. Conclusion: the adoption of emerging technologies and the integration of cooperatives are essential strategies for strengthening reverse logistics and promoting sustainable practices, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals.

Impact of the use of virtual learning objects in safe medication administration: An integrative literature review

2024-08-29T08:03:27-03:00

Currently, the use of virtual resources in the educational context has significantly expanded, being widely applied in the teaching and learning process across various courses, including higher education. This study aims to conduct an integrative review on the use of virtual objects in the teaching of medication administration. The review was based on national publications found in the LILACS and BDENF databases, from 2003 to 2017, using the descriptors "virtual object", "medication administration", and "nursing". A total of 20 articles were identified, of which six were selected for meeting the inclusion criteria: full-text articles and the use of the descriptors "medication administration" and "nursing". Although the number of articles is limited, the majority describe the development, application, and evaluation of virtual objects. The analysis showed that the use of virtual objects in teaching medication administration presents positive results and is well accepted by both teachers and students. Additionally, virtual objects have proven to be effective tools in the teaching-learning process, contributing to the strengthening of nursing students' competencies in medication administration. This review highlights the importance of using innovative educational technologies as a valuable pedagogical strategy to enhance nursing education and practice.

Causes of mandibular fractures and different types of treatment resulting from third molar extractions: Integrative review

2024-10-02T11:38:11-03:00

The aim of this integrative review was to analyze scientific studies on the most common types of mandibular fractures resulting from third molar extraction. Mandibular fractures constitute a significant portion of facial fractures, and their treatment has been widely discussed due to the various options with favorable prognosis and treatment success. The descriptors used were Maxillomandibular Fractures, Oral Surgery, and Intraoperative Complications. The databases consulted were LILACS, SCIELO, and PUBMED, with a search for studies published between 2014 and 2024 in English and Portuguese. For article selection, steps were followed that included reading titles and abstracts, excluding similar articles, those that did not address the proposed topic, were not available in the mentioned languages, or were incomplete or not free. Out of the 238 articles initially selected, 324 articles were excluded, resulting in the selection of 4 articles that met the inclusion criteria for full reading. It was concluded that the surgical approach to mandibular fractures should ensure anatomical correction and adequate fixation to minimize complications. Treatment can be surgical or non-surgical, depending on the type of fracture, and various techniques are available to ensure success and restoration of masticatory function. The literature presents a variety of studies demonstrating different surgical approaches to mandibular fractures, aiding in understanding and choosing the most appropriate technique.

Enamel hypoplasia: A defect in the organic matrix

2024-09-28T17:38:11-03:00

Introduction: Aesthetics as an area within Dentistry has become fundamental, making it necessary to acquire knowledge beyond oral health, in order to promote confidence, self-esteem and well-being in patients, directly reflecting on their quality of life. The objective of this article is to present a study on enamel hypoplasia. Methodology: This article addresses dental enamel hypoplasia through a narrative review of the literature. Conclusion: Continuous advancement in knowledge and clinical techniques is crucial to improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of this condition, thus promoting better oral health for patients.

Use of guided surgery for implant rehabilitation: Case report

2024-09-06T11:08:51-03:00

Guided implant surgery refers to the digital planning process, being a resource increasingly used by implant dentists. Using specific software, it is possible to “build” all the anatomical structures of a patient and in this way, you can virtually plan your surgery. Reducing surgical time and increasing predictability of success are the main advantages of this technique. The use of the surgical guide for guided surgeries allows highly precise and reliable surgical maneuvers. Another advantage of the technique is the fact that the entire process takes place in flapless conditions, that is, without opening gingival flaps; As a result, low doses of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, analgesics and even anesthetics are necessary. The patient's comfort during the procedure is superior to the conventional technique, the reduction in edema, pain and the percentage of failure is due to the minimal invasiveness of the technique, which means that all the tissues involved remain much more intact. In this work, a case of jaw surgery is described, implants were installed in the 36 and 37 region through Guided Surgery using the Implacil System. The guided surgery allowed us to achieve an excellent result in relation to the alveolar nerve, the surgical time was greatly reduced, the injuries usually caused to the gingival tissues were minimal and the 3D positioning of the implants was ideal. We concluded that the technique is efficient and reproducible, and can be used in the implant dentist's daily routine.

Nursing care in response to a cardiorespiratory arrest in the Emergency Unit: A narrative literature review

2024-09-30T14:06:40-03:00

Cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) is a medical emergency with a high mortality rate, and its effective management is crucial for patient survival and recovery. This study aimed to review and describe nursing care in the emergency unit during and after CRA, based on a narrative literature review. Using data from scientific articles published between 2014 and 2023, the study emphasized the importance of early recognition of CRA signs, the proper execution of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers, and post-CRA care management. The results highlighted that successful resuscitation is directly linked to the efficient performance of chest compressions, immediate defibrillation, and accurate administration of medications. Continuous monitoring and psychological support for family members are also essential for quality care. The study concludes that continuous training and the updating of CPR guidelines are indispensable for improving clinical outcomes and reducing the sequelae and mortality associated with CRA.

Overview of obstetric violence in Brazil: A narrative review

2024-09-30T14:06:40-03:00

Introduction: Obstetric violence, a severe form of gender-based violence, remains a significant issue in Brazil, reflecting inadequate and dehumanizing practices in the care of women during the perinatal cycle. Objective: To outline a comprehensive profile of obstetric violence in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This is an narrative literature review of publications from 2014 to 2023, sourced from the Scielo, Lilacs, and PubMed databases. Using content analysis methodology, the research includes pre-analysis, exploration of the material, and interpretation of the results to provide an in-depth understanding of obstetric violence and the role of nursing in promoting humanized and abuse-free care. Results: The findings highlight that obstetric violence in Brazil manifests in both physical and psychological forms, compromising women's autonomy and mental health. Dehumanizing practices and the lack of adequate training for healthcare professionals are identified as factors that perpetuate this violence. The research underscores the urgent need for reforms in professional training and the implementation of policies that ensure more ethical and respectful care. Conclusions: The findings suggest the importance of a critical and informed approach to addressing obstetric violence, promoting a birthing environment that prioritizes the dignity and well-being of women.

Nursing care for the elderly with hypertensive peak in emergency

2024-10-03T08:28:53-03:00

Introduction: The aging population and the increasing prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension among the elderly highlight the importance of prompt and adequate interventions to prevent serious complications. Objective: This study aims to synthesize evidence on nursing interventions, monitoring, and the impact of care strategies, focusing on hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Materials and Methods: This is a literature review of studies published between 2014 and 2023 in the databases PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO, analyzing articles that address the management of hypertensive crises in the elderly. The selection of articles followed inclusion and exclusion criteria, organizing the data according to thematic categories. Results: The results show that nursing interventions, such as medication administration and continuous monitoring, are crucial for stabilizing blood pressure and preventing organ damage. Adherence to structured protocols improves clinical outcomes, reduces complications, and decreases hospitalizations. Additionally, patient education and ongoing training for healthcare professionals are essential. Final Considerations: It is concluded that the implementation of evidence-based care and clear protocols is essential for the effective management of hypertensive crises, with a need for further studies to validate and enhance interventions.

The importance and impact of nurse guidance in the care of families with children with epidermolysis bullosa: An integrative review

2024-10-11T14:55:58-03:00

The aim of this review is to understand how the nursing team can make a difference in the care of children with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and their families. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of nurses in providing direct care, including wound management, pain control, and health promotion. Additionally, it aims to explore the importance of emotional support, identifying how the psychological support offered by nurses can help families cope with the stress and anxiety associated with the condition. Another important aspect is to identify the need for specific training for nurses, discussing the relevance of training that enables professionals to provide appropriate and comprehensive guidance. We conducted a literature review in databases such as PubMed, SciELO, and BVS, focusing on publications from 2019 to 2024 that address nursing care, psychological impact, and pain management in children with EB. After careful analysis, we selected 10 relevant studies from 131 articles. This analysis revealed that the guidance and support provided by nurses have a profound impact on the quality of life of children and their families. Proper care and effective pain management strategies not only reduced complications but also aided in wound healing. Psychological support was essential for caregivers, fostering a more welcoming family environment. The role of the nursing team is crucial for the physical health of children and the emotional well-being of their families. Investing in continuous training is vital for providing more effective and humane care.

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of levan: An overview of recent research

2024-10-15T07:39:03-03:00

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are part of the normal metabolism of living organisms. They affect the performance of biological systems, even resulting in the development of diseases. Eliminating ROS represents an effective strategy for preventing diseases. In turn, antioxidants are chemical substances that reduce ROS. They can be synthetic or from natural sources. Unlike synthetic antioxidants, natural antioxidants usually do not have side effects. In this sense, levan is a fructose polysaccharide obtained naturally from plants and microorganisms. Its biological properties mainly include anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Currently, levan has received special attention from the point of view of its antioxidant activities. Therefore, the objective of this work was to review the potential of the biopolymer levan as na antioxidant agent. This is na integrative literature review, in which the data found was analyzed using the Content Analysis technique. The results of this investigation showed that its antioxidant action depends on a combination of factors, such as microbial origin, molecular weight, type of assay Applied and polymer concentration. Analysis of the results suggests that levan is na excellent ROS scavenger and can combat pathologies associated with oxidative stress.

Analysis of moisture content as a quality parameter in the production of wheat flour

2024-10-16T07:07:07-03:00

Wheat flour is essential in baking and confectionery, and its quality depends on factors such as moisture content, which affects the durability and sensory properties of products. Controlling this parameter is crucial to guarantee the useful life of the product and its compliance with current standards. In this context, the general objective of this article is to investigate the moisture content in the production of wheat flour at company alpha as a parameter of quality and compliance with current standards. This study investigated the moisture content in three types of wheat flour produced by Alpha company, as a quality parameter. The results showed that common flour had 13.60% ± 0.251 moisture, self-raising flour had 13.11% ± 0.398, and breadmaking flour had 13.47% ± 0.294. All types were below the maximum limit of 15%, according to the standards of the Ministry of Health and MAPA.

Auxetic materials in design – applications and possibilities

2024-09-12T19:54:30-03:00

Auxetic materials are those that have a negative Poisson's ratio, that is, they expand when pulled, unlike conventional materials. They have superior mechanical characteristics than conventional ones, such as resistance to impact and fracture, shear and indentation, in addition to being vibration and noise attenuators. Such characteristics are due to its complex structure. In this sense, the article aims to explore the physical properties of these materials, as well as their current and potential applications in product design with the aim of improving their performance and functionality. Based on a literature review, the main mechanical properties, types of auxetic materials and applications of these materials in design, in the areas of fashion, aerospace, biomedical, protection and furniture are discussed. Future application possibilities are adressed, as well as the main obstacles to its large-scale implementation. It is concluded that the use of auxetic materials in design contributes to greater functionality and versatility of products, but more research is needed to overcome technical obstacles, promoting greater use of their potential in the market.

Machine learning Bureau score for Home Lending in an American finance company

2024-10-01T07:42:41-03:00

Our client is a leading provider of mortgage financing, originating loans and lines of credit to consumers in the US. Currently, they receive applications where applicants provide personal information and a soft pull of their FICO score is requested. That score is used to evaluate the applicant’s credit worthiness and determine conditional approval and the type of product available for the customer, including conventional, FHA or other mortgage loans. After conditional approval, a formal application is initiated, and underwriters review the information to determine the final application decision. When evaluating applications below regulatory and business thresholds, the company has the intention to approve more applications and increase loan volume, and there is an expectation that through the enhanced credit assessment, our client will improve the percentage of Low to Moderate Income (LMI) population able to obtain mortgage loans. Both aspects have a direct impact on the reputation and economic profits of the firm, so they are of pressing importance to the company. This project aims to build an applicant-level bureau-only score based on upgraded bureau internal attributes. This score will eventually serve as the basis for evaluating a customer’s credit risk before any loan structure or collateral information is considered. It will be used as a standalone score that can be used in the initial customer evaluation to identify better leads (mortgage inquiries for preapproval) and as input to a future application-level model.

Study of the pathological manifestations of the São Pedro and São Paulo Apóstolos Church

2024-10-20T12:14:45-03:00

The investigation of pathological manifestations in buildings is fundamental to the development of effective intervention strategies aimed at correcting existing problems and preventing future damage. The main objective of this article is to present the results of a detailed analysis of the pathological manifestations identified in the São Pedro and São Paulo Apóstolos Church, located in Belo Jardim, Pernambuco (Brazil). The study's methodology consisted of qualitative field research, of the case study type, carried out through technical visits, photographic records and the creation of damage maps. After a thorough visual inspection, the anomalies were analyzed and compared with specialized literature. The results showed that the most common pathological manifestations are caused by the presence of humidity and that cracks due to probable corrosion of the reinforcement were also identified. Based on the results obtained, the study proposed therapies and interventions to mitigate the problems identified, emphasizing the importance of these proposals to ensure the preservation of the church for future generations.

Green hydrogen production from wind farm surplus in the state of Ceará – Brazil

2024-10-10T20:10:10-03:00

Wind power, an increasingly widespread renewable source of electrical energy, faces a significant challenge: the variability in generation caused by the intermittency of wind patterns. This intermittency is characterized not only by seasonal fluctuations but also by daily variations, significantly impacting the ability to predict and support an electrical system using this energy source. Daily intermittency is the main reason for reductions in wind generation, known as “curtailment” or “constrained-off”. These reductions occur when there is low demand within the National Interconnected System (SIN) or when generation exceeds the throughput capacity of transmission lines. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of converting excess wind energy, often wasted through curtailments, into green hydrogen. Using data taken from a survey of ONS documents. By using an existing primary energy source, this approach minimizes the initial investment required for fuel production. The manufactured fuel can then be stored and used during periods of low generation due to wind intermittency or when system demand requires it. The results indicate that in 2023 alone, in the state of Ceará – Brazil, a single wind farm could produce over 2,000 tons of green hydrogen, using energy that would otherwise be wasted.

Teaching-learning strategies applied in the development of oral production in English as a foreign language

2024-04-24T13:00:11-03:00

The main objective of this research is to identify the learning strategies that are applied to promote the development of oral production skills in the English language to secondary education students. This study uses mixed methodology that involves combining both approaches, both quantitative and qualitative, it is designed in non-experimental analytical studies. For the sample, the total number of language teachers (4) and 108 students selected through simple random sampling were taken. Two surveys were used to collect data, consisting of ten and 13 questions. The Excel and SSPS programs were used to analyze the data and prepare the frequency tables. It concluded that there is little use of teaching resources and strategies that enhance the learning and development of oral production in students. However, regarding the perception that students have about whether they understand when the teacher speaks to them in English, according to the findings found through the surveys, it is observed that 47.2% almost always understand, which represents relevant data. , and it can be said that teachers are making efforts to meet the objective, so that students learn enough through oral comprehension, but this effort must be accompanied by the ideal strategies to achieve the desired result.

Public education policies for deaf students in Brazil: Challenges and inclusion in the school environment

2024-10-12T08:28:15-03:00

The article aims to study public education policies for deaf students in Brazil, as well as the challenges of their inclusion in the school environment. Methodology: This is a qualitative bibliographical research. In Brazil, over the last few years, there have been significant advances in the field of research and production of materials to improve the conditions of deaf students in society and at school. On April 24, 2002, it was regulated by Decree No. 5,626 and, at the end of 2005, which determined the inclusion of Libras as a mandatory curricular subject in teacher training courses, at secondary and higher levels, and in speech therapy courses, represents a huge achievement for the Deaf community. The study showed that it is a living language, each country has its own language, it is not universal, when inclusion is promoted, it teaches students without distinction, it allows respect for the right to quality education even if it is different from other modalities, such a discussion begins to gain strength more recently, through some thinkers who begin to raise questions about the model determined by the legal frameworks.

The Caatinga biome and ‘the unbearable lightness of being’: A conservationist approach with high school students using cordel literature

2024-10-15T07:39:05-03:00

Of the five biomes present in Brazilian territory, the Caatinga is undoubtedly the one that faces the most problems. Currently, this ecosystem has undergone an accelerated process of desertification due to human activity. Therefore, there is a need to discuss this biome not only from an ecological point of view, but also from a social perspective. On the other hand, the construction of knowledge occurs through different paths, including the fusion of science and art. In this context, cordel literature stands out as a potential pedagogical instrument. In this sense, the objective of this article was to present the results of a social research on the theme of the Caatinga Biome with high school students, in which cordel literature was used. For this purpose, dialogued classes were held with shared readings based on the cordel entitled: The Caatinga Biome and ‘the sustainable lightness of being’. After approaching the topic, participants were invited to evaluate the proposed activity. Participants evaluated everything from the topic to the mediator's approach. Analysis of the results showed that there was good acceptance by participants regarding the proposed methodology. At the end of the activity, the work was evaluated as Good (22-35%), Very Good (25-40%) and Excellent (25-60%) by the majority of participants. This demonstrated that there was good acceptance by the participants regarding the proposed methodology. Furthermore, the work helped to awaken in students a greater awareness and appreciation of their biome.

Digital information and communication technologies used in Music teaching in Basic Education: An integrative literature review

2024-09-18T14:52:12-03:00

The study focuses on the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) in music teaching. Objectives: to analyze the difficulties faced by teachers in relation to the use of digital information and communication technologies in music teaching in basic education and describe their contributions. This is a qualitative, descriptive study that was based on the database in the field of education (WoS, SCOPUS and ERIC). The search limits were defined as publications from 2017 to 2023 in English, Portuguese and Spanish, using the following criteria: articles available in full and with free access. Review articles, case reports, clinical trials, TCC, master's dissertations, doctoral theses, books, book chapters, works published in annals and articles inconsistent with the theme were excluded. In the search for production, the following descriptors were used: digital technologies and teaching; digital technologies and music; music and training; music and teaching. Results: the challenges faced by teachers in the use of DICT in basic education refer to the need for training and appropriation of pedagogical strategies that optimize their use, whose contributions are anchored in the advancement of knowledge in the theoretical and practical fields. Conclusion: when teachers use DICT in music teaching, they create an environment conducive to learning, participation, exchange of experiences and development of students' skills by referring to the context permeated by digital culture.

Use of digital technology and environmental education with a focus on solid waste in the municipality of Magalhães Barata, Pará State, Brazil

2024-09-28T07:51:11-03:00

The management of Urban Solid Waste in Brazil shows that this approach has a multidimensional character, in view of the involvement of issues related to the environment, economy, culture and social issues, which are seen as waste that is not used. The objective of this study was constructed To report facts about the group of women focusing on solid waste in the municipality of Magalhães Barata in the state of Pará, Brazil. The methodology of this study refers to an ex-post-facto research of a descriptive nature with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Results: in this construction, 17 publications and 4 books of scientific methodology were identified, in which the data were systematized and then the textual body of these studies was constructed. Final considerations: It is observed that the municipality of Magalhães Barata/PA, should create stricter laws regarding the disposal of Urban Solid Waste – MSW. Thus, with the use of digital technology and environmental education for citizens, they would be economically viable actions that can contribute to the mitigation of an environmentally appropriate final disposal of MSW generation.

Association of laser therapy and acupuncture in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease in a canine: Case report

2024-09-18T14:43:58-03:00

Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) in dogs is a common condition in veterinary medicine that affects the spine and can lead to spinal cord compression. The intervertebral discs, whose purpose is to cushion shocks and allow mobility, can suffer degeneration, leading to protrusion or extrusion of the disc material and consequent spinal cord compression. Chondrodystrophic breeds, such as Dachshund and French Bulldog, are more predisposed. Clinical signs include pain, ataxia, and in severe cases, paralysis and loss of sensation. Diagnosis involves clinical history, physical and neurological examination and images such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Treatment can be surgical or conservative. The objective of this study was to report the case of a French Bulldog dog, 2 years old and weighing 15 kg, diagnosed with IVDD, who opted for conservative treatment with laser therapy and acupuncture. These therapies aim to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and stimulate tissue and sensory regeneration. After four months of weekly treatment, the dog showed significant improvement, reducing symptoms and maintaining stable mobility. This case exemplifies the effectiveness of conservative treatment through integrative medicine for IVDD, highlighting the importance of choosing therapies based on the animal's clinical status and the conditions of the owners.

Management of chronic infectious and chronic degenerative endometritis in mares: A narrative review of the literature

2024-10-01T07:36:03-03:00

Endometritis is one of the main causes of infertility in mares and is characterized by inflammation of the uterine endometrium, usually caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus zooepidemicus and Escherichia coli or by fungi. The aim of this study is to review the management of chronic infectious and degenerative endometritis in mares, addressing the pathogens involved, diagnostic methods, treatments and new therapies. The methodology used involved a narrative review of the literature, searching databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Scielo, as well as regulations from organizations such as the OIE. The results highlight the complexity of chronic endometritis, which can be infectious, caused by bacteria and fungi, or degenerative, as in chronic endometriosis, which affects fertility irreversibly. Diagnosis is made using bacterial culture, cytology and biopsy of the uterus. Treatment includes the use of antibiotics and antifungals, as well as uterine washings to remove secretions. Recently, alternative therapies, such as immunomodulators and probiotics, have been studied to combat antimicrobial resistance and improve the local immune response. Endometritis represents a significant challenge in equine reproduction, especially in chronic cases. Integrating traditional treatments with innovative approaches can improve the chances of reproductive success, but more studies are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of these therapies.

Canine food hypersensitivity: A narrative review of the literature

2024-10-03T08:35:12-03:00

Food hypersensitivity in dogs is an immune-mediated condition that causes adverse reactions to certain allergens present in the diet, and is one of the main dermatopathies seen in pets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of food hypersensitivity in dogs. The methodology involved a narrative review of the literature, based on scientific articles available in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Scielo, focusing on terms such as food allergies and allergic dermatopathies. The results indicate that the condition is mainly manifested by non-seasonal pruritus, erythema, otitis and, in some cases, gastrointestinal symptoms. Diagnosis is made through exclusion diets, which are followed by provocation diets to identify specific allergens. Treatment is based on excluding the allergens detected, using commercial or homemade hypoallergenic diets, which requires the strict cooperation of the owner and veterinary supervision. Although it is an incurable condition, the prognosis is generally positive if allergens are avoided. The study concludes that, despite the difficulties in diagnosis and long-term management, proper diet control and the elimination of allergens provide a significant improvement in the quality of life of dogs.

A huge risk of Dengue outbreaks after 2024 autumn flooding in Southern Brazil

2024-09-18T07:14:22-03:00

The international press recently reported floods in the southern Brazil, specifically in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), during May 2024. These floods caused significant economic losses, affecting the agriculture, industry, and commerce sectors, and displacing thousands of people who lost their homes. A total of 540,188 families were displaced, as 471 of the 497 cities in the state were affected by the storms - equivalent to 94.77% of the total. In addition, floods also provide new breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which consequently increases outbreaks for Dengue virus. This arbovirus causes one of the most human concerning arthropod-borne diseases globally. This work presents an analysis of the Dengue situation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and lists the cases of this disease after the floods in the city of Porto Alegre, combining official data, meteorological information and scientific knowledge on the subject. In 2023 1,649,144 Dengue infection were reported, with 1,179 deaths. Comparatively, in 2024, the numbers reached to 6,148,161 with 4,207 deaths by the 25rd week, i.e., by the end of June. In this context, the RS has a 12.66% fatality rate for severe cases, the second highest in the country. Thus, it is crucial to prepare health systems for proper screening and follow-up of potential future patients resulting from the floods. Prevention campaigns and efforts to combat the spread of the Ae. aegypti mosquito urgently need to be mobilized through various communication channels by the government, reaching households, with priority given to those located in high-risk areas, especially the recently flooded regions.

Availability of phosphorus in the soil in weeks under diferente sources

2024-10-07T07:56:42-03:00

The objective of this work was to evaluate the availability of phosphorus for corn over 8 weeks in the 10-20 cm layer of soil. The experiment was conducted on a rural property in Paraguaçu/MG, where the soil was prepared and corn (Híbrido Brevant B2401PWU) was sown on 03/02/2024, with the application of three different sources of phosphorus: Fosbio^®BR24, Fosfato natural, and Mono Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), in addition to two controls (with and without corn). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications and a 3x2 factorial arrangement. Soil analyzes occurred weekly, with 10 subsamples per plot. The presence of corn had a variable impact on P availability, depending on the source used. Fosfato natural was more affected by the presence of corn, while Fosbio^®BR and MAP maintained more constant P levels. Fosbio^®BR and MAP were effective in maintaining P availability, regardless of the presence of corn, indicating that they are reliable sources of P for the soil. On the other hand, Fosfato natural was more sensitive to soil conditions and the presence of corn. Fluctuations in P availability suggest that the dynamics of phosphorus release are influenced by several factors, such as the type of fertilizer, the presence of crops and possibly other environmental conditions, and it is important to consider the interaction between the phosphorus source and the crop at hand. plan soil fertilization, as the appropriate choice of fertilizer can significantly influence the availability of essential nutrients, such as phosphorus, over time.

Therapeutic-intensive approaches in the neonatal triad in small animals: A literature review

2024-10-10T20:10:10-03:00

The neonatal phase of dogs and cats is critical due to the immaturity of the organic systems, making neonates susceptible to the neonatal triad (hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and dehydration). Understanding physiology allows for the early detection of complications that can be fatal if not promptly treated. Objective: To describe the therapeutic management of the neonatal triad and updates, given its high mortality rate. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted using the databases Google Scholar and Scielo, utilizing keywords such as "neonatal triad," "hypothermia," "hypoglycemia," and "dehydration" in veterinary neonatology. Articles published between 2000 and 2023 were included, covering clinical trials, observational studies, and specialized books in small animal medical practice. Results: Effective practices include maintaining body temperature with warmed fluids (35-37ºC) and incubators (29.4-35ºC and humidity 50-65%). Hydration should be administered at doses of 4 mL/100 g for dogs and 2-3 mL/100 g for cats, either in boluses every 30 minutes or through continuous infusion (0.5 mL/100 g/h). The correction of hypoglycemia involves bolus administration of 25% glucose (1 mL/100 g), followed by continuous infusion with 2.5-5% glucose. Conclusion: Early management of temperature, glycemia, and dehydration, including immune safety, nutrition, and guidance for caregivers, is essential to reduce mortality and improve the health of neonates.

Reticulum Traumatic Pericarditis

2024-09-29T16:28:17-03:00

Traumatic reticulopericarditis typically arises from injury and perforation of the reticulum caused by the ingestion of foreign objects. These objects may be present in the animal's feed and can detach from tractor tires or from the coverings used for silage. This condition can inflict significant damage on the animal, potentially leading to various other infections and diseases, resulting in economic losses for the owners. This report aims to present a case of traumatic reticulopericarditis. Given the progression of the illness, the treatment administered was ineffective, and the animal was euthanized. The subsequent necropsy provided a definitive diagnosis, revealing macroscopic changes and a sharp object in the heart, indicative of traumatic reticulopericarditis. Due to its challenging nature to diagnose, this pathology is often only recognized when the animal is in an advanced stage of symptoms, with necropsy being the most common method for confirmation. It is crucial for professionals to share their experiences regarding this issue to foster advancements in evidence production and to disseminate preventive measures that enhance management practices and reduce the incidence of the disease.

Chemical characterization, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and rheological behavior of stingless bee honey collected in the state of Bahia

2024-10-10T08:23:35-03:00

The present study was developed with the aim of evaluating and determining the physicochemical characteristics, the content of bioactive compounds, the antioxidant activity and the rheological behavior of samples of honey from stingless bees, collected in the State of Bahia, three of the samples being from the species Melipona quadrifasciata (Mandaçaia), one Tetragonisca angustula (Jataí) and one from Melipona scutellaris (Uruçu nordestina). The results of the physical-chemical analyses obtained were a variation of 3.08 to 4.36 for pH, 17.52 to 132.22 meq.kg-¹ for acidity, 64.08 to 80.42% for total soluble solids, 53.97 to 66.69% for reducing sugars, 1.41 to 13.82% for apparent sucrose, 17.80 to 34.13% for moisture, 0.31 to 3.16% for ash, as well as values of 12.05 to 26.52 mg.kg-¹ for hydroxymethylfurfural among the five honey samples. Regarding the bioactive compounds, levels of 9.90 to 24.20 mg EAG.100g-¹ were found for total phenolic compounds, 5.80 to 14.20 mg.100g-¹ for total chlorophyll, 0.03 to 0.20 mg.100g-¹ for total anthocyanins, 0.11 to 0.23 mg.100g-¹ for yellow flavonoids and 3.64 to 6.75 mg.100g-¹ for vitamin C. The honeys presented antioxidant capacity of 17.50 to 62.64%. In the rheological analysis, a Newtonian fluid behavior with constant viscosity was observed for all the samples studied. Therefore, more research is needed to investigate the properties of honey from stingless bees in different biomes and national legislation that addresses the quality parameters of honey from meliponines, respecting their particularities, since the parameters established by national bodies and institutions refer only to honey from Apis melífera.

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pets: A narrative review of the literature and its implications for Public Health

2024-10-01T07:36:08-03:00

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a growing concern in animal and human health, affecting the effective treatment of bacterial infections. This study aims to review the impact of AMR in companion animals, particularly dogs and cats, and its implications for public health. The methodology used involved a narrative literature review, searching databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scielo, as well as documents from international organizations such as the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The results indicate that the inappropriate use of antibiotics in veterinary clinics has promoted the selection of resistant bacterial strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, which pose risks to both animal and human health. In addition, the proximity between pets and humans facilitates the transmission of resistant microorganisms. The treatment of AMR requires an integrated One Health approach, which considers the interconnections between animal, human and environmental health. Control strategies, such as the rational use of antibiotics, the development of infection control programs in veterinary hospitals and the continuous education of veterinarians, are essential to mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The research suggests the need for more studies into alternative therapies, such as the use of probiotics and vaccines, to prevent infections and reduce dependence on antimicrobials.

Quality and labeling of honey sold at markets in the Northern Coast of Rio Grande do Sul

2024-10-01T13:12:21-03:00

The state of Rio Grande do Sul stands out nationally in beekeeping production, with farmers' markets being one of the main channels for distribution and trade of this product, allowing direct sales to consumers. However, it is known that honey is one of the most adulterated foods in the world. The objective of the study was to evaluate the compliance of honey sold at Farmers' Markets in the Northern Coast of Rio Grande do Sul. Physical-chemical parameters were assessed, such as moisture content, Water Insoluble Solids, and the presence of starch or dextrins using the Lugol Test. A labeling analysis was also conducted. A total of 51 samples from 9 markets in 5 municipalities in the region were evaluated. All honeys were considered genuine according to the Lugol Test. However, only 35% met the standard for moisture content (maximum 20%), and 90% were in compliance with the Water Insoluble Solids standard. Only 25.49% of the samples passed all the physical-chemical parameters analyzed. Regarding labeling, less than half of the samples (49%) had labels and met all requirements, such as product origin, food safety, and nutritional information. The Consumer Service item was absent from all samples, and the list of ingredients appeared in only one-third of the samples. It was concluded that although no adulteration of honey was detected, most did not meet all the required quality and labeling standards. Greater control and inspection are necessary to offer consumers a quality and reliable product.

Impacts of brucellosis on the reproduction of dairy cattle

2024-10-10T08:23:36-03:00

Brucellosis is a zoonotic reproductive disease caused by Brucella abortus, which is controlled in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Bovine/Bubal Tuberculosis (PNCEBT). It manifests itself primarily through abortions, generally from the 5th month of pregnancy and the birth of weak calves. The method used in this study was bibliographic review. To carry out this research, a survey of articles found on Google Scholar, SciELO, among others, was carried out. With the aim of addressing the stage of sexual maturity in heifers, as well as the need to keep cattle vaccinations up to date to avoid diseases such as brucellosis. In Brazil, where the disease is endemic, the PNCEBT aims to reduce the prevalence through vaccination and property certification. This provides economic and health benefits, protects human and animal health and strengthens the country's livestock sector.

Phosophorus availability curve in the soil

2024-10-06T07:21:19-03:00

The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of different sources of phosphorus in the development of corn (Brevant Hybrid B2401PWU) in soil previously cultivated with pastures in the municipality of Paraguaço/MG. The design was in randomized blocks with a 3x2 factorial scheme, considering three sources of phosphorus (Fosbio^®BR, Fosfato natural, Mono Ammonium Phosphate - MAP) and a control, with and without the presence of corn. The soil was prepared and the plots, measuring 4 m², received different treatments to increase the phosphorus content to 15 mg/dm³. Corn was sown in March 2024, and phosphorus sources were applied shortly after. Soil analysis was performed weekly, using 10 subsamples per plot to assess phosphorus availability over eight weeks. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The results indicated that Fosbio^®BR presented the highest average values of phosphorus availability, especially in weeks 2 and 3, suggesting a controlled release of the nutrient, favoring corn development. Fosfato natural showed a rapid initial release of phosphorus, followed by a sharp decrease, which indicates lower efficiency over time. MAP showed a moderate and stable release of phosphorus, while controls maintained low levels of nutrient availability, as expected. It should be noted that although Fosbio^® has given good results, the dosage is large to apply and this can be an operational and cost complication.

Biofilms of lactic bacteria on wooden drawings as a potential food bioconservation system

2024-09-16T10:46:30-03:00

Low-cost and safe food preservation has been a major challenge for the food industry and consumers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the formation of biofilms of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) in wooden vats and their potential for food biopreservation. Wooden vats were used to test biofilm formation of inoculated lactic acid bacteria, monitoring the increase in acidity of the preservative solution and collecting samples of biofilms formed on the walls of the wooden vats to evaluate the lactic acid bacteria count. Studies were carried out to evaluate the potential for inhibiting pathogens, using the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. The wooden vats allowed the growth of lactic acid bacteria and proved to be an efficient system for the formation of biofilms. Furthermore, the growth of lactic acid bacteria in this system satisfactorily inhibited the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria.

Impact of the creation of the Sports Secretary on the municipal sports development index and access to public sports facilities and equipment in the city of Recife

2024-09-27T07:18:44-03:00

This study aimed to analyze and compare the impact of the establishment of the Secretariat of Sports over the course of the administration from 2021 to 2024, using the Cultural Development and Access Index (IDAC) as the primary evaluation indicator. The investigation employed a quantitative methodological design, divided into data collection from the administrations (from 2013 to 2020 and from 2021 to 2024), calculation of the absolute and relative IDAC of both, and statistical analysis for comparison. The data were subjected to a Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and Levene's test for homogeneity of variances. An independent t-test was used to compare the values. The analyses were conducted using JASP 16.2 software, adopting a significance level (p<0.05). Comparing the data over four years, an increase in the number of sports facilities was observed, from 164 to 395, while the population served decreased from 1,537,704 to 1,488,920 inhabitants. The total relative IDAC increased from 47% to 57%, indicating a more equitable distribution of sports facilities across the six Political-Administrative Regions (RPAs) of the city. It was concluded that the creation of the Municipal Secretariat of Sports was significant in improving access to sports in Recife, especially in areas previously lacking in sports infrastructure.

Statistics of intentional lethal violent crimes in the state of Pará (2018 – 2022)

2024-09-22T07:21:33-03:00

The objective of this research was to analyze the indicators of violent crime in the state of Pará by surveying the Intentional Lethal Violent Crimes (ILVC) that occurred between 2018 and 2022. The research is quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive. The database analyzed is from the Adjunct Secretariat for Intelligence and Criminal Analysis and consists of the following variables: homicide, robbery resulting in death, and bodily injury resulting in death. The results showed that, out of a total of 14,116 crimes recorded during the period, homicide was the most frequent offense, with a rate of 94.40%, followed by robbery resulting in death (4.53%) and bodily injury resulting in death (1.07%). Observing the rates of Intentional Lethal Violent Crimes in comparison with the percentage of cases relative to the previous year, over the study period, for homicide and robbery resulting in death, there was an average annual decrease of -10.24% and -15.10%, respectively. In contrast, the number of crimes involving bodily injury resulting in death saw an annual increase of 5.68%. It is concluded that the reduction in violent crime indicators in the state of Pará during the period from 2018 to 2022 directly reflected the preservation of thousands of lives in the region due to the reduction of lethal violent deaths and provided a greater sense of security.

Strategic planning of technological innovation and the competitiveness of small Mexican enterprises

2024-08-12T16:48:58-03:00

The process of technological innovation and its strategic planning (TISP) is a complex subject that small enterprises must tackle to achieve effective competitiveness (BC). Both subjects have several factors and actions that more of the small Mexican enterprises do not consider so they have low competitiveness. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the TISP and the Competitiveness of SMEs (BC), through the hypothetic-deductive method with a correlation scope, with the analysis of some factors such as the definition and composition of its technological platform, actions of change in it; the generation of capacities, their investment capacity, the agile response to environmental changes, and the analysis of the market and competitors, for the study variables. Throw a research instrument applied to 40 businesses in empirical research we find a 0.904 correlation factor so we propose a model that exhibits the variables and dimensions selected in this research.

Impact of an Educational Campaign on Reducing Food Waste in a Food and Nutrition Unit (FNU) in the Municipality of Alfenas – Minas Gerais

2024-09-17T09:55:28-03:00

The objective of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of an awareness campaign in reducing food waste in a Food and Nutrition Unit (UAN) in the municipality of Alfenas, in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The per capita waste percentage was investigated before and after the campaign's implementation at the UAN. Initially, food waste was significant, with high levels of plate and tray waste, especially on days with less accepted menus. After the campaign, there was a notable reduction in waste, highlighting the positive impact of educational initiatives on consumer behavior change. The results indicate that menu adjustments and strict portion control are essential to minimize waste. It is concluded that educational campaigns and efficient management are crucial for long-term reduction of food waste in UANs, promoting sustainable eating practices and greater responsibility in consumption.

Accounting expertise in judicial proceedings

2024-09-23T14:47:11-03:00

The expert accounting is the instrument of verification that helps the judge in ascertaining facts to the equity, with the purpose of a correct and legitimate judgment. When performing an accounting inspection, it is necessary to consider the effects that the same causes to those involved, in order to be fair and honest, and even though, in several occasions, the judge's decision is guided by the accountant's work. In this context, the general objective of the work is to understand how the performance of the accounting expertise helps in solving the demands of legal proceedings, and the specific objectives are: to describe the performance of experts in the processes; present practices of an expert's performance in a labor process; point out contributions to the assistance of lawsuits from the perspective of a labor accounting expertise. To achieve the objectives proposed in the study, a bibliographic review was used, with its main sources being books and scientific articles by authors who focused on the topic. In addition, a descriptive research was used, in order to describe the characteristics of a phenomenon. Therefore, this study shows that the greater the effectiveness of expert work procedures, the greater the added value of the expertise to the court decision.

Quality of information disclosed: Effects of corporate governance and the audit committee

2024-09-24T16:38:15-03:00

This research aims to analyze the effect of corporate governance and the Audit Committee, on disclosing the quality of information of publicly traded companies listed on [B]3, with financial information in the reference form and in the Economática database ® for the years 2014 to 2023. Study is based on qualitative disclosure of information and corporate governance, combined with the Audit Committee based on disclosure and stakeholder theories and audit committee analysis. The research is descriptive, quantitative, documentary, with the population being companies listed on [B]3 S.A., made up of 400 companies. To compose the sample, 320 publicly traded companies were selected with information on the constructs raised. The results showed that there are significant statistical differences with the presence of the Audit Committee and companies with external audits conducted by the big four, which favors the quality of the information that is disclosed, compared to companies that are not audited by them. In the results it was possible to verify that more profitable companies have greater commitment to disclosures and, therefore, are more likely and committed to the responsibility of disclosing information. The research contributes to the understanding that, in Brazil, the majority of companies have highly concentrated ownership, the pressure exerted by controlling shareholders may be reducing the positive impact of corporate governance practices.

Evaluation of a low-cost system for flow measurement

2024-10-07T07:56:41-03:00

The relationship between pressure, velocity and position relative to a fluid in free flow is debited by the Bernoulli equation. Despite its restrictions, this theorem has applicability in the practical teaching of fluid mechanics through the free jet experiment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the applicability of an adaptation to the model made in the laboratory, using a pet bottle and a YF-S201 flow sensor, together with an Arduino UNO board. The leakage of the flow was made through the experimental calculation and the results obtained by the sensor when the water reached an equilibrium height in the bottle. Eighteen height and flow values were collected. The experimental rate found for the height of 15.6 cm (2.06 L / min) was the closest to the value marked on the sensor, 2.01 L / min. The greatest divergence of data occurred for heights below 6.2 cm. This was attributed to the low precision of the YF-S201 sensor and for small heights the error produced was higher. However, the collected data were acceptable, given that standard dissipation of 0.54 L/min. Thus, the adapted flow measurement model can be implemented in remote teaching of engineering disciplines.

A physical-chemical and theoretical-practical analysis of icebergs

2024-09-19T11:16:40-03:00

This research aims to present a theoretical-practical discussion about icebergs through a simple experimental design, with low-cost materials, exemplified by the system consisting of an ice cube inserted into a glass of drinking water. We sought to verify the effects of water temperature and solution concentration on the melting process, to then correlate with external conditions that could or could not favor the melting of icebergs. To achieve the proposed objective, ice cubes were removed from the freezer and then inserted into containers that contained liquid water at different temperatures. The second experimental design involved inserting the cube into solutions with different concentrations of sodium chloride, the results of which were compared to those of drinking water. Comparative analysis indicated that reducing the temperature of the water to which the ice was added increased the time required to complete melting. On the other hand, when the temperature was maintained, it was evident that the addition of sodium chloride increased the necessary time interval. The importance of developing this work is highlighted, since the analysis of the results will be able to answer questions about everyday facts related to floating blocks of ice.

Machine learning and vision neural networks in autonomous vehicles for the aging population: A scoping review protocol

2024-09-23T08:38:52-03:00

This scoping review aims to systematically map the current body of literature on the role of Machine Learning (ML) and Vision Neural Networks (VNN) in enhancing the usability and accessibility of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) for elderly and disabled users. While AV technology has advanced significantly in recent years, the solutions of how these technologies can address the unique challenges faced by these vulnerable populations still in an undeveloped or underdeveloped stage. For example, cognitive decline, physical limitations, and lower trust in automated systems. The review will investigate how ML and VNN contribute to improving safety, usability, accessibility, and trust in AVs, focusing on studies published between 2020 and 2024. A comprehensive search will be conducted across four major databases, which are PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The language of targeting peer-reviewed empirical studies and reviews must be written in English. Data will be extracted using a standardized form and synthesized through a descriptive analytical framework to identify key themes, trends, and gaps in the literature. The findings will offer valuable insights into how AV technologies can be further optimized for elderly and disabled users. It will guide future research and informing the development of more inclusive, safe, and trustworthy AV systems. Therefore, they can promote greater mobility and independence for these populations.