Research, Society and Development

Cassava hydrolysates used as substrates for the production of second-generation ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602 immobilized in sodium alginate spheres

2024-03-13T06:05:10-03:00

Cassava has a prominent position in the Brazilian agriculture and economy. During the production of flour, a very large volume of residue is generated. One way to use these residues is through the production of ethanol. In this context, the present research aimed to use cassava residues as raw material for ethanol production. For this, sulfuric acid was used at concentrations of 1.0 to 5.0% during 5, 10 and 15 minutes of heating in an autoclave. The fermentation was carried out by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602, and to achieve a better performance, it was immobilized in sodium alginate spheres. Ethanol production was also estimated using a synthetic medium added with glucose that served as a comparison standard. The results of the experiment showed that the highest concentration of reducing sugars obtained by the hydrolysis of the residue was with the use of 2.0% of H₂SO₄ with 15 min. heating at 121 ºC, releasing 56.26 g/L of reducing sugars. The parameters used that led to the highest production of ethanol by the yeast, 7.85 g/L of ethanol, were: pH of 6.5, growth temperature of 30 °C, without agitation. The results showed that cassava residues can be used as a potential substrate for ethanol production. Thus, this work presents data on the most suitable conditions for the use of these industrial wastes in order to generate less polluting fuel energy, an increasingly attractive feature in a world where economic and environmental concerns grow every day.

Costs of implementing and managing cut sunflower in an organic planting system in the Municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul, State of Paraná (PR), Brazil

2024-02-24T08:01:07-03:00

The flower market is constantly expanding in Brazil, demanding more and more quality in the products sold. The cultivation of ornamental cut sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is included in the categories of expanding flowers in the country and its organic cultivation is a possibility of generating income, but there are few studies on its economic aspects Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the main technical coefficients and costs of implementing and managing 0.5 hectares of cut sunflower in an organic production system in Laranjeiras do Sul/PR. Thus, the study was divided into three distinct stages. The first was carried out through bibliographical research, aiming to outline the aspects of planting cut sunflowers in an organic plantation, highlighting their processes and needs. The second stage of the research refers to carrying out the installation of an experiment with the aim of validating the proposed study. Finally, the third stage refers to the determinations of the main technical coefficients and their costs. The summary of the cost results for the implementation and management of 0.5 hectare of sunflower for ornamental cutting in an organic system in the region of Laranjeiras do Sul were R$: 190,757.40, with the largest expenses being related to inputs (97, 71%), then referring to mechanized operations (1.31%), manual operations (0.92%) and finally with other inputs representing 0.05%. The most significant components of the cost were inputs, which added up to greater values in the experiment installation process.

Ecosystem importance of roots: A literature review

2024-02-22T13:54:22-03:00

Fine roots are all those with a diameter ≤2 mm. These roots are responsible for a significant portion of the primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, being important for providing resources to the soil microbial community and for influencing the cycling of carbon and nutrients. Despite their recognized importance, fine roots are commonly neglected in plant biomass studies. Root biomass studies are generally limited throughout the world, mainly due to the methodological complexity involved in the analytical processes. The objective of this work was to carry out a review of studies on the topic of roots, addressing the development of technologies in the analytical process and the importance of this dynamic biomass component in ecosystem processes related to carbon cycling and soil nutrients. We emphasize here the importance and need for new scientific research that seeks to develop methods of analysis, as well as to estimate the underground primary productivity, especially that of fine roots, so that the processes involved in the cycling of carbon and nutrients are better elucidated.

Review of literature on methods and processes to produce bioethanol from banana peels for disinfection and sanitation of the environment in communities, central region of Mozambique

2024-01-22T15:54:43-03:00

The demand for alcohol for human health and as an energy resource has attracted the attention of many researchers who have identified accessible and sustainable raw materials for bioethanol production at low cost and with reduced environmental impact. Among the variety of raw material for bioethanol, most come from agricultural and livestock products, in this case banana peel. The feedstock should not disequilibria food safety and should be sourced with adequate efficiency without involving too many complex procedures. Thus, the present research, through a literature review, seeks to discuss efficient methods and procedures to produce bioethanol from banana peels as agricultural waste, for application as a disinfectant of products, in human health and as energy source for households, in the context of rural areas. Many studies point to banana peels as an alternative feedstock for bioethanol production, however communities in Mozambique despite having this resource in abundance, still do not explore systematically in maximum efficiency due to the culture issues and anthropogenic knowledge. The results to maximize the efficiency are among control of production parameters, alkaline pretreatment with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), saccharification in a plastic reservoir with less than 10% of Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) for hydrolysis, enzymatic fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distillation at controlled temperatures from 80 up to 120 ⁰C.

Correction of congenital extrahepatic multiple portosystemic shunt using cellophane banding in a dog: Case report

2024-03-10T17:16:50-03:00

Portosystemic shunt (PSS) or portosystemic diversion (PSD) is the most common hepatic circulatory anomaly in dogs. This condition results from an abnormal connection between the portal and systemic circulations, diverting blood flow from the liver to varying degrees. These shunts can be extrahepatic (EPSS), located outside the hepatic parenchyma, or intrahepatic (IPSS), within the hepatic parenchyma. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard diagnostic tool for detecting PSS. Clinical signs of congenital extrahepatic PSS include symptoms related to the central nervous, gastrointestinal, and urinary systems. The only definitive treatment for PSS is surgical intervention or interventional occlusion of the anomalous vessel.A female canine of mixed breed, presenting with low body weight and brittle coat, was attended to at a private clinic in Brasília-DF. Serial examinations and abdominal CT scans were performed, suggesting a possible shunt between the left gastric vein and the portal and caudal vena cava veins. The animal underwent surgery to correct three shunts using the cellophane banding technique. This report aims to describe a case of surgical correction of congenital multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in a female mixed-breed dog using cellophane banding. The methodology employed was a descriptive observational study, in the form of a case report.The findings of this article suggest that the definitive correction of this anomaly is surgical, with cellophane banding being a promising approach in the treatment of dogs affected by PSS.

Evaluation of different spacings in the vegetative and productive development of okra

2024-03-08T06:34:08-03:00

Okra is a vegetable of great nutritional value, and its culinary versatility, as well as its adaptability to different climatic conditions, make it an interesting option for vegetable crops. However, aspects related to its development and management still require further study to allow for increases in productivity. Cultivation under different spacing can interfere with the emission of lateral branches, thus altering its production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different row spacings on the vegetative development and production of the 'Santa Cruz 47' okra cultivar. A randomized block design was used, with five different row spacings (0.80; 0.90; 1.00; 1.10; and 1.20 m). It was observed that higher plant density reduced the number of productive stems and, consequently, resulted in a lower number of fruits per plant. However, this higher density provided the highest productivities, suggesting the importance of proper spacing to optimize okra production. These results provide valuable insights for farmers and researchers interested in maximizing the yield of this vegetable.

Production of ornamental pepper on different substrates and pot sizes

2024-03-05T10:34:26-03:00

Floriculture stands as a significant contributor to job creation and income generation in Brazil. In this context, ornamental pepper cultivars emerge as a compelling option due to their versatility in being cultivated and marketed in pots. Within this framework, the objective was to assess the impact of different substrates and pot sizes on the production of potted ornamental pepper plants in Chapecó-SC. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, employing a randomized block design in a 3x3 factorial scheme (pot sizes and substrate types), with 4 replications. Seeds of the Stromboli cultivar and three pot sizes were utilized: N° 13 (725 mL), N° 14 (1 L), and N° 15 (1.16L). The substrates employed were Carolina Soil^®, Mecplant^® and Garden Plus^®. Assessments encompassed plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, leaf area, number of fruits per plant, fruit size, dry plant mass, and ornamental quality. The obtained results underwent analysis of variance, and mean comparisons were conducted through the Tukey test (p<0.05). The findings indicate interference due to the distinct compositions, physical, and chemical characteristics of the substrates, as well as the varied pot sizes used, underscoring the superiority of the Garden Plus^® substrate. Pot sizes V13 and V14 exhibited prominence for the analyzed variables. These promising outcomes stem from the potential for cultivation in smaller pots, enhancing production system efficiency and consequently increasing overall profitability.

Morphology of açaí palm (Euterpe spp) interspecific hybrids from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Eastern Amazon

2024-03-03T06:40:24-03:00

The aim of this word was to evaluate açaí palm accessions that are interspecific hybrids between E. oleracea Mart and E. precatoria Mart, with a view to obtaining information on their complementarity and/or superiority in relation to their parents, to subsidize the genetic improvement program. Were evaluated 48 plants from two hybrid accessions for 31 morphological traits: six of which were plant traits, seven inflorescence traits, seven bunch traits and eleven fruit. Preliminary analyses were obtained by testing means and their performances were compared with the H1 and H2 hybrids. For the plant characters, maternal predominance was evident, with a multi-stem type stem, but with a reduction in the number of stipes per plant, long internodes and a greater number of leaves. As for the inflorescence, cluster and fruit characters, this also showed maternal dominance, but with a reduction in the yield of fruit per cluster and the weight of one hundred fruits, the latter being paternally expressed. They also had lower fruit and seed weight, as well as a violet color in the edible part, suggesting a higher anthocyanin content, like the male parent. Some plants from these accessions showed that all three-ovary locules had fertilized. It can be considered that the interspecific hybrid accessions of Euterp palm have a predominance of the maternal character. This information will be useful for supporting new actions in the genetic improvement of the Euterp palm.

Eradication measures and products that inhibit in vitro mycelial growth of the fungus Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, the etiological agent of pitaya canker

2024-03-26T07:37:24-03:00

The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent of the circular necrotic lesion present in cladodes and pitaya fruits, to test in vitro different products with potential fungicidal effect and to evaluate the effect of different eradicating products on infected pruned cladodes. Fruits and cladodes with symptoms of pitaya canker were analyzed using a magnifying glass and microscope. Isolation in PDA and inoculation was also carried out in healthy cladodes to observe symptoms. The isolated fungus was placed to grow in PDA culture medium previously mixed with the products; Castor oil, Prevam, Biometal copper, Kellus immune, Primecur, Kaumin, Bombardeiro, Serenade, Bordamil, Dithane, Bravonil, Mertin, Rovral, Sumilex, Mythos, Cantus, Fluazinam Nortox, Comet, Cercobin, Forum, Socre Flex, Cabrio Top, Orkestra, Opera, Nativo, Fusion, Tridium, Priori Xtra and Evolution. The products were applied to infected cladodes; Quaternary ammonia, Fortalece, Bordamil, Calda sulfocaucica all in concentrations of 5% and control with the objective of observing sporulation, spore germination and decomposition time. Pitaya cladodes and fruits presented stem canker caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. The products; Prevam, Bordamil, Dithane, Mertin, Rovral, Sumilex, Fluazinam Nortox, Comet, Socre Flex, Cabrio Top, Orkestra, Opera, Nativo, Fusion, Tridium, Priori Xtra and Evolution at the doses tested completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the N. dimidiatum fungus. The products; Bordamil^®, Sulfocaucic solution, Quaternary Ammonia and Fortalece^® in concentrations of 5% accelerated the decomposition of the treated cladode and reduced the formation and germination of N. dimidiatum conidia.

Pilot-scale composting for organic solid waste generating solid and liquid biofertilizers and bedding material

2024-03-04T06:28:29-03:00

This investigation aimed to develop and execute a pilot-scale project for an organic solid waste composting yard. To this end, three types of composting windrows (n=3) — specifically, without soil waterproofing and with waterproofing with canvas or masonry — were constructed, and wet household solid waste (RSDU) and public waste (RPU) were disposed of in them. The humidity, nitrogen, and TOC data were 48±3% and 89±3%; 0.93±0.04% and 1.01±0.05%; and 45.3±4.7% and 52.84±0.04% for RSDU and RPU, respectively. The core temperature values in the stacks were similar at different sampling times. A pilot composting yard was implemented at the University of Sorocaba, proving the feasibility of adequately disposing of part of the solid waste generated on the Campus. Despite the composting time and temperature being similar in the three types of windrows, windrows with a masonry structure showed an advantage in capturing liquid biofertilizer. In maintaining the moisture content in the windrows, irrigation with water was unnecessary due to the temperatures of the composting process, promoting the release of water from the waste. Establishing the periodicity of windrow aeration proved essential in promoting the composting process. Furthermore, it was observed that even the low frequency of changes carried out to maintain the oxygenation of the medium was sufficient to maintain the ideal temperature and humidity for the microbiota until the compost maturation phase.

Preliminary experiments on potential use of blue monochromatic light for identification of cashew diseases

2024-03-14T10:33:30-03:00

Cashew is a valuable crop for the world due to its nutritional, environmental, and economic qualities. However, it is challenged by abiotic and abiotic constraints such as diseases that cause significant yield losses. Various disease diagnostic and management strategies have been developed over time. But their adequacy is bound to a complex of advantages and disadvantages depending on host/pathogen relationships. Thus, the objective of this article was to describe a new approach that distinguishes cashew diseases by light at 405 nm. Symptomatic tissues were, under aseptia, prepared for pathogen culturing and morpho cultural identification of the pathogen(s) associated. By inoculation and incubation of pathogens, disease symptoms were reproduced on cashew seedlings. Later, symptomatic tissues were then cut macerated in a 1/1(weight/water) extraction and allowed to precipitate at 4 ^oC. The supernatant was submitted to absorbance reading in a monochromatic beam of 405 nm. Sole extraction water and sole healthy tissue extracts were also considered. Three experiments with different treatments were conducted. Absorbance data were then processed statistically following a completely randomized design in which treatments consisted of individual plant/pathogen(s) extracts. The biotrophic pathogen O. anacardii resulted in the highest absorbance. However, it reduced in association with the necrotrophic pathogen Cryptosporipsis spp. No significant differences were discovered between the two necrotrophic pathogens Cryptosporipsis spp. and Septoria spp. The method demonstrated high potential for diagnosis of cashew diseases. Future research must focus on adjustable wavelength spectrophotometry and standardization. The method can be recommended for direct identification of field disease samples.

Evaluation of factors related to th1-th2 immunomodulation in ovine co-infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Haemonchus contortus

2023-12-15T10:28:03-03:00

Caseous lymphadenitis (CL), whose agent Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is responsible for developing an infectious process in sheep and goats, with consequent economic losses to the production chain. The Northeastern states have the highest number of prevalence cases, due to having the largest herds of small ruminants in the country. As with the bacterial infection of CL, parasites, such as that caused by Haemonchus contortus, also generate economic losses in sheep farming. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulatory molecules of the immune system. Some miRNAs produced during infection by intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for example, can negatively regulate the production of cytokines such as interferon-γ, thus increasing the pathogen's resistance to defense mechanisms. To evaluate serum levels of miRNAs and correlate with the Th1 response in sheep experimentally infected with C. pseudotuberculosis and its co-infection with the helminth H. contortus, an experimental study was carried out with fourteen sheep divided into three groups: control, infected and co-infected, where a serological test for LC, IFN-γ assay and quantification of microRNAs were carried out. Stool samples were performed with stool cultures and fecal parasitology (OPG). In the group of co-infected animals, an increase in IgG antibody titers was observed, and IFN-γ remained lower in the infected and co-infected groups when compared to the control group, thus demonstrating a possible modulation of the immune response by microRNAs expressed in these groups, indicating that a modulation of the immunological response occurs.

Multivariate data analysis for semen quality in two frog species

2024-03-07T06:34:17-03:00

Despite the growing body of research on frog reproduction and semen quality, studies employing statistical methods and analyses are scarce. The present study aimed to examine the use of exploratory multivariate data analysis for evaluating the seminal quality of frogs, determining a possible hierarchy among frog species based on semen characteristics, and identifying the most effective clustering strategy. Data on the seminal quality of the butter frog (Leptodactylus ocellatus, native specie) were collected from seven samples, and for the bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus, exotic specie), five samples were used, all derived from a literature review. Four distinct clustering strategies were tested: Single Linkage, Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), Complete Linkage, and Ward’s method. Exploratory multivariate data analysis could effectively evaluate frog seminal quality, allowing the classification of frog species (both native and exotic) based on semen. Among the tested strategies, UPGMA emerged as the most suitable grouping method.

Overcoming seed dormancy and initial seedling growth of umbu tree in the submedium São Francisco

2024-02-29T16:10:25-03:00

The umbu tree is an endemic species of the Brazilian semi-arid region, capable of surviving and producing under conditions of low rainfall. Its seeds exhibit dormancy, which needs to be overcome to achieve rapid and uniform emergence. The aim was to analyze techniques for overcoming dormancy in umbu tree seeds that can increase the percentage and reduce the time of emergence, and to analyze the initial development of seedlings. The umbu fruits were harvested ripe in Casa Nova/BA, depulped, the seeds were dried in the shade, and stored in a cardboard box for approximately seven months. The treatments were: control, distal cut, distal cut plus immersion in water for 24h, distal cut plus immersion in GA₃ 1000µL.L^-1 for 24h, immersion of seeds without cut in water for 24h, immersion of seeds without cut in Gibberellic Acid (GA₃) 1000µL.L^-1 for 24h, and seeds that passed through the digestive tract of ruminants. Seedlings began to emerge 11 days after planting seeds that were treated with distal cut and immersion in water for 24h, distal cut and immersion in GA₃ for 24h, and those that passed through the digestive tract of ruminants. Control seeds and those immersed in water and GA₃ for 24h showed the highest rates of emergence speed and emergence percentage, exceeding 90%. For seedling development index and average emergence time, there was no difference between treatments. Therefore, seeds stored for seven months can emerge without undergoing any treatment, and the distal cut anticipates emergence.

Granted as a management instrument for the use of water resources in the Baixo Teles Pires river basin

2024-03-08T13:16:07-03:00

Located in a region of broad geoenvironmental diversity, the lower Teles Pires river basin is undergoing transformations in territorial occupation driven by economic development. This highlights the importance of the need to monitor these changes. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct an investigation of water uses in the basin region by quantifying the concessions granted for the capture of surface and underground water. A consultation was carried out in databases in the Geoportal system of the State Secretariat for the Environment (SEMA/MT), as well as in the National Water Resources System (SNIRH), of the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency (ANA), with the objective of quantifying and classifying surface and underground concessions according to their use. It was found that the majority of surface catchment permits in the basin area were issued for irrigation, basic sanitation and public supply, corresponding to 37% of use each. As for underground grants, it was found that 36% were issued for human consumption. However, the considerable difficulty in accessing the water resources information system became evidente.

Selection of colored plastic-mulching films for the production of mini-tomatoes in the field

2024-02-29T16:10:26-03:00

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three plastic-mulching films of different colors in the cultivation of mini-tomato in the field. Two experiments were carried out: the first being sown in the summer and the second in the winter. Mini-tomatoes plants with distinct growing habit (determinate and indeterminate) were used and three plastic-mulching film color (black, black/silver, black/white) compared to control (uncovered soil) were tested. The design was in randomized blocks, 2x4 factorial schemes, with four repetitions. Soil temperature, productivity performance and quality of mini-tomatoes were determined. The plastic-mulching films increase the average soil temperature according to the color used. In summer, although small, the black/silver film improves the productive capacity of the mini-tomato with determined growth habit; however, none affects the total soluble solids content. In winter, the black plastic-mulching film favored the soluble solids content of both genotypes and the productivity of the indeterminate. The black plastic-mulching film is suggested as soil cover to produce mini-tomatoes in field conditions during the winter. In summer, low fruit yield quality can makes this technique unfeasible under field conditions.

Social, economic and productive profile of family farmers in the semi-arid of Ceará

2024-03-09T07:08:45-03:00

Family farming is of vital concern to the economy of the state of Ceará. Being responsible for the supply of food for the local market, sustainability and profitability of the family producer, it can be highlighted as one of the fastest growing sectors in food production and raising animals, stimulating the socioeconomic development of small regions, through the generation of jobs and income distribution. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the social, economic and productive profile of family farming in the semi-arid state of Ceará. A quantitative study was held, based on the application of a questionnaire through interviews. The study was carried out in communities and settlements, in family-type units, dedicated to animal production. Fifty-seven interviews were recorded in the cities of Umirim and Tururu, in Ceará. The results showed that 53% of the interviewees correspond to the male sex. In addition, cattle was the main profitable activity, being developed by 56.2% of the producers, followed by the agricultural activity, practiced by 43.8% of the interviewees. The data showed the productive diversity of the properties, with emphasis on the sale of milk (10.5%), beef (28%), pork (35%) and vegetables (16%) for local trade. However, 35.1% of producers do not have their own. In this context, family farming has a close relationship with the promotion of the economy, but also of subsistence, making it possible to conclude that family farming needs strategies for the development of rural activities.

Hall Technique for the management of hypomineralized first permanent molars: A protocol of a randomized controlled trial with 3-year follow-up

2024-02-19T07:08:16-03:00

The aim of this clinical protocol is to describe the methodology for the evaluation of the clinical performance of Hall Technique (HT) in comparison with glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations in first permanent molars (FPM) severely affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). This protocol is related to a two-arm, parallel group, controlled and randomized superiority trial. It will be included 92 participants, 6 to 12 years-old, presenting at least one FPM with post-eruptive enamel breakdown and/or atypical caries and/or unsatisfactory atypical restoration involving cusp and extending to at least two tooth surfaces. Two trained and calibrated dentists will select the participants and assess the outcomes. Eight experienced clinicians who work as dentists at the public oral health system will be trained to perform the interventions. The participants will be randomized into the test (HT) or the control group (GIC). The outcomes will be assessed every 6 months up to 3 years. The primary outcome is the survival rate of the restorations. Secondary outcomes include satisfaction of the participants, parents, and dentists; impact on oral heath related quality of life; self-reported discomfort during treatment; signs/symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction; and cost-effectiveness. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis will be used to analyze the primary outcome. Mann-Whitney or t-test will be used to compare the secondary outcomes between groups. We expect to provide scientific evidence about the treatment approach that maximizes success rates and minimizes retreatments in severe HMI.

Innovations in anesthesia: Advances and ethical considerations

2024-03-08T13:16:07-03:00

Understanding how these innovations are shaping the practice of anesthesiology and how emerging ethical issues are being addressed is critical to ensuring that patients receive the highest standards of care and that healthcare professionals are prepared to deal with the contemporary challenges they face. This research aims to contribute to the development of guidelines and policies that promote ethical and safe practices in anesthesiology, while driving innovation and progress in the field. A systematic review of the literature was carried out, through a survey of data in scientific databases: LILACS, PUBMED, SCIELO, VHL and Web of Science. The introduction of new techniques, such as ultrasonic guided regional anesthesia, has demonstrated significant benefits in reducing postoperative pain and improving patients' functional recovery. Additionally, advances in anesthetic medications, such as short-acting volatile anesthetic agents and alternative opioids, are providing safer and more effective therapeutic options. These innovations are redefining standards of anesthesia care, enabling more individualized and less invasive approaches. However, it is crucial to examine the ethical implications of these innovations in clinical practice. A central ethical consideration is the need to ensure patients' informed consent to new techniques and therapeutic options available.

Adverse effects resulting from polychemical therapy treatment of tuberculosis in patients with and without HIV: An integrative review

2024-03-03T15:14:55-03:00

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial pathology whose basic treatment is available free of charge in the Unified Health System (SUS) and uses four medications: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Additionally, infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) increases the chance of developing TB; In this context, the combination of medications together with overlapping side effects can have an impact on quality of life and adherence to treatment. Therefore, this integrative review aimed to compare the adverse effects associated with tuberculosis treatment in patients with HIV co-infection and patients without HIV, being an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, with data from studies published between 2018 and 2023, using the terms ( DeCS/MeSH): “Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions”; “Tuberculosis”; “HIV”. After carrying out the search, 16 works were selected. It was noticed that, for the most part, the adverse effects are mild, so that gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting and pain were the most prevalent. Regarding serious issues, hepatotoxicity stood out. In patients with TB HIV co-infection, liver changes were the most common, being the group most susceptible to the development of toxic levels. Therefore, the approach to tuberculosis treatment should not be limited only to the effectiveness of the therapeutic regimen, it also requires special care regarding adverse effects and individual factors, especially in patients co-infected with HIV, aiming to maintain a balance between quality of life and success in combating the disease.

Implications of COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological behavior of dengue cases reported on the municipality of Cascavel-PR: A cross-sectional analisys

2024-03-05T15:01:06-03:00

Dengue is a disease whose main symptoms are high fever, headache, myalgia, malaise, sweating and, in more serious cases, severe bleeding. Its transmission occurs through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in four types of strains (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4). Tropical countries are those that suffer most from the dengue virus, because the climatic conditions in these countries help to prevent the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In classic cases, treatment is carried out with analgesics, antipyretics and hydration. If it develops into dengue hemorrhagic fever, the patient must be observed and identify the first signs of shock. This article aimed to elucidate the impacts of the new Coronavirus Pandemic on Dengue public health processes in the municipality of Cascavel-PR. This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, where data from the Diseases of Notification (SINAN) about Dengue in the municipality of Cascavel-PR, considering several variables in the pre-pandemic and trans-pandemic periods. Through the results it was possible to observe that in the years 2020 and 2022 there was an endemic of the disease in the municipal sphere, in addition at the beginning of the Pandemic (2020) the number of cases reported with blank variables increased, in addition there were prominent clinical diagnoses - epidemiological, this was due to the failure to carry out elective laboratory tests during the pandemic period.

Analysis of the follow-up time of patients who presented COVID-19 in the pneumology outpatient clinic of a secondary hospital in the Federal District

2024-03-21T10:23:54-03:00

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 which presents a variable but potentially serious clinical picture in some individuals. Many of these required long periods of hospitalization and continued to have sequelae even after discharge. Among them, pulmonary diseases can be mentioned, requiring specialized follow-up. The follow-up time after discharge became the object of this study. Objective: To identify, through data collection from the pulmonology outpatient clinic, the follow-up time after medical discharge from both the medical clinic ward and the emergency room of a secondary hospital, within the group of patients who presented severe cases of COVID-19. Methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study in which epidemiological and clinical data were analyzed through electronic medical records attended at the pulmonology outpatient clinic of a secondary hospital who met the study's eligibility criteria. Results: 57 patients were analyzed, the majority of whom were female, with a mean age of 56.65 years. All the patients were referred for outpatient follow-up and 91.23% were followed up. The average length of outpatient follow-up was 27.29 weeks. Conclusion: A longer follow-up period was observed for these patients, most of whom did not present long-term sequelae.

Relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and sleep quality: A cross-sectional study

2024-03-20T13:23:17-03:00

Aim: To evaluate the potential effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the perception of sleep quality among various categories of vaccinated individuals, as well as among unvaccinated individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive approach was used, targeting participants of both genders who completed an online form on Google pertaining to sociodemographic information, sleep quality, vaccination status, and other factors related to quality of life. Inclusion criteria involved participants over 18 years of age who consented to the Informed Consent Form. The study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of UEPB, with the CAAE number: 57982422.1.0000.5187. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation matrix. Results: The sample consisted of 96 adults, ranging from 19 to 66 years old, with most participants being female, accounting for 77.1% of the sample. Regarding the effects of vaccination on sleep, a high homogeneity in the data was observed, with no correlation found between vaccine doses and sleep quality. Additionally, concerning the feeling of tranquility and relaxation after vaccine administration, 13.5% reported feeling so after the first dose, 28.1% after the second dose, 22.9% after the third dose, and 43.8% claimed not to notice any difference. The research indicated that 60.4% of participants reported an improvement in quality-of-life post-vaccination. Final Considerations: These results underscore the importance of disseminating the benefits of vaccination that extend beyond immunization, positively influencing not only physical well-being but also psychological and social well-being, key components of quality of life.

Surgical treatment of gingival pigmentation versus laser: Efficacy, aesthetic and functional outcomes

2024-03-08T06:34:07-03:00

This study aimed to investigate the approaches and outcomes of surgical treatment of gingival pigmentation compared to laser treatment, aiming to understand the efficacy and aesthetic and functional outcomes associated with these procedures. It is an integrative review that included studies with primary data published between January 2015 and November 2023, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages, excluding case reports, abstracts and editorials. The descriptors/keywords used were: "Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes"; "Gingival Dyschromia"; "Gingival Pigmentation"; "Laser Treatment"; "Surgical Interventions". The databases ScienceDirect, PubMed and SciELO were selected. After applying the eligibility criteria, 113 studies were identified in the databases, and 6 were selected to compose the final sample of this review. The selected studies aimed to evaluate gingival depigmentation techniques, such as surgery with scalpel, injection of vitamin C, and application of Nd: YAG, diode and Er,Cr: YSGG lasers. By investigating the approaches and outcomes of surgical treatment of gingival pigmentation compared to laser treatment, it was found that the results obtained from the various studies analyzed provide a comprehensive overview of the current scenario of these interventions, providing important information for clinical practice, such as versatility in treatment, patient comfort and effectiveness in healing.

Digital tools for preventing care-related infections in intensive care units: Integrative review

2024-02-29T07:13:02-03:00

The study aimed to map digital tools with collective interventions and potential guidelines and limitations in preventing infections related to care in intensive care units. This is an integrative review of the literature, to survey the articles in the literature, a search was carried out in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health and Nursing Database in the period from April to May 2022. Inclusion criteria: articles published in Portuguese and English, in the years 2011 to 2021, available free of charge and in full. Articles that did not have a well-defined research design were excluded. 1,666 articles were found, after defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 305 articles remained, of which ten articles were included in the search. The use of applications is very common among health services and helps organize data, enabling access to information in real time and/or remotely. It is worth mentioning that the development methods of these technologies are complex, involving a mix of instructional, systematized, contextualized and user-centered design. The present study, given the literature found and the evidence presented, shows the importance of technologies in the critical environment in terms of preventing infections, as well as the relevance of constantly updating and building technologies that promote the prevention and optimization of diseases in the process of work.

Frenotomy in a newborn: Clinical case report

2023-11-23T16:58:28-03:00

Ankyloglossia, or alteration of the lingual frenulum, is a congenital anomaly in which a small portion of tissue that should have undergone apoptosis during embryonic development remains present on the sublingual surface. The aim of this study was to report a clinical case of the diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia in a newborn who underwent frenotomy. The methodology used was the Clinical Case Report, supported by a review of the literature related to the case to provide the theoretical basis. Case report: A newborn female patient, seen by the multidisciplinary team in the maternity ward, was referred to the pediatric dentist 30 days after birth, for evaluation of the lingual frenulum "tongue test", and was diagnosed with ankyloglossia, submitted to lingual frenotomy and then breastfed. He responded well to post-surgery and gained weight as a result of being able to breastfeed properly. We conclude that the importance of diagnosing and treating these newborns is essential, since ankyloglossia can cause various problems, such as difficulties in breastfeeding, speech disorders, poor oral hygiene and bullying during childhood and adolescence.

Factors associated with self-care among black college students

2024-03-03T15:24:44-03:00

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with self-care among black university students at a public university in the interior of Bahia. Method: It is a cross-sectional study with primary data collection carried out with 227 pedagogy students who self-identify as black. The instruments used in data collection were: a about profile sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire that addresses issues relating to health behavior and the Nola Pender health promotion scale. Results: The following associations were evident: university students who said they eat better are those who take the most care of their health, according to the scale (p=0046); and those who exercise more take more care of their health when compared to those who exercise less (p= 0.006). Conclusion: It was possible to infer that black university students, despite their busy routine, have understood the importance of self-care by adopting practices that are beneficial to their health.

Assistance to adolescents in school outpatient clinics in light of Jean Watson's Theory

2024-03-18T18:48:01-03:00

Objective: To report the experience of providing care to adolescents in the nursing outpatient clinic of a Federal Institute of Santa Catarina based on Jean Watson's transpersonal care model. Method: consists of an experience report. The period of experience experienced by the first researcher took place during the second semester of 2023. The context of the study has 370 students enrolled in high school, aged between 15 and 17 years old, who remain at the institution full-time from Monday to Friday -fair. The experience was developed in two stages: in the first, the construction of the model was based on the Clinical Caritas Process developed by Watson, based on the main complaints presented by the adolescents and the application of the care model by the nurse during the care provided to the adolescents in the outpatient clinic. of nursing. Results: The care model was implemented during the nursing consultation, in approximately 78 adolescents who fell into the health problems listed, which provided a systematized approach, meeting health needs, in addition to directing the professional regarding the guidelines provided for minimize reported health problems, as well as referring adolescents to psychological and psychiatric support services. Final considerations: The application of the care model aims at the completeness and well-being of the adolescents served, promoting humanized care and systematization of care and directing nurses regarding psychosocial guidance and referral.

Impact on the mental health of trans young people after hormonal transition therapy

2024-02-27T06:28:06-03:00

Introduction: The transgender person does not identify with the biological sex designated at birth. This lack of identification ends up causing anxious, depressive episodes and suicidal ideations. In this context, hormone transition therapy makes it possible to obtain characteristics of the desired gender. Objectives: To understand the impacts of hormonal therapies on the mental health of trans young people, elucidating whether there is a post-transition benefit in this scenario. Methodology: This review considered 14 articles found in PUBMED and 6 found in Google Scholar from the descriptors (transgender); (hormonal therapy) and (mental health). Studies dating back more than 5 years; incomplete texts; languages other than English or Portuguese and articles that did not concomitantly contemplate mental health and transgender were excluded. Discussion/Results: The study population was transgender women and men between 9 and 25 years old. The analysis time was from 3 months to 5 years. Among the articles, 12 agreed that access to hormone therapy is associated with improvements in quality of life and reduction in depression rates and an article suggests that there was no clinically significant change in mood symptoms, given the limitation of the population in study. Some articles portrayed the need to expand access to hormone therapy. Conclusion: Hormone therapy was associated with better quality of life and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms, probably due to identification with acquired physical characteristics. However, it is necessary to track diseases before, during and after the hormonal transition.

Creation of a mobile application prototype for post hemodialysis monitoring

2023-12-07T08:29:32-03:00

Hemodialysis (HD) is called a method that uses filtration, diffusion and ultrafiltration with the aim of removing toxins present in the bloodstream due to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Chronic Renal Failure (CRF). In this way, technologies assume a role of change, bringing scientific and technological knowledge to solve problems that arise in different care sectors. This innovation will directly influence the diagnoses, treatment and prognosis of the individuals involved, generating cost reduction, assistance from professionals and effectiveness of care. The present study aimed to build a prototype mobile application for monitoring patients in home care after hemodialysis. Therefore, the guiding research question is: How will a prototype mobile application enable continued monitoring of kidney patients? This application prototype was built based on reflection on the complications that affect the patient after hemodialysis at home, thus aiming to build a tool that would assist in the health-disease process. This prototype consists of 12 screens, divided between its functionalities, Login, Registration, Main Menu, Nearby Hospitals, 24-Hour Teleconsultation, My Medical Record, Vital Data, Help Desk.

orthern Sports: Rethinking new ways to play through Mirimbol and Contrataque

2024-03-24T15:32:44-03:00

Created in the municipality of Igarapé-Miri, in the interior of Pará, Mirimbol and Contrataque are the focus of this investigation. The objective was to analyze the knowledge of elementary school students regarding these two modalities in Santana, Amapá. The study was carried out with an exploratory and descriptive nature, with a sample of 200 students. In data collection, a questionnaire was used to verify the students' knowledge regarding the modalities researched. It was found in the results that in the reality investigated, little is known about these sports and they are still confused with game content. Most participants are unaware of the technical, historical aspects and specific characteristics of the two modalities investigated. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider regionalities in studies of this nature because it reveals the peculiarities of the national reality and the contribution of these sports, diversifying the content offered to students.

Bioethics and convenience euthanasia of dogs and cats

2024-03-15T14:15:42-03:00

The objective was to discuss the justifications for performing euthanasia for convenience, of domestic dogs and cats, according to normative and bioethical approaches. Euthanasia for convenience is that performed without the animal presenting a clinical condition that would justify such a procedure. Is the one that occurs due to financial issues, changes in personal circumstances, little time for the care of the animal, feeling of incapacity or unwillingness to take care of the animal. The increase in procedures that have been made available in veterinary medicine leads to the impasse of very high treatment costs. In Brazil, it must be considered that because there are, in the human area, expensive treatments financially supported by the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), or Health Insurance, the population is left without reference to the values of health procedures. The performance of euthanasia is a determinant contributor to the risk of suicide and psychological distress in veterinarians. It is noteworthy that culture and religion can significantly influence attitudes towards euthanasia and death. Therefore, whether from a value (ethics) or religious point of view, veterinarians and owners may not agree with the practice of euthanasia and this must be respected. The convenience euthanasia of dogs and cats is a topic for bioethics to address, as it involves interests and commitments inherent to the animal, the tutor/owner and the veterinarian. In Brazil, euthanasia for convenience is not normatively supported and, bioethically, it is little discussed.

Health profile of pediatric hospitalization for epilepsy in Brazil in the period between 2012 and 2022

2024-02-26T06:40:55-03:00

Objective: To evaluate the health profile of pediatric hospitalizations for epilepsy in the years 2012 to 2022. Methodology: Descriptive ecological study, using a time-series design, based on data available in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS), obtained through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (Datasus). Results: The analyzed data between 2012 and 2022 revealed 231,450 epilepsy-related hospitalizations in Brazil, with the majority occurring in the Southeast region, followed by the Northeast, South, Midwest, and North regions. The most affected age group was 1 to 4 years, with a majority of male and mixed-race patients. The majority of hospitalizations were of an urgent nature, with an average length of stay of 4.9 days. Elective hospitalizations had a higher average length of stay, surpassing the overall average. During the study period, there were 1254 deaths related to pediatric epilepsy hospitalizations, with the majority of deaths occurring during urgent hospitalizations. Conclusions: Epilepsy primarily affects children in developing countries, causing abnormal brain electrical discharges capable of impairing development and quality of life. Investigations and studies, particularly in children, are essential for effective diagnostic, treatment, and support strategies aimed at controlling and preventing the disease, mitigating its impact on society.

Post-COVID-19 anxietydisorder: A literature review

2023-06-01T09:06:30-03:00

Introduction: Anxiety Disorder is a recurrent condition that impairs the psychosocial functioning of sufferers. Its symptoms are negative thoughts with which to come associated with receiving risky situations, with tension or discomfort arising from the anticipation of danger, of something unknown or strange. Anxiety Disorder was even more prevalent in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, since the COVID-19 infection may be able to develop the disease crises. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out in the databases indexed in Google Scholar and the Virtual Health Library (BVS), using as inclusion criteria articles published from 2009 to 2022, in English and Portuguese, and as criteria for exclusion, duplicate articles and those unrelated to the topic Results and discussion: There were several factors associated with the worsening or development of Panic Disord er due to COVID-19 infection, whose clinical importance is linked to the profile of the patient treated. The main risk factors for this development studied were: Younger age of the patient, need for hospitalization in the ward and Intensive Care Unit associated with family isolation, severity of symptoms, lack of knowledge of the disease, and abandonment of treatment for an anxiety disorder already diagnosed . Conclusion: The worsening or increase in the frequency of anxiety disorder crises occurred significantly more in two moments: during and after the period of active infection by COVID-19, having risk factors that have not yet been well elucidated by the current literature.

Updates on acute diverticulitis: Epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical aspects

2024-02-25T07:02:33-03:00

Introduction: Acute diverticulitis is a prevalent condition that arises from the formation of diverticula in the intestinal colon, and their presence can be asymptomatic or symptomatic, and may or may not become inflamed throughout life. Therefore, the objective of this work is to discuss and present the most recent information about acute diverticulitis. Methodology: This is an integrative review about acute diverticulitis and its related aspects. Data from the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library of Medicine (SciELO) and National Library of Medicine (PubMed) databases were used, by crossing the descriptors “diverticulitis”, “abdominal pain”, “epidemiology” and “physiology” to answer the question formulated through the PICO strategy. Results and Discussion: It is estimated that more than 50% and more than 60% of people aged 60 and 80, respectively, have diverticula in the colon, however, despite the relationship with age, young people have an increasing prevalence of acute diverticulitis. The mechanism behind the formation of diverticula is not specifically known and treatment is not yet standardized, with one of the main discussions being the use of antibiotics in uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. It is known that the clinical presentation of the uncomplicated acute form includes left abdominal pain, fever and malaise, leukocytosis may appear and, in case of complications, patients may develop perforation, peritonitis and other conditions. Conclusion: In view of the above, it is necessary to make people aware of the risk factors, as well as to produce larger studies so that a treatment can be defined and better standardized.

Epidemiological survey of two patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the city of Parnaíba

2024-03-18T06:56:07-03:00

Objective: to carry out a comprehensive epidemiological survey of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the city of Parnaíba. We sought to analyze and understand the incidence, demographic distribution and risk factors associated with these surgical interventions, aiming to contribute to the improvement of clinical practices and local health policies. Methodology: The research was conducted through a comprehensive literature review, considering previous studies on cardiovascular surgeries, cardiovascular epidemiology and health indicators. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out from Datasus, using information compiled from hospital records. Results: The results include a detailed description of the incidence of cardiovascular surgeries in the region, highlighting demographic characteristics, such as age group and gender. It also identified possible predominant risk factors and their relationship between cardiovascular surgeries and underlying health conditions. The literature review provided broad context, while Datasus data added a specific local perspective. Conclusion: the conclusions of this study provide support for improving health policies aimed at prevention, early diagnosis and effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Parnaíba. Furthermore, this epidemiological survey contributes to the development of strategies aimed at specific risk groups, promoting improved quality of life and reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases in the studied community.

Effect of antiseptic solutions on wound healing: Integrative review

2024-02-28T13:33:48-03:00

Introduction: The existence of a wound causes physical discomfort for a person, changes in this individual's life in all areas can be caused by the appearance of an injury, creating difficulties in accepting their self-image. Therefore, a very important moment when applying a dressing is the choice of products that will be used to clean the wound, as they directly influence the healing process of the injury. The application of substances in different situations seems to highlight the need to systematize the real technical-scientific understanding of the action of antiseptics, their indications and contraindications. Objective: To investigate the action of different antiseptic solutions on wound healing. Method: this is an integrative review, developed between August and October 2023. Results: 8 articles were analyzed, 1 study dealing with the action of sodium hypochlorite in chronic wounds, 2 addressing the action of chlorhexidine gluconate in concerns toxicity and implications in the healing process, 1 demonstrating the effect of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine, 1 presenting the action of 70% ethanol, chlorhexidine gluconate, sodium hypochlorite, povidone-iodine and polyhexanide, 1 bringing implications of polyhexamethylene biguanide in healing and, for Finally, 2 studies reporting the action of povidone-iodine. Conclusion: The use of antiseptics on wounds demands technical-scientific knowledge. There is a greater number of experiments carried out in controlled environments, and in a way, it is important to further investigate the action of antiseptics on individuals who, in fact, have a wound.

Perspectives and limitations of the unique therapeutic project at a UBS in Brusque, Santa Catarina: An experience report

2024-03-22T07:56:48-03:00

Introduction: The Singular Therapeutic Project (PTS), as defined by the National Humanization Policy Booklet of the Ministry of Health (2007), consists of a set of articulated therapeutic conduct proposals, applicable both individually and in a collective context. Objective: The present study aims to report the construction of the PTS for a patient assisted by the Primary Care network team, highlighting the strategies used and the results achieved. Methodology This project is a descriptive, observational study, with a qualitative approach, of the experience report type, carried out from April 2022 to August 2023, in a Basic Health Unit in Brusque. The elaboration methodology proposed by the National Humanization Policy Booklet of the Ministry of Health (2007) was followed, from which the PTS was constructed based on the recognition of the problem and the structuring of an intervention plan. Conclusion: The construction and application of the PTS resulted in significant improvements in the participant's quality of life, especially by replacing insulin syringes with the application pen, simplifying their daily use. Furthermore, the experience demonstrated the success of the PTS in addressing and embracing the problems identified by the participant and their family, highlighting the effectiveness of this individualized treatment method in clinical practice.

Influence of biopsychosocial factors on development of premature and full-term babies

2024-03-14T14:24:59-03:00

The complete gestation period can vary between 37 and 42 weeks. A baby is considered extremely premature when born at less than 28 weeks of gestation, very premature between 28 and 32 weeks, and moderately to late premature when born between 32 and 36 weeks. The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between the neuropsychomotor development of preterm and full-term babies and biopsychosocial aspects. The method is an integrative literature review. With the results of the first table, it is possible to observe that 9 articles were detailed, covering three categories of analysis: social factors, psychological factors, and biological factors, which can interfere with the development of preterm and full-term newborns. With the results of the second table, 8 articles were analyzed, identifying three categories of analysis: care for the puerperal woman, care for the preterm newborn in a hospital environment, and care for the full-term newborn. These categories can influence the elaboration of the nursing care process for both preterm and full-term babies and mothers. Therefore, the importance of future research is highlighted, which can demonstrate the results obtained, through interviews with nurses, physicians and other health professionals who provide care to premature and full-term babies.

Profile of patient safety incident notifications in a hospital institution

2024-03-15T06:43:13-03:00

To analyze the profile of security incidents reported in a hospital institution in Mato Grosso. This is a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective research, based on Patient Safety incident notification forms from a hospital institution. Between October 2021 and December 2022, 2,157 notifications were made from the researched hospital, of which 486 were related to patient safety. It was observed that the sector with the highest prevalence of patient safety incident episodes were the Support Sectors for inpatient units. According to the characterization of the types of incidents, the Adverse Event appears in a greater number of notifications, then the Incident without damage. In relation to the Patient Safety Goals, there was a prevalence of Goal 3 - “Safe use of high-alert medications. From the results obtained in this study, it was evident that the majority of notifications made in the hospital institution researched do not correspond to patient safety incidents, requiring the application of knowledge in Patient Safety and expansion of the Patient Safety Culture . It is suggested that new research be developed on this topic, in order to identify the relationship between educational activities and error notifications in the hospital context. Thus, incident notification is considered to be a fundamental quality tool, as it allows improving healthcare assistance.

Bone evaluation of dental implants: Linear distances measured through cone beam computed tomography

2024-02-23T06:12:48-03:00

The aim of this study was to evaluate by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), the relationship of dental implants with the noble structures. The peri-implant bone “volume” in vertical and horizontal linear measurements in the maxilla and mandible, the peri-implant linear measurements in the cervical, middle and apical thirds and the peri-implant linear bone measurements in the buccal and lingual surfaces. Using the i-CAT Vision program, 66 perimplant regions were evaluated in 24 patients in a private dental radiology service. Parasagittal images with 1:1 mm were used in the distance measurements between implants and noble structures and measures of the buccal and lingual bone volume at cervical, middle and apical thirds. The mandible showed a significant difference in the pattern established in the literature compared with the maxilla in relation to the distance of implants to the noble structures (p ≤ 0.05). The mandible showed significant difference concerning to a higher perimplant bone volume compared to the maxilla (p ≤ 0.05). The middle and apical thirds of the implants showed a higher percentage of perimplant bone volume with 59.1% (average third) and 74.2% (apical), whereas the buccal implants had the highest percentage out of the standard (78.8%). It was concluded that the distance of dental implants to noble structures proposed in the literature was respected in most assessments performed, maxilla showed low amount of perimplant bone tissue compared with the mandible; the cervical third of dental implants tested showed fewer perimplant bone tissue and buccal faces showed lower amount of bone tissue than the lingual faces.

Botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid: Use and indications in the treatment of rejuvenation

2024-02-27T06:28:02-03:00

The search for aesthetic procedures for facial improvements has grown considerably in recent years and the population's concern with maintaining beauty and delaying skin aging has given a great boost to advanced aesthetics. One of the most sought after procedures has been filling with Botulinum Toxin (TB) and Hyaluronic Acid (HA). The importance of studying this topic is that it has great relevance today due to the fact that the number of aesthetic procedures with of facial harmonization has increased. From this perspective, the increasingly frequent search for aesthetic procedures is emphasized, with the aim of achieving the desired results, more easily and through less invasive procedures that meet the patient's desires and needs. Therefore, the trained professional must have knowledge of risk zones for injectables for the purpose of, in-depth knowledge of the neuromuscular, arterial and venous anatomy (such as branches of the carotid artery, areas with extensive vascular anastomoses) and recognize signs and symptoms of complications, management for their prevention and treatment.

Duloxetine: An update

2024-03-09T16:03:20-03:00

Duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), has established itself as a versatile therapeutic agent across a spectrum of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The objective of this article is to update the pharmacological properties of duloxetine. To this end, a review was carried out on the pharmacology, clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of duloxetine, focusing on its application in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and musculoskeletal pain. chronic. Comparative analyzes highlight the relative effectiveness of duloxetine versus other antidepressants and its unique advantage in managing conditions with overlapping mood and pain symptoms. Safety profiles and pharmacological interactions, particularly with NSAIDs and tamoxifen, highlight the importance of personalized treatment plans and vigilant monitoring. The review concludes with an assessment of the clinical utility of duloxetine, emphasizing individual patient assessment to maximize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing risks. Future research directions are suggested to further delineate the role of duloxetine in treatment algorithms and explore potential new indications.

Impact of sleep deprivation on memory and learning

2024-02-14T14:41:49-03:00

Sleep is understood as a natural process of reduction of the body's response to external stimuli, associated with the loss of consciousness, which is useful for several functions. However, there is currently an increase in the number of individuals who do not achieve a good sleep routine, which can be attributed to an increase in exposure to factors that hinder the achievement of adequate time and quality of sleep, leading to various impacts that affect cognitive health and the processes of knowledge acquisition and consolidation. Thus, it aims to clarify the mechanisms associated with sleep deprivation and its repercussions on memory and learning. It is a literature review based on the analysis of scientific articles published from 2012 to 2022, in PubMed and Science Direct, in which the key words "sleep deprivation" AND "memory" AND "learning" were used. It was verified that sleep deprivation can impair several cognitive and affective functions, such as reduced attention, psychomotor vigilance and increased variability in behavioral responses. In relation to memory processing, the decrease of the quantity and the quality sleep time can affect the ability to retain new information and make individuals more prone to develop false memories. Therefore, realizing the fundamental role of sleep in several functions of the human body, highlighting the consolidation of memory and learning, understand the various unfavorable impacts that a reduction in the number and quality of hours of sleep can have.

Aggravation of social inequities in times of pandemic: Systematic review

2024-02-20T06:33:39-03:00

Objective: To analyze social inequities in Brazil during a health emergency. Methodology: This is a systematic review that searched for studies in the respective databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Data Base, using descriptors in English, selected from the Medical Subject Headings- MeSH. Immediately after cataloguing, the studies were analyzed using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and the study sample consisted of eight articles. Results: International data reinforces that around 77% of the global population lives in families that lost income during the pandemic and that black and Hispanic individuals are more likely. In Brazil, in its respective regions, critical scenarios were noticed, such as, for example, in the north and northeast regions, the lack of goods and intensive care, excessive bureaucracy in the regulation of beds, delaying the acquisition of new beds, low coverage of the sewage service. Conclusion: Social inequities are evident as a reflection of a country's health, social and economic policies.

Botulinum toxin in the treatment of patients with temporomandibular dysfunction and headache: A scope review

2024-02-20T06:33:56-03:00

Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and headaches are challenging health issues and represent the second cause of chronic facial pain in the world population. They present convergence in treatment, with botulinum toxin being a second-line resource for refractory cases. With the aim of mapping information on the topic, this scoping review was carried out using the elements of the PCC acronym to formulate the question: “What has been produced in the literature about the use of botulinum toxin A in patients with TMD and headache refractory to initial therapy?”. The population was defined by patients with TMD and headaches; in the concept, botulinum toxin A was used in the context of patients refractory to treatment. The databases used were: Pubmed, LILACS, Cochrane and gray literature. Two researchers, blindly, used the Rayyan reference manager to judge the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the articles. Varied study designs were included, without restrictions on language or year of publication. Disagreements were resolved by a third evaluator. The articles selected for reading went on to data extraction. The studies did not present uniformity in their designs and there was no consensus on the results. Pain improvement was observed in more than 80% of the studies, while the increase in mouth opening was the data that presented the most controversial results. Quality of life analysis remained an unexplored gap.

Incidence of cesarean section by maternal desire before and after the State Law nº 20.127 in the 10th Health Region of Paraná

2024-03-02T06:45:06-03:00

Introduction: Cesarean section rates continue to grow unstoppably due to sociocultural, ethical, bioethical, medical and political factors, but when performed indiscriminately it can generate negative consequences for the maternal-fetal binomial. State Law No. 20,127/2020 of Paraná or Law on cesarean section at maternal request, makes it possible for pregnant women in the SUS, even without clinical indications, to opt for an elective cesarean section. Objective: Quantify the incidence of elective cesarean sections and cesarean sections on request before and after the sanction of the Law in the 10th Health Region of the State of Paraná. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study model, with a quantitative approach and based on documentary analysis. Results: It is shown that in 2019, births through the SUS totaled 5,026, of which 61.1% were vaginal births and 37.9% were cesarean sections due to medical indication. In relation to the year 2023, the year in which the Law was already in force, births through the SUS totaled 5,021, corresponding to 51.5% vaginal births and 48.5% cesarean sections, 23.2% of which were elective cesarean births due to desire maternal. Conclusion: Despite the increase in cesarean birth rates being a global trend, State Law No. 20,127/2020 of Paraná contributes to this growing disorder that puts the maternal-fetal binomial at risk. Therefore, more studies on the topic are needed with longitudinal analyzes and other variables such as long-term complications from excessive cesarean sections.

Hospital mortality due to ischemic stroke in the city of Bacabal - MA between 2010 and 2021: Epidemiological study

2024-01-10T06:29:18-03:00

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Bacabal – MA city, stroke also has a significant impact on Public Health, which urges the needed for preventive actions in the region. Aimes: analyze hospital mortality due ischemic stroke in Bacabal - MA city between 2010 and 2021, as well as to discuss the risk factors, treatment and prognosis of this pathology. Methodology: A secondary database study was carried out in PROADESS on the percentage of hospital deaths among hospitalizations of patients aged 45 years or older with a length of stay of up to 30 days, due to ischemic stroke, per 100 hospitalizations, by occurrence place, between 2010 and 2021. Results: The analysis revealed trends with obvious variations in mortality over these years. Demographic characteristics, such as the most susceptible age group, and comorbidities were frequently associated with fatal outcomes, as well as limitations in treatment and prognosis. Conclusion: understanding the problem in Bacabal - MA, as a basis for targeted Public Health strategies, can help in the allocation of medical resources and the implementation of preventive measures.

Hypnosis as an approach to control pain and anxiety in knee pain: A multiple case report

2024-01-21T19:15:04-03:00

This scientific study explores the efficacy of hypnosis as a therapeutic intervention for managing both pain and anxiety associated with knee pain. The research adopts a multiple case study design, investigating the experiences of individuals suffering from knee pain who underwent hypnosis sessions. The study aims to assess the impact of hypnosis on pain perception, anxiety levels, and overall quality of life in a diverse sample of participants. Methodological rigor is maintained through the use of standardized pain and anxiety assessment tools, longitudinal data collection, and qualitative interviews. Preliminary findings indicate a promising reduction in both pain and anxiety, suggesting the potential of hypnosis as a complementary approach in the multidimensional management of knee pain. The implications of these results for clinical practice and future research avenues are discussed, emphasizing the need for further exploration of hypnosis as a viable therapeutic option in pain and anxiety management.

Epidemiological profile of SARS-CoV-2 infections in health professionals at a university hospital in the City of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba (PB), Brazil

2024-02-01T14:53:38-03:00

The aim of this study is to identify the epidemiological profile of SARS-CoV-2 infections in health professionals at a University Hospital in João Pessoa – Paraíba, Brazil. This is an epidemiological research, clinical-laboratory, descriptive and quantitative. The cases of infection were obtained through laboratory confirmation using the technique of polymerase chain reaction in real time reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) in samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (SNF) and data from the investigation form of suspected flu syndrome by the 2019 Coronavirus. A total of 67 participants perfomed the exam. Of these, only 18 (26.8%) showed viral detection for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. The most affected gender was female 12 (67%). The median age was 42 years old. The most prevalent symptom was headache 14 (31.1%). There were no cases of comorbidity. Female health professionals over the age of 30 constituted the largest proportion of study participants.

Actions developed by interprofessional teams in hospital institutions in the context of breastfeeding: An integrative review

2024-02-26T06:41:02-03:00

Faced with the challenges related to the practice of breastfeeding, many actions and strategies have been implemented, with the aim of promoting protecting and supporting breastfeeding, especially in hospital institutions, through interprofessional and intersectoral practice in care line, based on public health policies. The study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence that points to the actions implemented by the interprofessional team, within the scope of breastfeeding, in hospital institutions. This is an integrative review of the literature, where the search was through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal, on the Intranet website of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), using the bases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); International Literature in Health Sciences (MEDLINE), by the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed); Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); Elsevier (Scopus) and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics). Of the 2,940 articles initially selected, eight made up the final sample. In general, the studies highlighted actions and interventions, within the scope of breastfeeding, in hospital institutions. However, a weakness in interprofessional practice was revealed, with the need for greater articulation of the actions developed, which could expand the scope of action and, consequently, contribute to better results, in favor of exclusive breastfeeding and the reduction of early weaning hospital, as recommended by the Ministry of Health.

The teaching of palliative care in brazilian medical education: A literature review

2024-03-05T10:22:58-03:00

Introduction: Palliative care is an expanding approach in Brazil, constituting a set of interventions that aim to provide comprehensive care to patients and families facing serious or incurable illnesses. They should therefore be considered as a relevant component of medical education, due to their impact on decision-making and the doctor-patient relationship. Objective: Discuss the importance of teaching palliative care in undergraduate Medicine. Methodology: The study was carried out through an integrative literature review, with descriptive analysis, carried out using the PICO strategy, with access to the Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Articles with full text and abstract, available free of charge in English, Spanish and Portuguese, from January 2017 to October 2023 were included. Results and Discussion: 7 publications were included in the study. Teaching palliative care is essential for improving quality of life and managing suffering. However, the results demonstrated gaps in the teaching of PCs, including a lack of knowledge about its basic principles, identification and treatment of symptoms, and issues involving the finiteness of life. Furthermore, the emphasis on the biomedical model makes it difficult to prepare students for palliative interventions, particularly end-of-life care. Conclusion: Despite efforts to strengthen the teaching of PCs, they are still not prioritized in medical education. Therefore, there is an urgent need for greater visibility on this topic during the academic training of future doctors, so that PCs are incorporated into care actions.

Digital media consumption among university students: An analysis on subjectivity and society

2024-03-18T06:52:05-03:00

There has never been as much access to technology as there is today. The generation we now refer to as young adults has grown up surrounded by digital media, witnessing the emergence and expansion of the internet. An abundance of content is made available daily, both to please its users and to capture their attention. Faced with this landscape, a decision was made to investigate the subjective and social influences of digital media consumption on young academics and its impacts on their education. To this end, a qualitative-quantitative and exploratory study was conducted through a questionnaire hosted on the Google Forms platform. The questionnaire, consisting of both open-ended and closed-ended questions, was accessed by 36 respondents university students aged between 18 and 28 years old. The analysis of the collected information was conducted through mixed content analysis, leading to the establishment of two categories a posteriori: "university students and the consumption of digital media" and "the effect of media on the subjective dimension and education.". The current study emphasized the complex relationship between young individuals and the consumption of digital content, characterized as excessive and often associated with positive feelings such as relaxation and entertainment. However, it is crucial to note that prolonged use can trigger negative emotions like irritation and guilt, highlighting the impact of these interactions on how these young individuals approach their academic progress and personal development.

Exogenous intoxication in patients treated at the Toxicological Information and Assistance Center during the COVID-19 pandemic

2024-03-18T06:52:07-03:00

Poisoning is defined as an adverse event resulting from the action of chemical substances that induces a pathology in an individual. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported three million hospital admissions occurring annually due to toxic exposure worldwide. The growth of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in 2020 also significantly increased calls to Poison Centers due to exposure to cleaning products, hand sanitizers, and disinfectants in early March 2020 in the United States. Based on this scenario, it was hypothesized that the pattern of exogenous intoxication has changed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of exogenous intoxications recorded by CIATOX-DF from March 2020 to February 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time, there was an increase in accidental, environmental, venomous, and non-venomous animal cases, especially in babies, pre-adolescents, adolescents (11 to 15 years old), and women, due to the greater exposure of this age group and gender who have spent more time in rural environments. Most poisonings were accidental. It was observed that there was a decrease in suicide cases, but within these cases, there was a trend increase in poisoning in pre-adolescents and adolescents (11 to 15 years old) compared to other ages, which can be related to an increase in anxiety within this age group. The main toxic agents were venomous and non-venomous animals. The pattern of high frequency in cases involving medicines, pesticides, and household cleaning products was maintained, with a significant increase in cases involving 70% alcohol. It was found that patients living in towns further away from the Pilot Plan in Brasilia suffer accidents involving venomous animals. Accidental and attempted suicide cases occurred more frequently in cities closer to the Pilot Plan region. We concluded that these changes were explained by the new pattern of social behavior during the pandemic.

Orthodontic management of bilateral maxillary canine impaction in skeletal Class I malocclusion: A case report

2024-03-17T07:44:20-03:00

Introduction: Impacted maxillary canines can assume a diverse array of three-dimensional positions, contributing to the complexity of orthodontic treatment. Objective: This article aims to discuss the case of a skeletal Class I patient with a mesofacial pattern, a convex facial profile and maxillary incisor protrusion, presenting with Class I malocclusion, normal overjet, and a mild overbite, along with bilateral impaction of the permanent maxillary canines. Available treatment options included orthodontic traction of the impacted canines, extraction of the primary canines, either preserving or extracting the impacted canines, or extracting all canines and closing the posterior space. Ankylosis of the right canine was a consideration. The treatment that was implemented involved closed exposition, attachment bonding, and traction of the right canine into the occlusal line using a full fixed appliance. Results: The left canine was extracted, and the primary canine was retained as a placeholder for future prosthetic implantation after growth cessation. After 35 months, the right canine was successfully positioned in the occlusal line, maintaining the left primary canine and the original good intercuspation. Conclusion: The prosthetic rehabilitation with an implant-supported prosthesis on the left side was successful, as confirmed at the 3-year and 4-month follow-up.

The role of nurses in promoting the humanization of intensive care for newborns

2024-02-27T13:49:53-03:00

The professional nurse has an essential role in the articulation of humanized and quality care, aiming at promoting the health of the neonate, where humanization becomes more important since feelings such as stress can arise due to the permanence of the patient and family within the care unit. In this sense, the present research has as main objective to analyze, through bibliographic research, the importance of humanized nursing care in neonatal intensive care units. this is an integrative literature review study based on scientific nursing publications indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online and Virtual Health Library database between the years 2018 and 2022. After the searches carried out in the scientific literature regarding the humanized nursing care for the newborn in the intensive care unit, two categories of analysis were used: (1) The importance of the nursing team in the recovery of the newborn; (2) Attributions of the professional nurse in relation to the newborn hospitalized in the ICU. The creation of actions that enable this bond between professional-family, I have a greater sensitivity in the health-disease process, where the team that provides assistance needs to create this bond so that they also feel cared for and promote a greater bond of trust.

Antifungal potential of extracts of the microalgae Pyramimonas virginica against dermatophyte fungi

2024-03-05T20:11:06-03:00

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potential of the extracts centrifuged and electroflocculated of the microalgae Pyramimonas virginica against dermatophyte fungi. To obtain the microalgal biomass, the culture was carried out in a 10 L tubular photobioreactor, in triplicates. The harvesting of microalgal biomass was performed by two methods, centrifugation and electroflocculation. For the extraction of microalgal biomass, the absolute ethanol (99.9%) solvent was used. The antifungal activity of the extracts was evaluated by broth microdilution method, in the concentration range of 0.0115 to 6 mg mL^-1. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined visually, by the absence of fungal growth. Extracts were tested against the dermatophytes Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton tonsurans. Both centrifuged and electroflocculated extracts were able to inhibit the growth of all dermatophytes evaluated, and the centrifuged extract was more active than the electroflocculated. The extracts showed lower MIC values against T. tonsurans (MIC: 0.75 mg mL^-1) and N. gypsea (MIC: 0.75 mg mL^-1), followed by T. mentagrophytes (MIC: 6 mg mL^-1). Regarding the type of activity recorded, against the fungus T. mentagrophytes it was of the fungiostatic type and for the fungi T. tonsurans and N. gypsea it was of the fungicide type. This was a pioneering study on the antifungal activity of the microalgae P. virginica, as well as the method of fractionation of its biomass. The microalgae demonstrated antifungal potential against the dermatophyte fungi evaluated, showing to be promising in the development of new herbal medicines and treatments.

Respiratory failure in pediatrics: A remarkable syndrome

2024-03-19T10:06:39-03:00

Respiratory failure in pediatrics is a complex condition that represents a significant challenge for healthcare professionals dealing with pediatric patients. In this context, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of all aspects related to this syndrome, from its etiology to the most effective management strategies. This condition encompasses a wide spectrum of respiratory disorders, which can be congenital, acquired, or iatrogenic in nature. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the available scientific evidence on respiratory failure in pediatrics, its causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. It is an integrative literature review; the methodology involved a thorough search in electronic databases, including PubMed, to identify relevant studies published in the three years prior to the current date (2024, 2023, 2022). The specific MESH descriptors used were "Respiratory Insufficiency," "Pediatrics," "Syndrome," "Treatment," and "Diagnosis." The search resulted in a total of 125 relevant articles. Further research is needed to address knowledge gaps, standardize diagnostic criteria, and optimize therapeutic strategies tailored to the unique needs of pediatric patients with respiratory failure.

Analysis of patients with vitiligo undergoing phototherapy in a referral hospital in the Federal District

2024-02-26T15:38:08-03:00

Vitiligo is an acquired chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by achromic patches on the body, which appear due to the progressive loss of melanocytes. Phototherapy is used as a treatment in cases when more than 20% of the body surface area is affected or after topical corticosteroid therapy has failed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with vitiligo treated with phototherapy in a referral hospital in the Federal District and to assess the characteristics of this treatment. This is a descriptive, retrospective, case series study based on the analysis of medical records from 2012 to 2019. The study included 55 patients, 74.5% of whom were female and the majority aged between 31 and 40. All patients received UVB treatment twice a week, on non-consecutive days, starting with an initial dose of 200 mJ/cm². Of these, 30.9% experienced adverse effects, with erythema being the most common. Analyzing the epidemiological profile is important for making therapeutic decisions. This study suggests that more sessions, in young patients, may contribute to the success of repigmentation of the skin with vitiligo. However, further studies are necessary to generate other hypotheses regarding the variables that may affect the treatment of these patients.

Acute Chagas Disease: An epidemiological survey between 2012-2021 in the state of Piauí in Brazil

2024-03-19T20:23:06-03:00

The objective was to understand the clinical-epidemiological profile of confirmed cases of Acute Chagas Disease (ACD) in the state of Piauí, from 2012 to 2021. An epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, with a quantitative approach, from 2012 to 2021. confirmed cases of ACD in the state of Piauí. Four cases of ACD were reported, with an increase in the number of notifications in 2021, with the municipality of Oeiras having the highest number of confirmed reported cases (75%), with a higher incidence of probable infection through the vector mode with laboratory confirmation criteria and good clinical evolution. The main age group affected was between 65-69 years old (50%), mixed race was the only one reported and there was no variation between the sexes. It is essential to know concise epidemiological data from the state of Piauí to improve medical care, prevention and control of Chagas Disease. Thus, the study initially allowed us to understand the socio-epidemiological profile of the state in relation to ACD, but it guides actions to improve the clinical diagnosis of ACD and correctly complete the Compulsory Notification Form so that future research can provide support for new implementations in public health in the state.

Compassionate medical approaches to breaking bad news: Strategies and impacts

2024-02-24T08:01:15-03:00

This narrative literature review provides insight into the communication of bad news, with a primary focus on evaluating its impact on medical students. In the employed methodology, 48 studies were compiled, with seven selected for in-depth discussion, all published within the last five years. This review highlights that medical schools often lack theoretical and practical preparation for future physicians in delivering negative news. Furthermore, recognizing that the communication of bad news affects not only recipients but also those delivering the news, the study reveals various methods of conveying bad news and their applicability, such as outcomes and relevance, to ensure effective and comfortable communication for all parties involved. The study also delves into current protocols and their specificities, providing a comprehensive view of how they can be applied in situations involving the communication of bad news, emphasizing their utility and importance in the context of medical education. In summary, this work aims to review the most relevant aspects of the topic present in the literature and consolidate the main protocols developed to facilitate the communication of difficult news by healthcare professionals.

Presence of contaminants in supply water in the city of Itu, State of São Paulo (SP)

2024-03-15T11:52:48-03:00

Introduction: Endocrine contaminants (EC) affect the endocrine system of several living organisms. Among the substances classified as CE, bisphenol-A (BPA) and 17β-estradiol (E2) stand out. These compounds may be present in the water supply of many cities and urban centers. Objective: To identify the presence of endocrine contaminants in the water supply of the city of Itu, State of São Paulo (SP), using Artemia salina as a bioindicator. Methodology: Tests for EC detection were carried out in water supply from the city of Itu/SP, analysis of physicochemical characteristics and cytotoxicity tests with A. salina. Results: Cytotoxicity was found in the waters evaluated from 10%, indicating a highly toxic substance. No estradiol and bisphenol-A were detected in the samples during the summer and winter seasons of 2021. Conclusion: The importance of the existence of parameters for water quality for EC in current Brazilian legislation is highlighted, regarding water quality, In other words, it is necessary to reevaluate and establish new potability standards for consumption, taking into account that these substances (EC) are harmful to health even in very small concentrations.

Use of stem cells in the treatment of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder - Integrative review

2024-03-09T07:09:15-03:00

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with multifactorial causes - genetic and environmental, such as prematurity, asphyxia and fetal exposure to alcohol and drugs. Studies indicate that genes such as NLGN4 and ASTN2 are associated with autism. Treatments are divided into behavioral, nutritional and medicinal approaches, but new findings in epigenetics and neuroimmunology suggest that hematopoietic stem cell therapies may be potential interventions for the treatment of autistic syndromes. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on the use of stem cells in the therapy of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and Adolec databases were used, with articles published between 2010 and 2021. The PICo (Population, Phenomenon, Context) strategy was used to define the research question. Stem cells are unspecialized precursor cells that have the ability to self-renew, the ability to differentiate and the ability to reconstitute. However, the problem is how a new treatment using this therapy can influence the improvement of individuals with ASD, which is identified by observing the influence of transplanting these cells into humans on their motor and cognitive skills. The etiology of autism in the studies is indicated in the involvement of immunological dysregulations, but its pathophysiology remains poorly defined and the exact mechanisms of transplantation have yet to be confirmed and clarified, which suggests further studies in order to verify the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach in the long term.

Nursing care of the family health strategy in prenatal care for pregnant women and adolescents

2024-02-16T17:38:14-03:00

The objective of this study was to describe the importance of nursing care during prenatal care for pregnant adolescents. This is an integrative literature review research carried out between the months of June and July 2023. The PICo strategy was used, where P (population) corresponds to adolescents; o I (interest), nursing care and Co (context), prenatal care. The search was carried out in the database of the Medical Literature and Retrivial System onLine (MEDLINE/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences Information (LILACS) and the Nursing Database (BDENF), the descriptors The controlled variables used in the search strategy were selected from DeCs (Health Sciences Descriptors), using the Boolean connectors AND and OR. 18 (eighteen) articles were found, an exploratory reading of them was carried out, of which 08 (eight) were excluded, for the present research 10 (ten) articles were used. The results of the study showed that the role of the nurse is of great relevance during prenatal care, as they carry out specific technical activities within their competence, administrative and educational and, through the bond with users, concentrate efforts to reduce taboos, myths and prejudices and seek conviction about the main care during pregnancy.

The suscebility of hipertensive patients to contract COVID-19 and develop a serious form of disease

2024-03-20T06:08:02-03:00

Objective: Establish the relationship between hypertensive patients who contracted COVID-19 and developed severe forms. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature carried out in the months of February and March 2024, in the Scielo, Lilacs, MedLine and PubMed databases, using the following descriptors in health sciences: “COVID-19”, “Hypertension” and “Renin-Angiotensin System”, by the Boolean operator AND. In total, 537 studies were found, after the inclusion criteria (articles published between 2019 and 2024, in Portuguese and English) and complete reading, 16 studies were selected to prepare the review. Results: COVID-19 infection causes endothelial dysfunction, exacerbating a pro-inflammatory state. All inflammation causes an increase in renin in the patient's body, accentuating the RAS. Consequently, patients with SAH have a higher concentration of (ACE-II) in the lung epithelia, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor enzyme. Furthermore, the virus inactivates enzymes that are important for reducing the patient's blood pressure. By decreasing ACE II we have an increase in (ACE-I) and this is related to lung injuries and degradation of bradykinin, an important vasodilator and bronchodilator hormone. It is clear that the development of the severe form of the disease in hypertensive patients occurs due to the inflammatory state of the disease, which is exacerbated, such as the imbalance of the RAS due to organ damage. Conclusion: Therefore, any patient with pro-inflammatory conditions tends to have a more severe condition from COVID-19. Concomitantly with hypertension, an increase in ACE-I causes vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction and a decrease in ACE-II, deregulating other factors that favor thrombogenic events.

Profile of hemodialysis patients in the Brusque Region, State of Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil

2024-03-04T15:50:31-03:00

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a multifactorial pathology. Depending on its severity, treatment consists of dialysis, with hemodialysis being the most used method in Brazil. The objective of this study was to develop a profile of hemodialysis patients in the region of Brusque, Santa Catarina, Brazil, addressing aspects of general, socioeconomic data, treatments, lifestyle, quality of life, level of satisfaction with the service, and an approach to spirituality. Method: This study is descriptive, cross-sectional, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, carried out at the Hemodialysis Center in the Brusque region. Data collection was conducted using a structured questionnaire, divided into six blocks based on the guidelines of Toassi & Petry (2021). The data were tabulated and organized in Microsoft Excel 2019 software, through simple descriptive analysis, following the recommendations of the aforementioned authors. Results: Encompassing 75%, it revealed a diverse patient profile. In summary, the majority of participants were between 51 and 72 years old, predominantly residents of Brusque, male, married, with low education, who consider themselves religious and have a monthly income of up to 2,000 reais. Regarding the evaluation of the service, the results were positive, with emphasis on the good relationship between patients and doctors and nurses. Regarding religious beliefs, the results show that this plays a significant role in the patient's life and is a source of emotional support. Conclusions: Understanding this diverse profile is essential to improve quality of life, adherence, and clinical results of treatment

Autism spectrum disorder: A family and community medicine approach

2024-02-29T16:10:25-03:00

Objective: Highlight the role of the primary network in the early diagnosis of the development of ASD, especially the unpreparedness of the family and community care network for adaptive models. Methodology: An integrative bibliographic review was carried out using the following databases: National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). four descriptors were used to outline the research. This process included full texts published between 2014 and 2024 and written in Portuguese or English. The selected articles were screened considering their suitability to the topic and the following steps: (I) reading the titles, (II) the abstracts and, finally, (III) the full texts. Results: The corpus analyzed revealed that there is a correlation between the evolution of ASD and early diagnosis, inferring a tenuous role for teams of professionals and specific screening in public health. Conclusion: More advocacy and education are needed to encourage family doctors to screen for ASD, which involves more resources in the health system, from screening patients in primary care, immediate referral and an increase in immediate assessments.

Included canine in the palate, a surgical challenge: Case report

2024-03-04T06:26:20-03:00

Introduction: The impaction of maxillary canines is a frequent occurrence, especially in the palatal region, even when there is sufficient space for their alignment in the dental arch. It can be caused by general or local factors, and its diagnosis should be made through clinical, radiographic and tomographic examinations. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe a clinical case of an impacted canine that had previously been unsuccessfully attempted to be orthodontically pulled. Clinical case report: A 19-year-old female patient was referred for extraction of an impacted element 13 on the palate, after attempted traction for two years, carried out as a prophylactic measure against resorption of adjacent dental elements. Careful removal was carried out with the aid of blood products for a better post-operative prognosis. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of dental inclusions is important to enable traction and prevent loss of units. However, when the inclusion does not allow the tooth to be used, it is important to remove it in a less invasive way and with the better possible post-operative outcome for the patient.

Evaluation of dermatological manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease in a hemodialysis service in the Federal District

2024-02-26T15:38:08-03:00

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as the progressive and irreversible loss in the number and function of nephrons for more than 3 months. It is a well-established fact that 82% of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis experience at least one cutaneous or mucosal alteration, which can negatively impact their quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of the population with CKD in a hemodialysis service in the Federal District, as well as to evaluate the prevalence of the main dermatological manifestations in these patients. This is a descriptive, retrospective, case series study based on an analysis of medical records, interviews and physical examinations conducted between August 2019 and January 2020. A total of 46 patients were included, with 52% of them being female and the majority aged between 40 and 50. All of the analyzed patients presented dermatological manifestations, with a particular focus on nail alterations (89.6%), xerosis (83.3%), and mucous membrane alterations (77.1%). Studying the clinical and epidemiological profile, as well as cutaneous and mucosal alterations, in these patients is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention.

Analysis of protocols for the treatment of congenital syphilis: A scoping review

2024-03-19T20:22:59-03:00

Introduction: Congenital syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum with gestational transmission, which has a significant impact on the health of the fetus. Although prevention of this disease during pregnancy is safe and the treatment effective, its incidence has remained high in several countries, especially Brazil, which makes congenital syphilis a serious global public health problem that needs to be studied. Objective: To analyze the protocols for the treatment of congenital syphilis in Brazil and the United States in order to identify possible reasons for the increase in the incidence rate of this disease in different countries with different territorial areas, development rates and economies. Method: This is a scoping review based on a search of the PubMed database for the period 2013 to 2023. Results: One of the main factors responsible for the difference in congenital syphilis rates in each country is economic and territorial differences. In addition, the offer of screening for syphilis during pregnancy is not homogeneous throughout the territory of the countries analyzed and there are differences in the form of access for each social group within the same country. Conclusion: The protocols of the two countries analyzed are adequate and the biggest problem is adequate access to information and screening during prenatal care, treatment during pregnancy, for both the pregnant woman and her partner, and after childbirth.

Analysis of reported cases of arterial hypertension in the elderly population through the Hiperdia system, Itacoatiara-AM, between 2009-2011

2024-03-04T15:00:40-03:00

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of arterial hypertension and resulting deaths from diseases associated with hypertension in the elderly population in a non-metropolitan city in the state of Amazonas-Brazil. Methodology: This is an epidemiological study, based on secondary data, carried out by searching for scientific publications in databases such: SciELO, PubMed and Lilacs, in addition to that, data made Available by the WHO, IBGE and Brazil’s Ministry of Health has been used. Results: The incidence rates of arterial hypertension exhibit a greater participation of elderly females, in addition to the incidence and mortality rates being statistically superior than the state rates, in Itacoatiara-AM. Conclusion: This study evaluated the SAH scenario in a rural city on Amazonas, highlighting the need of actions oriented to prevent, guide and manage the clinical condition of arterial hypertension on the elderly population.

Effect of anethole and anethole+itraconazole assiciantion on experimental arthritis induced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

2024-03-10T17:16:50-03:00

In this study, the effect of treatment with anethole (AN) and the combination anethole+itraconazole (AN+IT) compared to IT, on infectious arthritis induced by Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis, was evaluated. The animals were treated for 14 days at doses of anethole (AN - 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg), itraconazole (IT - 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) and the combination of anethole+itraconazole (AN+ IT - 62.5 and 12.5 mg/kg). The parameters evaluated were: the development of knee edema, the number of leukocytes recruited into the joint cavity, the body weight of the animals, the walking capacity, the plasmatic concentration of nitric oxide, the concentration of TNF in the knee joint exudate, the production of anti-Pb antibodies and the activity of plasma transaminases (AST and ALT). Histological changes in the right knee joint of the hind paw were evaluated using Hematoxylin-eosin and Grocott staining. The results showed that treatment with monotherapies and combinations reduced knee joint edema, the number of leukocytes recruited into the synovial cavity and improved the animals' gait. The concentration of plasma NO, tissue TNF and anti-Pb were reduced by treatment with IT at all doses tested and with the AN+IT combination. Treatment with AN only reduced the plasma concentration of NO and tissue TNF at a high dose. Altogether, the data showed that treatments with IT monotherapy and the combination of AN + IT showed a similar inhibitory effect on the development of arthritis.

The benefits of using calcium score in preventing cardiac events

2024-02-29T07:12:39-03:00

The Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score is a non-invasive imaging tool that utilizes computed tomography to analyze the presence and extent of calcium in the coronary arteries. Despite some available tools to assess the population's cardiovascular risk, using CAC in conjunction with these methods makes the risk assessment outcome more accurate in some classification groups. Objective: To evaluate the use of Coronary Calcium Score in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, which used the PICO strategy and the following guiding question: "What is the prognostic relevance of calcium score in preventing acute myocardial infarction?" Results: Through the analyzed studies, it is possible to affirm that the Coronary Artery Calcium Score is an effective marker in identifying early atherosclerosis in low-risk patients, enabling early interventions. The presence of CAC is associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease, even in young adults, while the absence of CAC is a strong marker of low risk. Performing the score is cost-effective in primary cardiovascular prevention, enabling the implementation of statins as a prophylactic intervention. Conclusion: The reviewed articles reveal how this marker can change medical behavior, influence treatment selection, and outline treatment plans tailored to the specific needs of each individual, extending also to decisions about invasive procedures.

Indicators of psychological care in the outpatient clinic of the Unified Health System: A case study

2024-03-21T06:48:08-03:00

This article aims to study the indicators associated with dropout and discharge in psychotherapy by patients treated within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), through a census conducted in a mental health outpatient clinic integrated with SUS and part of the care units of a university. Of an exploratory, retrospective, cross-sectional, documentary, and quantitative nature, the research began in 2019, analyzing the schedules of psychologists who worked at the outpatient clinic in 2017. With a sample of 252 patients, data were collected from schedules, case monitoring spreadsheets, and electronic medical records. Indicators were constructed to assess the care provided, and statistical analysis used chi-square tests and t-test for mean differences. Results revealed that 46% of patients dropped out of psychotherapy, 38% continued in treatment, 15% were discharged, and 1% were referred to other services. Indicators such as "no-shows" (p=0.000) and "qualification of the therapeutic plan" (p=0.016) showed statistically significant associations with treatment dropout. For the "discharge" outcome, there was a significant association with low severity of psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.04), a higher number of completed appointments (p=0.018), and a lower proportion of missed appointments (p=0.000). The mean number of completed appointments per patient who was discharged was 7.2 appointments. These analyses support trends observed in the literature regarding the importance of studying appointment scheduling flows, first appointment attendance rates, treatment dropout, and characteristics of psychological care in public health services.

Pseudoaeurism of the common carotid artery due to penetrating trauma: Convencional treatment

2024-03-09T16:07:15-03:00

Introduction: Pseudoaneurysm is one of the main complication of vascular neck trauma and it has been historically underestimated because patients with non-catastrophic injuries may not show symptoms until several years after the trauma, but it can result in catastrophic sequelae. Objective: The objective of this article is to present a case report on pseudoanerysm of the common carotid artery due to penetrating trauma. Case report: Male patient, 22 years old with left common carotid artery pseudoaaneurysm due to gunshot two years before. He presented progressive left-sided cervical mass and previous history of two cerebrovascular accidents, resulting in right hemiparesis and dysarthria sequelae. The patient was submitted to open surgical repair and was discharged on the fourth day postoperative in good condition. Conclusion: Our patient was young and had an easily accessible lesion, therefore, we felt that the most durable approach would be open surgical reconstruction with excellent immediate result.

Treatment management in young patients with type I Diabetes: Difficulties in self-care management

2024-03-12T07:35:40-03:00

Objectives: to highlight the challenges that these young people face in promoting autonomy for self-care with limited accessibility to information, old medication application techniques, low adherence to treatment and obstacles in the family environment. METHODS: an integrative literature review was carried out during the period from July 2022 to February 2024, selecting a sample of 120 articles and after all selection, 6 scientific articles were highlighted for the production of the study. Discussion And Results: Furthermore, it was evident that in order to build patient autonomy in relation to their treatment, resulting in self-care, it is necessary for young people to be able to achieve the three pillars of self-care: cognitive autonomy; behavioral autonomy; and emotional autonomy. In view of the above, several factors end up harming the individual's personal development, such as a family that is too protective or shows poor adaptation to the patient's new reality. Access to information about the disease restricted to public health environments is also an important factor to be mentioned, the use of technologies to disseminate knowledge to this public in question is a reality that must be addressed.

Alternatives for non-verbal and minimally verbal autism communication

2024-03-05T10:26:00-03:00

Objective: To present alternatives for communication for non-verbal and minimally verbal autistic people. Method: An integrative review of the literature was carried out, between the months of June and November of the year 2023, using the health science descriptors “Autism Spectrum Disorder”, “Nonverbal Communication”, “Child” and “Human Development”, through the Scielo, VHL and PubMed databases. Results and Discussions: Good communication, through words early in life, suggests greater expressive development in the child with ASD in the long term. Strategies such as the Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention (NDBI) and Toy Talk were used during recreational moments for children with ASD, through these methods it was possible to demonstrate an increase in the exposure of autistic children to a greater number of sentences pronounced. In relation to other intervention mechanisms, the results demonstrated that this instrument was fundamental for the significant non-verbal progress of these patients, as it presented a greater positive variable, when compared to the others. PECS-Adapted can also be an option, as it allows the expansion of communicative intention and other participatory skills, enabling functional communication. Furthermore, robots have also been used to optimize the communication of autistic children, as these individuals interact more effectively with robots than with humans. Final Considerations: It is essential to stimulate and promote the development of these children's language of expression, through strategies that use everyday, playful activities, direct participation of parents or health professionals, in addition to the use of new technologies.

Surgical efficacy of bone grafts and GTR on endodontic microsurgery: An overview of bone regeneration technology applied in magnification

2024-02-26T19:10:25-03:00

Surgical endodontic procedures have been performed for over a century with new modifications in the primary technique. When traditional endodontic therapy and retreatment fail and the periapical infection persists, surgical intervention to remove the apical biofilm is recommended with an attempt to preserve the dental element. The newest breakdowns by researchers and dental surgeons are obtaining new techniques of the Guided Tissue Regeneration associated with periradicular surgery. This article presented an integrative review of a series of reported cases and vigorous analyses, expressing the results of endodontic microsurgery and GTR association. This review study aims to present clearly and concisely, encompassing complex studies and published analyses to collect the advantages and the efficacy of the use of bone grafts inserted in periradicular microsurgery. During the execution of this research to elaborate an integrative review, the previous data selection was conducted using methodological strategies to simplify and filter the substantial content inserted inside the proscript study. 86 bibliographic articles from the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, Journal of Endodontics, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and Virtual Health Library were analyzed. Moreover, 70,9% of the studies analyzed weren't compatible with the research purpose and 29,1% were included. The principles of bone regeneration being inserted in apical lesion recovery have shown to be promising, and future studies are being encouraged to be developed to further improve applicability in surgical endodontics.

Challenges and strategies used by nurses in an Intensive Care Unit infected by the Coronavirus

2024-02-08T09:41:03-03:00

Objective: To analyze the challenges and strategies used by nurses in an Intensive Care Unit who were infected by coronavirus. Method: Qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study. Data collection took place from November 2021 to January 2022, through semi-structured interviews in an online format with 14 nurses from an Intensive Care Unit who were infected by the virus. The data was subjected to Content Analysis, two categories emerging: Challenges of nurses contaminated by coronavirus and Strategies used by nurses contaminated by coronavirus. Results: The challenges verbalized by the interviewees were: social isolation, return to work and post-illness syndrome. The strategies used were: online contact with family members, well-being practices and therapy. Final Considerations: The experiences of this period were transformative for the study subjects, as in the position of patient, they experienced feelings that had not been experienced before, qualifying the nursing care provided to this type of patient.

Pharmaceutical attention in the dispensing of antimicrobials, in community pharmacies and drugstores, in the fight against Antimicrobial Resistance

2024-03-05T15:01:08-03:00

The study aims to investigate the importance of promoting health education by the pharmacist, in the professional/patient relationship, through pharmaceutical attention and care, in community pharmacies and drugstores, in the dispensing of antimicrobials. The study refers to an integrative bibliographic review with searches in databases over the last 10 years (2013-2023) such as Google Scholar, National library of medicine (PubMed) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). A total of 10 articles were selected, consisting of 3 from PubMed, 1 from SciELO and 6 from Google Scholar, articles that met the research objectives. In Brazil, around 80 million people practice self-medication. Among the medicines used without professional supervision, antibiotics account for 42% of the total. It was possible to observe the population's lack of knowledge about self-medication with antimicrobials and the consequences, since, in addition to the damage to individual health, they also pose problems to society and the environment. Therefore, the pharmacist, as an enabler of health education, is capable of providing vigilant guidance both for the acquisition and rational use of medicines, and for monitoring the patient's pharmacotherapy.

Use of cannabidiol in the treatment of autism, review of the literature and future perspectives

2023-05-06T08:18:03-03:00

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are considered a multifactorial disease, being associated with genetic and non-genetic causes with a predominance of development in early childhood and that compromises the cognitive, social and affective spheres, in addition to physical growth itself. There are no specific medications for autism and several medications are used to alleviate the symptoms associated with ASD, in addition there is much discussion about the use of cannabidiol. This work is a systematic review of the literature with the aim of understanding more about the use of cannabidiol to help treat patients with ASD. The results found demonstrate a strong relationship between TEA and the endocannabinoid system, especially in the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Most of the works show that the use of cannabidiol brought more benefits than side effects or adverse reactions, acting mainly in the improvement of the signs and symptoms of ASD. Therefore, it is concluded that it is of great importance to carry out more studies to clarify points that are still obscure in the use of cannabidiol in the treatment of ASD.

Cardiovascular benefits related to the use of SGLT-2 protein inhibitor drugs

2024-03-11T19:44:09-03:00

Sodium and glucose co-transporters (SGLT) are proteins that act by transferring sodium into cells, particularly with glucose, so that subtype 2 (SGLT-2) can reabsorb filtered glucose. In 2019, the American Diabetes Association recommended the use of SLGT-2 inhibitor drugs in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at risk of heart failure. These medications alleviate heart injuries, thereby reducing deaths, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalizations for heart failure. This study will seek to discuss the cardiovascular benefits obtained from the use of these medications. This is a systematic review of the literature based on the guiding question: “What cardiovascular benefits can be obtained with the use of drugs that inhibit the SGLT-2 protein?” with a bibliographic survey carried out in the PUBMED database. The Controlled Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) used were: Sglt2; Cardiac insufficiency. Thus, 40 clinical trials published between 2017 and 2023 were selected according to the objective of the research and which met the inclusion criteria: articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, whose titles and abstracts were shown to be in accordance with the purpose. of the literature review, indexed in the aforementioned database. Repeated articles, theses, dissertations and analysis summaries were excluded. An analysis highlighted the benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitor drugs: improvements in energy pathways, antifibrotic effects and improved quality of life. In the stages, a reduction in hospitalizations, mortality and an increase in life expectancy were observed.

Aspects of comprehensive health and motor development in a child with sacral agenesis: A case report

2024-02-29T07:07:26-03:00

Objective: To evaluate the motor development and other aspects of comprehensive health in a child with sacral agenesis. Methodology: This is a descriptive case report with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. The instruments used were a sociodemographic evaluation form and the Alberta Scale. This research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of UEPB and was approved with the number CAAE: 74237223.1.0000.5187. Results: Child evaluated at 7 months of age. Received the diagnosis of caudal regression syndrome type II, or sacral agenesis, at 5 months. In the physiotherapeutic evaluation, hypotonia and hypotrophy of the lower limbs were observed, as well as delayed DNPM according to the Alberta scale (total score 27, percentile <10). The mother reports irritability, sleep disturbances, and severe constipation. Conclusion: The scientific documentation of rare diseases is important to provide scientific support for professionals who encounter similar cases in their clinical practice. The patient documented through this case report is a child who has various aspects of their health affected by the presence of sacral agenesis, notably motor development, and intestinal function.

Epidemiological profile of malignant neoplasms of the prostate in Brazil - Description of half a decade and the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

2024-03-05T17:07:32-03:00

Prostate cancer (PC) is the 2nd most common in men. When compared with other malignancies, regional and ethnic disparities remain a problem. Screening is carried out through prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurement and digital rectal exam, and, if necessary, biopsy. There is controversy regarding the benefit of annual screening. Given the importance of epidemiological studies, this study aimed to quantify reported cases and describe factors related to the mortality rate and number of hospitalizations for PC between the years 2018 and 2023. The data were obtained from the SUS Information Technology Department (DATASUS), ICD10-C61 (malignant neoplasm of the prostate) by place of residence. The population studied are men aged 40 or over. Epidemiology in Brazil is like developed countries, despite regional disparities. More hospitalizations occurred in the Southeast and fewer in the North, along with the highest mortality rate. Inequalities between Regions are due to unequal access by the State. There is a predominance in the mortality rate at 80 years of age or more and a greater number of hospitalizations at 60 to 69 years of age. Mixed race people had a higher number of hospitalizations. The highest mortality rate occurred in 2021 and the highest number of hospitalizations in 2022 and 2023, which may be influenced by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Analyzing the profile of this neoplasm is essential to guide the planning of public policies, requiring measures to provide more equitable access to health facilities.

The relationship between emotional exhaustion and possible psychiatric disorders: Anxiety, depression and burnout in Medical students

2024-03-16T07:12:36-03:00

Upon entering Medical school, there is a significant decline in mental health, which worsens as graduation progresses. Several factors are described as stressful environments in Medical students, such as the highly stressful academic environment, competitiveness, sleep deprivation, excessive workload, peer pressure, curricular, affective and institutional factors. The present study aims to analyze the spectrum of psychiatric manifestations in Medical students and the relationship with the mental exhaustion of these individuals. Burnout does not obviously depend on individual predisposing factors, such as emotional expression or means of coping with stress, but is also linked to external factors, such as the mold of the educational system, and can generate negative impacts on students' academic and personal lives. Among students in the clinical cycle, represented as being in the 3rd, 4th and 5th years, the prevalence of burnout was higher among students in the third and fourth years, and this higher prevalence may be due to the transition from basic sciences to clinical sciences. Institutional intervention, from faculty and educational support programs, is necessary for early recognition, a practical and targeted approach as mechanisms to contain clinical repercussions and personal losses to Medical students.

Therapeutic advances in the sequelae of facial paralysis and their impact on self-image

2024-03-22T07:56:49-03:00

Objective: To relate therapeutic advances in the sequelae of facial paralysis and their impact on self-image. Method: An integrative review of the literature was carried out, between the months of January and March of the year 2024, using the descriptors “Facial Paralysis”, “Treatment” and “Sequelae”, through the Scielo, MedLine, PubMed and Lilacs databases. Articles published in the last 5 years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, were included, and theses, dissertations, letters to the editor and incomplete texts were excluded. Results and discussions: Patients with Bell's Palsy are in extreme stress due to the sequelae of the condition. In 29% of patients, residual paresis appears with sequelae such as contracture in 17% and synkinesis in 16%. One of the effective and safe treatment options to mitigate the sequelae of facial paralysis is acupuncture, which can control the functional connection of the brain network and the functional activities of the cognitive area of the brain. Furthermore, there are two rehabilitation techniques in the management of facial paralysis, facial mimicry and neuromuscular retraining, the application of botulinum toxin and mirror therapy. Conclusion: The sequelae of Facial Paralysis include several syndromes that occur after the acute condition of the pathology and have negative repercussions on the quality of life of patients, such as physical, social and psychological aspects. Even though several rehabilitation techniques are being developed for this purpose, it is important to highlight the need for more clinical studies to monitor therapy and results.

Education through Work for Health Program (PET-Saúde) promoting availability for interprofessional learning

2024-03-01T06:29:55-03:00

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the availability of students, preceptors and tutors at PET Saúde - Gestão e Assistência Araguaia for shared learning with students and professionals from other areas. As a method, evaluative research, descriptive and quantitative approach was used. 43 members of the team implementing PET-Saúde Gestão e Assistência Araguaia participated in the study. The Readiness Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire was applied, validated by Peduzzi and collaborators, with 29 items measured on a Likert scale, addressing concepts related to teamwork and collaboration, professional identity and patient-centered care. The responses were compiled in a Microsoft 365 Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using general and group values of the mean, score and standard deviation of the scores. In the results, the majority of participants were students 28 (63.6%). There is availability for shared learning regarding teamwork and collaboration, professional identity and patient-centered care. The overall score on the availability for shared learning scale was high, 114.65 out of 145 possible points. It is concluded that there was a positive assessment of availability for shared learning with students and professionals from other areas. The readiness demonstrated for interprofessional learning suggests that educational initiatives that promote interprofessional collaboration are being well received and have the potential to positively shape professional training and work culture in health services for more comprehensive and problem-solving assistance.

Implementation and Management of the Intensive Care service in the interior of Ceará in times of COVID-19: An experience report

2024-02-29T07:07:16-03:00

This study aims to report the experience regarding the implementation and management of the Intensive Care service in the interior of Ceará as a result of COVID-19, from March to August 2020. This is a descriptive study of the experience report type, where the intensive care unit was faced with a new reality of care, as well as the immediate selection and training of the multidisciplinary team. The structuring and organization of the hospitalization and patient treatment service included the incorporation of new technologies, the provision of Personal Protective Equipment, awareness about the isolation of an area that was then critical for the movement of people, the concomitant selection and training of the team that would provide care to these patients. It is noteworthy that actions aimed at continuing health education were fundamental to improving the quality of patient care, strengthening the safe practice of the growing demand for professionals to work in ICUs. This reality has highlighted some important aspects in the context of the Brazilian health team, such as the inadequate number of professionals, low salaries and inadequate working conditions. Thus, with the aim of guiding assistance provided with excellence, this study shows the importance of a service based on a scientific technical basis, the relevance of training and integration of multidisciplinary team and strengthens the perception of the need to implement and manage an evidence-based service to benefit from management tools, technologies and knowledge in the care of patients with COVID-19.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric dentistry procedures carried out in the Unified Health System in the state of Tocantins: Difference between the years 2018 and 2022

2024-02-15T06:20:41-03:00

Introduction: Due to the pandemic, there were changes in dental care in order to contain the spread of the disease. Dental care was restricted to urgent and emergencies for a period of time. And as a result, children's oral health may have been negatively impacted. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the difference in the number of procedures carried out by the Unified Health System before and during the Covid-19 pandemic, from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: A descriptive study with an ecological design was carried out, based on the Ambulatory Information System (SIA/SUS) of the SUS Information Technology Department (Datasus). The percentage difference in procedures between the periods analyzed was calculated, as well as the relative and absolute frequencies. Results and discussion: 53,148 pediatric dental procedures were performed, 37,257 in the period before the pandemic and 15,891 during the pandemic, resulting in a reduction of 57.3%. Conclusion: There was a decrease in the number of dental procedures on primary teeth in the state of Tocantins, between the periods analyzed. This highlights the need for planning and the importance of reflecting on this new reality.

Telenursing: Implementation of Teleconsultations in a University Hospital

2024-03-25T09:32:04-03:00

This article aims to report the implementation of nursing teleconsultations at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco. This is a retrospective experience report on the implementation of nursing teleconsultations in a University Hospital. The study was carried out at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco. Teleconsultations were carried out during the period from October 28, 2022 to July 31, 2023 with patients from the following outpatient specialties: Breastfeeding, Bronchoscopy, Pediatric Surgery, Colonoscopy, Colposcopy, Oncology Navigation, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Pre-operative, Pet/CT and Kidney Transplant. All 16 nurses who carried out synchronous telecare, using the Telemedicine and Telehealth System, participated in the sample. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, opinion number 6,686,606. Resulting in a total of 263 nursing teleconsultations, and it was found that the specialty with the highest rate of teleconsultations was Pediatric Surgery and Pediatrics (34.98%), with the lowest percentile in teleconsultations being Kidney Transplant (1.52%). Regarding the training of teleconsultants, this was (100%) with technical support for the patient and professional. It is concluded that the implementation of nursing teleconsultations in the hospital promoted a high level of patient care, with benefits for users, teleconsultants, and because it is a pioneering work among federal university hospitals, it could become a model for implementations in other hospitals.

The effects of electronic cigarette use on users' health: An integrative review

2024-03-13T06:05:24-03:00

Introduction: The electronic cigarette is a nicotine delivery device that has gained popularity since its creation in 2003, both as a smoking cessation method and for recreational use. Its attractiveness, discretion, and variety of flavors spark curiosity, particularly among teenagers and young adults. Despite being prohibited, the marketing of these devices raises concerns, especially due to the lack of clear evidence regarding safety, quality, and effects. Objective: To elucidate the effects that the use of electronic cigarettes can have on users' health. Methodology: This is an integrative review with a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collection conducted from March to October 2023, using the Scielo, PubMed, and LILACS databases. Descriptors in English and Portuguese were used, including "electronic cigarette," "nicotine," "effects," "health," excluding "oral," "dental," "pregnant," and "smoking cessation." Results: Initially, 2,227 articles were identified, and 24 studies were selected after the established criteria. Discussion: Although electronic cigarettes may seem harmless and less toxic than traditional cigarettes, most analyzed articles reported pathological organic modifications and a detrimental relationship in various body systems, particularly pulmonary and cardiovascular, along with other effects such as hemodynamic, immunologic, neoplastic, and toxicological. Conclusion: There is evidence that the use of electronic cigarettes harms health, although data on the subject are limited. Therefore, further studies are needed on the use of electronic cigarettes, focusing primarily on assessing long-term impact, safety, regulation, and public health.

Study of the safety and therapeutic efficacy of multipotent adult progenitor cells in the treatment of feline asthma

2023-03-01T03:35:02-03:00

Feline asthma is a disease that is prevalent in young or middle-aged cats, with the main clinical signs being dry cough, mouth breathing, expiratory dyspnea, wheezing, cyanosis, crackles and weight loss. However, current therapeutic approaches have proven to be ineffective in preventing or reversing all pathological aspects of feline asthma. In this way, the development of new treatments for feline asthma that prove to be safe and effective are of fundamental importance for veterinary medicine. Stem cell therapy is presented to the market as a promising therapeutic approach since it has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of several diseases that affect both large and small animals. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the safety and efficacy of the treatment of feline asthma through stem cell transplantation, which mainly aims to obtain a methodology that allows the improvement of the quality of cats.

Importance of a prenatal care performed by a multidisciplinary team

2024-03-12T07:35:38-03:00

Introduction: Prenatal care aims to welcome pregnant women by providing comprehensive monitoring through a set of activities that aim to prevent, diagnose and treat adverse pregnancy events. Therefore, this assistance helps at all stages of pregnancy, with the Basic Health Unit (UBS) being the preferred gateway for pregnant women to the health system and the multidisciplinary team being an important strategy for pregnancy monitoring. Objective: To report the experience of medical students, with an emphasis on the importance of prenatal care provided by a multidisciplinary team. Methodology: Descriptive study, experience report type, carried out in a Family Health Unit from the metropolitan Region of Cabedelo-PB. Results: Prenatal care is the recommended care for all pregnant women and multidisciplinary care proved to be necessary to provide safe and competent monitoring of pregnant women treated at the Basic Health Unit, as it encompasses several areas of knowledge essential for assistance. effective and resolute. Furthermore, this strategy makes it possible for all health professionals to commit to ensuring the care and well-being of the pregnant woman, her partner and the baby, reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: It is concluded that prenatal care carried out by a multidisciplinary team, through the knowledge of different professionals, becomes essential for a more qualified prenatal care, bringing security to the pregnant woman, in pregnancy monitoring, delivery and care to the newborn.

Dental conduct in petients using oral anticoagulants: Integrative literature review

2024-02-17T08:37:30-03:00

Anticoagulant medications play a fundamental role in the treatment of several conditions associated with thrombotic risk, such as coronary artery disease and venous thrombosis, although their main adverse effect is the risk of hemorrhage. In this study, we focused on the evaluation of several anticoagulant medications, including acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin®, Tromalyt®), clopidogrel (Plavix®, Iscover®), vitamin K antagonists such as Warfarin (Warfarine®, Marevan®), and NOACs such as Dabigatran (Pradaxa®), Rivaroxaban (Xarelto®), Edoxaban (Lixiana®) and Apixaban (Eliquis®). The importance of individualized planning in the dental treatment of these patients was highlighted. The objective of this study was to present safe protocols available for the dental management of patients using oral anticoagulants. An integrative literature review was carried out, carefully selecting national and international articles to analyze the influence of these medications on oral surgical procedures. Disagreements were found between authors, with some suggesting that suspending medication is not feasible due to the risks, while others emphasize an individualized approach, suspending medication if necessary, together with the doctor. It was concluded that the number of patients using anticoagulants is on the rise and, therefore, it is crucial that dental surgeons are prepared to provide safe care, thus minimizing the risk of bleeding complications.

Incidence of complications in peripherally inserted central catheters in ambulatory oncology patients

2024-03-02T17:32:35-03:00

Introduction: Intravenous therapy has become widely used in oncological treatments, such as for the administration of chemotherapy drugs, antibiotics, blood products, hydration, among others. Given this, devices for establishing an intravenous route have demonstrated great utility in oncology, including peripherally inserted central venous catheters, PICCs. Objective: to analyze the incidence of the main complications that contributed to the removal of PICC`s in the period from 2021 to 2022. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study, with a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory approach, based on data collected from a standardized instrument for controlling patient care. Results: the main reasons that led to the removal of catheters in the period analyzed, the end of treatment appears to be the most incident followed by infection. The total number of removals was 89 PICC`s, compared to the total number of insertions in the two years of 361 catheters. Infection was the main reason for removal associated with non-adherence to maintenance, corresponding to 30.7% in the 2021 group and 30% in 2022. Conclusion: there is a need for standardization of protocols related to the appropriate handling of the device by healthcare professionals. nursing, frequency of maintenance and guidance to patients and families.

Mortality trend of cholecystitis in the brazilian Northeast, from 2013 to 2022

2024-02-28T06:08:30-03:00

Cholelithiasis commonly remains asymptomatic, although the obstruction of the cystic duct can occur, generating symptoms. The objective of the study was to understand the epidemiological profile of individuals who died from cholecystitis in the Northeast region, from 2013 to 2022, and to comprehend the associated aspects of this mortality. This is an epidemiological, observational, descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, utilizing data from the Department of Information of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) via the Mortality Information System (SIM). The investigated variables included the number of deaths, mortality rate, gender, age group, race/ethnicity, marital status, and education level. The study identified a total of 3,847 deaths due to cholecystitis in the Northeast region, with a growing trend during the study period. The state of Bahia had the highest percentage (20.9%), and states with lower Human Development Index (HDI) exhibited lower mortality rates. Females predominated with 61.3%, and there was a prevalence of deaths in older age groups (62.8% for ages 70 to 79 and 80 years or older). Individuals of mixed race and white ethnicity accounted for 86.23% of the deaths, and married and widowed marital statuses also showed the highest values (61.27%). The analyzed data contribute to healthcare intervention, as access to information determines disease patterns in society, enabling the development of targeted and effective public policies.

The humanization of care in intensive care units

2024-03-22T07:54:18-03:00

Objective: To reflect on the benefits of humanizing nursing care in the ICU. Method: Integrative literature review, bibliographic study, carried out from August 2023 to February 2024 in the databases of the Virtual Health Library and the SCIELO Library, after filtering with full text, in the last 8 years, 2017 a 2024, and in English and Portuguese and, after the systematic analysis of two articles, 15 scientific products were selected that corroborated the objective of the study. Results: The data analytical process brought important results, such as the significance of understanding the importance of the confluence of the intimate professional-patient relationship which, when properly implemented, confirms the guidelines standardized by the National Humanization Policy: physical contact; Health education; empathetic, welcoming and hierarchical communication; acceptance of desires and fears not only of patients, but also of their families; enabling family integration of patients; individualized assistance to the specific needs of patients; promoting the maximum possible comfort; in addition to, above all, individual humanization of the professional. Conclusions: Therefore, we can say that humanization is an important tool in daily nursing practice, enabling reception, communication, acceptance of treatment, patient safety, contributing to efficient and quality care in Intensive Care Unit environments.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Prevalence and impact on the quality of life in university students

2024-02-25T07:02:40-03:00

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a very common clinical condition in gynecological and endocrinological practice, affecting 6 to 16% of women of reproductive age. The main clinical manifestations of this syndrome include the presence of hyperandrogenism, oligo-amenorrhea, and chronic anovulation. As a result of these manifestations, many women experience hirsutism, obesity, and may develop infertility, and these factors are directly related to the self-esteem and quality of life of individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome. Thus, the present study aimed to observe which manifestations are more prevalent and how they impact the quality of life of the observed group of female students. The research was conducted individually with 100 female students, over 18 years of age, who have polycystic ovary syndrome, enrolled in the 1st to 6th year of the medical course at the Faculdade de Medicina de Itajubá and the Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí, through a pre-formulated questionnaire sent via the "Google Forms" tool. The results obtained confirmed the initial hypothesis of the study, as the majority of participants reported that symptoms such as hirsutism, excess weight, menstrual disturbances, and fear of infertility directly affect their quality of life and self-esteem, leading to emotional symptoms and psychological disorders. The objective of the study was to observe the signs and symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and how they impact the quality of life of the participants. Therefore, this analysis is important so that new interventions can be suggested and implemented, improving treatment and ensuring a better quality of life for patients.

Evidence on the therapeutic use of melatonin in adults for improving sleep quality: Literature review

2024-03-01T16:50:30-03:00

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of therapeutic use of melatonin in adults, observing possible applications to ensure improvement in sleep quality. Methodology: It is a narrative review based on specialized literature, through consultation of books and scientific articles selected from the collection of the Central Library of the Federal University of Alfenas-MG, Alfenas campus, and databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, and Uptodate. Results and Discussion: The studies found on the use of exogenous melatonin support the hypothesis that there was an impact on sleep disorders in adults, resulting in an improvement in the sleep of the analyzed population in the raised articles, which addressed the effects and recommendations of melatonin for the treatment of various comorbidities. Conclusion: After the analysis and study of the presented articles, it is concluded that the therapeutic use of melatonin is plausible. It is effective in adults at low dosages during the night and for a short period, as there are few studies evaluating its effectiveness and side effects in long-term use. However, gaps in research on melatonin and its relationship with sleep quality were demonstrated when considering broader aspects such as age, gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, duration of use, among other factors.

Analysis of epidemiological, hospital and clinical characteristics of inflammatory bowel diseases in Brazil

2024-01-11T15:16:25-03:00

Introduction: The group of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has two main representatives: Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UR). IBD has a chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune nature, with a heterogeneous and difficult to differentiate clinic, marked by diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain. Objective: to analyze, in a quantitative and temporal way, the epidemiological characteristics of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis from January 2012 to August 2023. Methodology: a literature review was carried out, based on scientific articles from Scielo and Pubmed , using the descriptors Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and ileocolitis. Articles in Portuguese were included, published between 2000 and 2023. Furthermore, a descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out based on the SUS health information department (DATA/SUS) between January 2012 and August 2023, using the variables: hospital admissions, mortality rate, deaths, age group, color/race, sex, nature of care and health macro-region, average hospital stay. Conclusion: it was noted that IBD has been increasing in prevalence since the second half of the 20th century, presenting a long and relapsing clinical course and, therefore, representing an important public health problem.

The impacts that interfere with the quality of life of children with epilepsy: An integrative review

2024-02-27T09:01:02-03:00

To look at the scientific evidence on the impacts that interfere with the quality of life of children with epilepsy. Integrative review carried out on the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). The sample consisted of 10 primary studies, which were conducted between 2008 and 2023 and in Portuguese, Spanish and English. A descriptive method was used to analyze and synthesize the results.When observing the impacts mentioned in the literature, those related to learning stand out, including difficulty learning, memory and lack of attention, social impacts, such as relationships with friends and society, autonomy and the child's behavior; With regard to psychological impacts, those arising with epilepsy or those that begin after discovering the diagnosis due to difficulties and feelings predominate. Family impacts are evident, such as the protection and care that the family has, leading to overload and stress, resulting in a feeling of guilt felt by the child due to the reality experienced by the family. Given the impacts observed, the main ones are those related to school experience, social relationships, psychological and family aspects that are.

Futsal on the court – The value of the project

2024-03-22T07:54:10-03:00

Futsal is a sport, categorized as an invasion sport. Its characteristics originating from field football have attracted more and more supporters, whether as fans, spectators or practitioners. However, for the sport to enter the court, there will always be a cost, and in the case of federated competitions, the greater the competitiveness, the greater the need for financial support. The present study aims to identify and quantify the different financial needs and the real amount spent to put a futsal project into operation. The data was collected through a spreadsheet, listing each sector of the club and the amount invested in the season. Ten teams competing in League One from the state of Rio Grande do Sul and two teams from the state participating in the National League were evaluated. The main investments are the hiring of players (42%) and the technical committee (13% to 24.5%), while a team competing in the Liga Gaúcha invests R$ 855,959.00 ± 248,449.00 reais, with minimum values of R R$ 558,500.00 and a maximum of R$ 1,268,840.00, national league teams invest approximately R$ 2,726,940.00 each year, that is, the investment made in the Liga Gaúcha is equivalent to 31.4% of the amount invested for a team in the National League.

The Efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of COVID-19

2024-02-12T19:05:18-03:00

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a severe acute respiratory disease with high transmissibility. The pandemic originated in China in 2019 and resulted in symptoms ranging from mild to severe, particularly affecting individuals with comorbidities. The virus utilizes the "spike" protein to enter human cells, initiating a replication process that can lead to widespread infection in the body. The pandemic reached Brazil in 2020, prompting various governmental actions. With increasing cases, searches for treatments, including the use of azithromycin, became common. Azithromycin, an antibiotic, had its efficacy in COVID-19 debated, especially when combined with hydroxychloroquine. Divergent studies emphasized the need for caution due to potential adverse effects and bacterial resistance. This study aims to report and critically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin in treating COVID-19, providing evidence-based guidance.

Report of a series of cases of iatrogenic diseases treated in an emergency room of a public teaching hospital in western Paraná due to unsuccessful outpatient dental surgeries

2024-02-27T13:49:58-03:00

Introduction: Clinical surgical procedures are frequent in dental offices and should be performed with caution and responsibility since hemorrhages, hematomas, lesions in adjacent soft tissues, bone fractures, infections, and impairment of important anatomical structures may occur during these procedures. Objective: To analyze and report seven clinical cases in which iatrogenic events occurred and were treated at the University Hospital of Western Paraná (HUOP). In both cases, complications occurred due to failures in the execution of clinical procedures by dental surgeons. Case reports: The cases addressed in the present study are mandibular fractures resulting from extraction of the third molar and removal of the lower protocol for hygiene, postoperative hemorrhage caused by failure in the anamnesis and in the request for complementary tests, abscesses of odontogenic origin and a foreign body in the maxillary sinus after a simple extraction attempt. In all cases, it was possible to observe errors, either due to lack of prior planning, non-execution of a good clinical examination or insufficient execution of technique. Conclusion: The professional is responsible for properly planning the cases and executing them in order to ensure the patient's safety.

Hospitalizations for Pulmonary Embolism in Brazil (2019-2023): Epidemiology and Public Expenditure

2024-03-10T15:08:39-03:00

Objective: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized for pulmonary embolism in Brazil and its cost to the public sector. Methodology: A descriptive ecological study was conducted in January 2024 by analyzing data obtained from the Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS). Epidemiological and financial variables related to hospitalization for pulmonary embolism in Brazil between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed. Results and Discussion: A total of 55,439 cases of hospitalizations for PE were reported in Brazil during the analyzed period, with a notable increase in 2023. There was a discrepancy in the comparison of total hospitalization costs in all analyzed regions. The Southeast and South regions stood out regarding number of hospitalizations, total expenditures, and hospitalization rates per 100,000 inhabitants. The analysis of these variables reveals vast inequality in access to the healthcare system among Brazilian regions. Conclusion: The development of public policies for equity in hospital resources, standardization of medical procedures, and prevention of pulmonary embolism is crucial, along with the promotion of new research. This is expected to enhance healthcare by ensuring early diagnosis and timely treatment, aiming to reduce hospitalizations, length of stay, mortality, and public spending.

Analysis of factors for the development of childhood obesity as a measure for its prevention

2024-03-19T06:29:03-03:00

Objective: To present the main causes of the development of childhood obesity and ways to mitigate the growth of this disease. Method: An integrative literature review was carried out in March 2024, using the descriptors “Indicators of Quality of Life”, “Pediatric Obesity” and “Risk”, through the PubMed and VHL databases. Results and Discussions: Some conditions are intrinsically related to the development of childhood obesity, such as behavioral, environmental, biological and genetic factors. Among these, the practice of inadequate eating habits was seen as the most influential factor in the occurrence of this disease. Furthermore, a trial called ToyBox showed that sedentary habits, such as watching television and playing electronic games, encourage the consumption of high-calorie foods. Others have observed that there has been a decline in physical fitness levels in children and adolescents around the world, and that this condition is directly proportional to the increase in metabolic risk in this age group. Finally, relating the dimensions of sleep and the risk of childhood overweight or obesity, it was shown that poor sleep habits from the age of 1 increase the risk of developing obesity in the long term. Final Considerations: Therefore, childhood obesity is a disease that can cause numerous chronic and serious problems not only during childhood but also during adult life. The development of this condition is related to factors that can be modified.

Considerations on the management of gastroesophageal varices resulting from portal hypertension

2024-03-06T14:43:37-03:00

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is currently the leading cause of portal hypertension, which is a clinical condition with many pathophysiological consequences. In this sense, the approach to gastroesophageal varices resulting from this condition represents a clinical entity of great relevance to the medical scenario. Objectives: The objetive of this study was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of esophageal varices resulting from portal hypertension, building knowledge based on case reports and knowledge based on the literature. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative literature review on the general clinical characteristics of esophageal varices. The PICO strategy was used to develop the guiding question. In addition, the descriptors "Esophageal Varices"; "Portal Hypertension"; "Propaedeutics" were cross-referenced in the National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Ebscohost, Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Results and Discussion: A significant proportion of the articles showed that variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding results from the alterations caused by portal hypertension and that it must be managed incisively in order to improve the patient's prognosis. Conclusion: It was possible to see that the management of digestive hemorrhage has to be started as early as possible, with the need to stabilize the patient with active bleeding. In addition, the use of vasoactive drugs and prophylactic antibiotic therapy are indicated in association with endoscopic treatment, which should be the first line of choice.

The impact of bariatric surgery on remission and complications of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2024-02-25T07:02:28-03:00

Introduction: Bariatric surgery (BS) has proven to be a great ally not only in the treatment of obesity but also of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), due to its various impacts on glucose homeostasis. The most studied surgeries in terms of efficacy and safety are Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD), and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of different BS techniques on the remission of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and on micro and macrovascular complications. Methodology: This is an integrative review about the impact of BS on DM2. Data from the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) were used, crossing the descriptors "Bariatric Surgery", "Diabetes Mellitus", "Complications", and "Remission", to answer the question formulated through the PICO strategy. Results and Discussion: RYGB and SG stand out in DM2 remission rates, with similar statistics, especially in the long term. The impact on macrovascular complications is positive, especially in the incidence of cardiovascular events. Regarding microvascular complications, the positive impact of BS on diabetic nephropathy stands out, while evidence regarding diabetic retinopathy is still inconclusive. Conclusion: Factors that improve BS outcomes should be taken into account, such as patient age, duration of the disease, and HbA1c levels. Even after remission, continuous nutritional, physical, and glycemic monitoring should be maintained.

Omega 3 in reducing disease and increasing longevity: A literature review

2024-03-19T20:22:59-03:00

The present study presents a literature review on omega-3 fatty acids and their impact on health and longevity. Due to the increased interest in health promotion and healthy aging, omega-3 fatty acids have gained a large role in society due to their diverse benefits. These acids, not synthesized by the body, are acquired from the diet and stand out for their anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects, making them promising targets for nutritional interventions. The review analyzed 58 articles over the last 5 years, using the National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database. The results reveal that omega-3 is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, with beneficial effects on blood pressure, triglycerides and endothelial function. Furthermore, they demonstrate powerful anti- inflammatory effects, even influencing conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. In the nervous system, it stands out for its neuroprotective effects, related to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive improvement. Although benefits for bone health were observed, the review highlights the need for more research, recognizing limitations in studies such as heterogeneity in research methods. The direct relationship between omega-3 and longevity demands specific, long-term investigations. In conclusion, this article highlights omega-3 as a promising intervention for promoting health and increasing longevity, suggesting its inclusion in the diet, but highlighting the continued importance of research to consolidate these findings.

Application of BIM methodology in construction planning: Case study

2024-03-18T18:47:53-03:00

A construção civil está em constante evolução devido aos avanços tecnológicos, tornando a metodologia tradicional de elaboração de projetos em 2D obsoleta diante da demanda do mercado. Surge o Building Information Modeling (BIM), uma nova metodologia que integra informações em todas as etapas da construção, eliminando incompatibilidades e trazendo benefícios ao planejamento. Este estudo visa aprofundar a compreensão sobre como o BIM pode otimizar o planejamento de obras, melhorando a coordenação e a qualidade do processo de construção como um todo. O trabalho inicia com um roteiro detalhado para implementação do BIM desde a concepção até o planejamento, abrangendo modelagem e quantificação. Critérios de quantificação essenciais foram identificados, analisando as composições orçamentárias do Sistema Nacional de Pesquisa de Custos e Índices da Construção Civil (SINAPI). Exploram-se as inter-relações entre as composições do SINAPI e a modelagem 3D no Autodesk Revit, destacando como o BIM beneficia o processo de construção. Para o planejamento, utilizou-se o Microsoft Project como ferramenta auxiliar fundamental no contexto do BIM para um gerenciamento eficiente. Conclui-se que empregar o BIM no Planejamento de Obras proporciona inúmeras vantagens, ressaltando a importância da difusão do sistema BIM na construção civil para melhores resultados nos aspectos econômico, social e ambiental.

Reliability-centered maintenance: Implementation of an improvement made to the blade rotation reducers of a fleet of motor graders at a mining company against premature breakdowns

2024-02-29T07:12:45-03:00

The present work aimed to implement an engineering solution to treat failures of the blade rotation reducing component, minimizing costs and increasing the reliability of a fleet of motor graders in a large mining company, located in the Alto Paraopeba region, in Minas Gerais. To achieve the proposed objective, the action research methodology was applied, with the close participation of the researcher. The data collection process began in January 2022. In addition to the main author's participant observation, historical data was found from January 2018 to January 2022, relating to breakdowns and maintenance costs of swing reducers of the blade. After implementing the improvement in the preload procedure for motor grader blade rotation reducers, in 2022, it was found that there was no early breakdown of the component until the research was completed, increasing the availability and reliability of the equipment and the significantly reducing maintenance costs. As a result, it was possible to avoid the breakdown of approximately 25 speed reducers and avoid the disbursement of R$ 2.656.554,06, on average per year. It can be said that it achieved the objectives proposed in the article, since it was possible to completely eliminate unexpected stops due to breakage of the swing reducers with the application of the new preload procedure.

Analysis of environmental impacts in the construction of a photovoltaic plant at the Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Brazil

2024-03-05T10:25:56-03:00

The use of solar energy has been increasing its space in the energy matrix. Brazil has great potential for applications using photovoltaic energy. This potential is not fully explored. Due to this, this research aims to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the production, implementation, operation and maintenance of a 1 MW photovoltaic plant implemented in the Academic Unit located in Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brasil, one of the branches of the of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The Control List Method ("checklist") was used to identify and qualitatively evaluate the most relevant impacts. The environmental assessment of the plant identified that the biggest impact in the planning phase was the attraction of people, due to the publicity of the project. In the implementation phase, deforestation and soil movement stood out, while visual pollution and the increase in the supply of electricity were the main impacts in the operation phase.

Gypsum slurries to apply in oil well: An insight into thickening time

2024-03-06T05:54:24-03:00

Gypsum is widely used in the construction industry, especially as a hydraulic binder. Studies have indicated the use of α-HH gypsum as an alternative material to Portland Cement in oilwell cementing operations, highlighting the reduction in environmental impacts from the reduction of Portland Cement. Calcium Sulphate α-Hemihydrate (CaSO₄ . ½ H₂O) has been shown to be a promising material to replace Portland Cement in some applications. The hydration of gypsum pastes goes through the process of saturation of the medium with Ca⁺² and SO₄^-2 ions, then the physical phenomenon of crystallization, and finally the phenomenon of hardening, where the crystals formed precipitate producing Dihydrate (CaSO₄ . 2H₂O). Gypsum pastes harden very quickly, and their pumpability is impaired with thickening times of less than 20 minutes. For applications requiring longer pumpability times, the use of retarding additives is necessary. This research studied the effects of retarding additives in α-HH gypsum paste systems by varying the water-gypsum factor (FAG 0.4; 0.5 and 0.6) using a pressurized consistometer, under conditions of 54 °C and 9500 psi, with the aim of obtaining formulations with admissible thickening times for oil well cementing applications. The results showed that it was possible to develop paste systems with varying thickening times, with intervals of more than 120 minutes. The 0.5 FAG system proved to be more stable at the same retarder concentrations when compared to the 0.4 and 0.6 FAG systems.

The new industrial revolution: Information technology as enabler of mass customization

2024-02-21T17:27:54-03:00

The work aims to show a vision of modern industry based on the concept of mass production and its evolution over time. Using a qualitative methodology, we start from the beginnings of the creation of the assembly line by Henry Ford, where he sought to maximize production resources by restricting as much as possible variations in manufacturing processes and items offered, through total quality systems where production processes are more flexible to guarantee the consistency of results. Finally, today's flexible manufacturing is presented, where customers' desires and needs reign unchallenged. Information technology through its digital control and supervision systems is presented as an enabling tool for this new industrial revolution. Brazil must make strong advances in this technology to have a world-class industrial park again.

Water quality analysis of Lagoa do Japiim, Manaus - Amazonas

2024-03-12T16:22:51-03:00

Several aquatic environments, including urban lagoons, are being eutrophicated due to human occupation and sewage disposal. Lagoa do Japiim, located in the city of Manaus-Amazonas, has been degraded for decades by human action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of Lagoa do Japiim through resolution N°357 of the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) of March 17, 2005. Parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, color, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chloride, nitrate and sulfate were measured at the initial and final points of the lagoon. The values found for color, dissolved oxygen and sulfate analyzes did not comply the standard required by legislation for class 2 water bodies, with the sulfate anion being the one that showed the highest degree of anthropization. Furthermore, the results obtained at the initial and final points of the lagoon revealed that both are heavily polluted. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of monitoring the water quality of urban lagoons, as these changes can compromise both aquatic biodiversity and supervision, aquaculture, fishing and primary contact activities.

Analysis of the pathological manifestations and efficiency of four reinforced concrete and metallic structure bridges located in the Vila Ildemar neighborhood, Municipality of Açailândia, State of Maranhão (MA), Brazil

2024-01-22T06:46:11-03:00

The aim of this article is to analyze the efficiency and highlight possible pathological manifestations apparent in four bridges comprising reinforced concrete and metal structures, located in the Vila Ildemar neighborhood in the municipality of Açailândia, Maranhão State (MA), Brazil. The research makes a detailed investigation of possible failures and damages identified in the structures through a case study, with a special emphasis on the identification and characterization of pathological manifestations. In addition, it evaluates the structural efficiency of the pontoons, by means of visual technical analysis and ultrasonic testing, highlighting aspects related to the quality and integrity of the pontoons and their performance in general, bringing to light the factors that may be causing the problems, providing valuable information for public managers and others interested in preserving and improving the local road infrastructure. Based on the results obtained, we can demonstrate possible solutions and improvements to mitigate and prevent future problems, as well as showing the quality of the concrete as a function of the speed of propagation of the ultrasonic wave, according to the data obtained in the test.

Use of the rapid molecular test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis among homeless people: Scoping protocol

2024-03-18T18:47:58-03:00

This article presents the protocol for a scoping review, which aims to identify the impact of using the rapid molecular test for diagnosing tuberculosis among homeless people. The research question was formulated using the acronym PCC (population, concept and context): "What is the impact of using the rapid molecular test to diagnose tuberculosis among homeless people?". Controlled and free vocabularies will be used for the bibliographic survey in the following databases: EMBASE, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cinahl, Academic Search Premier, LILACS, Web of Science, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, as well as Google Scholar. After the searches, the data will be exported to the Rayyan QCRI application, through which it will be possible to exclude duplicate publications and select the publications by having the titles and abstracts read by two independent reviewers. In a second selection stage, the eligible publications will be read in full. Before and after studies and time series studies will be included, as well as analytical observational studies, qualitative studies and opinion studies. The evidence presented will respond directly to the guiding question and the objective of the review and will be presented through a narrative synthesis, which, where appropriate, will be accompanied by tabulated results and/or graphs, which will map or describe the results found.

Nutritional status of people experiencing homelessness: Scoping review protocol

2024-03-13T06:05:10-03:00

The present study is a scoping review protocol whose objective is to identify and map the existing scientific production on the nutritional status of people experiencing homelessness. This protocol will follow the methodological steps proposed by the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis and was prepared in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR Checklist and Explanation. The search for studies of interest will be carried out in the databases PubMed, Lilacs, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of science, CINHAL, PsycINFO and JSTOR and the investigation of gray literature will initially take place using Google Scholar. The findings will be exported to the EndNote reference manager and, later, to the Rayyan Software where the selection of studies will be carried out - by two independent reviewers -, according to the inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted using a form developed by the authors and will be displayed using tables and/or charts and analyzed in a descriptive way. From the mapping of what currently exists in the scientific literature on the nutritional status of the homeless population, the aim is to synthesize such knowledge and give visibility to the issues of this population, enabling future research on this topic.

Colorectal câncer, intestinal microbiota and antineoplastic therapy: Scoping review protocol

2024-03-09T16:03:20-03:00

Objective: To map protective factors related to the intestinal microbiota of adult colorectal cancer patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy. Methodology: Scoping review protocol carried out from January to June 2023, according to the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Synthesis, in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist, following the steps proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute: identifying the research question, the relevant studies, selecting the studies and mapping the data. The mnemonic PCC (population, concept and context) determined the research question: What are the protective factors for the intestinal microbiota of adult colorectal cancer patients undergoing intravenous chemotherapy? The acronym PCC was used for data collection, which took place from January to June 2023. The following sources of information were included: Lilacs/Virtual Health Library, Medline/PubMed, Embase and Scopus, Web of Science, COCHRANE, CINAHL and Academic Search Premier, Food Science Source and Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Google Scholar and the CAPES Theses & Dissertations Catalog, published in all languages and with no time limit. The selection was carried out by two independent reviewers and any discrepancies were assessed by a third reviewer. The data was extracted using a collection tool developed by the authors after a pilot test. The data will be presented in accordance with the objectives and research questions. Registration of the review in the Open Science Framework-OSF.IO/Y2U6V.

Family nurses workload assessment instruments: Scoping review protocol

2024-03-01T06:29:52-03:00

Objetives: Map the known evidence to characterize the instruments used to assess nursing workload of family nurses. Methods: Scoping review, guided by the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting scoping reviews, consisting of 3 research stages: 1) initial research in Medline and CINHAL; 2) extended search, using keywords and search terms, in the following databases: JBI, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, Cochrane and Scopus; 3) Search the references of selected articles. No time limit is defined. Results: With this scoping review we intend to present a broad mapping of studies that use instruments to evaluate family nurse’s workload. Conclusion: Mapping the available evidence on the instruments used to assess the workload of family nurses, will contribute to the dissemination of available evidence on the topic and will allow for the identification of gaps in the literature.

Learning focuses: Its validation through a questionnaire

2024-03-25T15:53:20-03:00

The objective of this article is to bring the results of a questionnaire validation process designed to reveal evidence of the presence of the Learning Focuses on the answers provided by participants in scientific events. The preparation of the questionnaire began with a survey of the productions published regarding Learning Focuses, which provided us with a period from 2012, the first publication identified, to 2021, when we ended the searches. To interpret the twenty-eight selected articles, we used the methodological procedures indicated by Content Analysis, looking for the expressions used to characterize the Focuses. Such expressions were organized into emerging categories, represented by words or phrases, which later formed five distinct questionnaires, one for each Focus: Interest, Knowledge, Reflection, Community, and Identity. The questionnaire was validated through Exploratory Factor Analysis based on the answers given by 188 participants, resulting in five factors, which demonstrated high factor loadings associated with the corresponding items, aligning with the theory of the respective Learning Focuses. The results indicate that the questionnaire presents exploratory evidence of validity and an adequate internal structure to assess the presence of Learning Focuses. Each Focus can be described by specific indicators based on scientific productions related to the topic. Consequently, the developed instrument offers a viable alternative to the semi-structured interview to assess the presence of Focuses on scientific events.

Development of pilot plants for engineering education

2024-03-20T06:08:02-03:00

The rapid changes in social interactions and the easy access to information brought by technological advances require that professors rethink and rebuild teaching to maintain its quality. Active methodologies have been used to ensure the development of essential skills in professionals to deal with the current challenges and demands of the job market. This study presents the use of active project-based methodologies with undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. This study aims to report on the implementation of a pilot plant for the causticizing stage of the pulp and paper Kraft Process and the development of two prototypes of industrial sludge drying equipment using solar energy and to evaluate the impact of the activities on the professional training of the people involved and the development of skills and competencies expected of engineering professionals according to the National Curriculum Guidelines, such as the ability to work in teams. The students could apply their technical knowledge in real situations in an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary collaborative environment that encourages the resolution of complex engineering problems innovatively, with a holistic and humanistic vision that also considers social and sustainable aspects. They also demonstrated increased motivation and experienced the connection between industry and academia, which is essential to demonstrate the applicability of the techniques learned during the courses.

Use of the Arduino platform in the teaching/learning process of electricity fundamentals in physics

2024-03-04T18:54:04-03:00

In this paper, a proposal is presented for using the Arduino platform in the teaching/learning process of fundamentals of electricity in Physics. Physics teaching has faced difficulties, which can sometimes be structural or even cultural. The difficulty comes structurally from the way the teaching of this subject was designed and also due to the lack of structure. And the cultural difficulty comes from the rigid way of teaching Physics, where the teacher is always the holder of all knowledge and the students only mechanize the process through reproduction. In this sense, the active methodology presents itself as a possibility for a paradigm shift, where the student becomes the protagonist and active participant, bringing several benefits. Therefore, the proposal of this work is to carry out the application of classes with active methodology with the help of the Arduino board to teach Physics to high school students, and subsequently carry out an evaluation with qualitative/quantitative research. The results obtained are superior, and it is noteworthy that 99% of students recommend more classes as in Physics subjects, and 100% of students evaluated the active methodology as having good potential in relation to the traditional methodology.

Redefining Teaching Planning: Innovations and curriculum adjustments intimes of change

2024-02-22T13:54:22-03:00

The general objective of this research is to analyze the updating of teaching planning taking into account the changes made in the curricular adaptation in an educational center in the Dominican Republic. This study is focused on the positivist paradigm with a field-level descriptive quantitative approach. To carry out the investigation, the total population of active teachers at the center was selected, in this case 12 teachers belonging to the different curricular areas. The technique used to collect information is the survey, the instrument was the questionnaire, which is made up of 15 items with answers of several alternatives. To analyze the data and obtain the relative and absolute frequency and generate the graphs, descriptive statistics are used, using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. It concluded that there is an identification in the transformations carried out to update teaching planning and the changes made to the Dominican curriculum. Additionally, the contribution to the improvement of pedagogical practice and student performance, aligning pedagogical actions with the interests and needs of teachers in the school institution.

Amazonas Academic League for Rare Diseases as a tool for knowledge and dissemination of rare diseases: Experience report

2024-03-21T15:04:48-03:00

Academic leagues are university extension project activities aimed at complementing academic training. In that regard, the Amazonas Academic League of Rare Diseases emerged with the aim of bringing to academics at the Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus and Coari campuses, knowledge and dissemination of information about rare diseases. The objective was to report the process of activities carried out by the Amazonas Academic League for Rare Diseases. Research was carried out with a descriptive, qualitative approach of the experience report type. LADORAM was founded in 2022 and is linked to the Federal University of Amazonas. LADORAM has academic leaders from Medicine, Biological Sciences, Biotechnology, Nursing and Nutrition and professors from the areas of Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pediatrics as well as doctors from different specialized areas. Everyone participated in meetings via Google Meet to present seminars on rare diseases. There were publications of simple and expanded summaries and the implementation of various actions. Therefore, the activities carried out and experienced by LADORAM were essential for disseminating and raising awareness about rare diseases, as well as providing early contact with rare diseases, in order to understand the proportions they reach. In this way, they brought benefits to academics by sharing knowledge in a critical and responsible way.

Reading and writing in the early grades of elementary school: Challenges and learning in two schools in the municipality of Belém, Pará State (PA), Brazil

2024-03-06T14:43:37-03:00

When we start learning to read and write, we depend on a complex integration of linguistic, neuropsychological and intellectual factors, as well as affective and socio-environmental factors. In the early years of school life, reading and writing are essential tools for a child's all-round development. From the authors' perspective, there is a need not only for activities related to literacy, but also for different themes and practices to be discussed and contextualized in school spaces. We report here on the experience of educational practices carried out in the project "Reading and Writing in the early grades of elementary school" in two public schools in Belém-Pará. Pedagogical practices were developed in which students performed various readings and sequenced words through games, games and playful dynamics. Topics related to reading and writing were discussed in the classroom, providing students with practical learning in a fun and meaningful way to improve their knowledge of these topics. The activities developed are essential for the development of literacy and promote new teaching practices that enhance learning.

Use of active recall among medical students: A cross-sectional study

2024-02-26T06:40:54-03:00

Introduction: Medical knowledge is constantly evolving. The retention of information, aiming for long-term maintenance, is essential, but many are not aware of or have difficulties in applying efficient study techniques. The practice of active retrieval can improve learning, but students often do not use it effectively. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and use of active study techniques by medical students at a University Center in Ceará. Material and methods: A quantitative observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023, with students from the first four years of a Medicine course at a University Center in the state of Ceará. In addition to demographic data, there were questions related to the use of active study methods and their perceived efficiency. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institution. Results: 379 responses were analyzed. Most were in the fifth to seventh semesters (53.8%). Approximately 72% were familiar with active study methods, but 51.5% had not received guidance on the subject during their graduation. The most and least used study techniques were identified, and students preferred to use passive study techniques. Conclusion: There is a disconnect between the use of active and passive study techniques. Many still adopt less efficient approaches (passive techniques) and lack knowledge about active methods. Understanding active retrieval in medical education could allow for greater retention of knowledge by students.

Hospital psychology and palliative care in cancer patients

2024-02-21T17:31:14-03:00

Introduction: The present study deals with hospital psychology, in the face of hospital grief pain and palliative care performed by the multidisciplinary nursing team, highlighting the role of the psychology professional. According to the (IBGE, 2020) life expectancy has increased to 74 years. In Brazil, 11.8% of the population is elderly, about 23 million people, corroborating the increase in chronic diseases, one of which is cancer. Mainly uterine (CC). Objective: To identify the competencies of the nursing team and the hospital psychologist that are of great importance in the care of cancer patients in palliative care, to describe the role of nursing in women's health care in Brazil. Supporting the characters in this scenario, helping the patient and caregivers to solve pending issues and emotions when experiencing their own finitude. And, thus, allow the patient to have a better quality end of life. Methodology: This is an exploratory-descriptive and qualitative bibliographic research. Scientific publications indexed in the Scielo, Google Scholar, LILACS and Database databases, accessed through the Virtual Library in Health and Psychology, in Jan 2024, were evaluated. Following the inclusion criteria, seven studies published between 2018 and 2023 were selected. Results and Discussion: The data were submitted to content analysis. The articles were described in three categories: 1) the perception of the nursing team; 2) the patient's difficulties; and 3) the actions of the hospital psychologist. The importance of the role of the nursing team and the psychologist in the palliative care of cancer patients was highlighted. Emphasizing that patients and family members should actively participate in the treatment, strengthening bonds of trust and communication. Conclusion: Palliative care is structured as a new form of death management. It was highlighted that the role of the nurse goes far beyond providing care to women during their hospitalization or outpatient treatment. Thus, as the psychologist with patients in the face of finitude. It was also noticed that women often receive late diagnosis and the support of beliefs in the course of treatment.

Access to education: The challenges of school transportation in the rural area of the municipality of Apiacá/ES

2024-03-21T06:45:08-03:00

The study addresses school transportation as a means of access and retention in education in rural areas. The aim was to analyze the quality of school transportation provided by the public entities of Apiacá/ES and its effectiveness in meeting the needs of the local community. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, which used interviews with six participants, document review, and observation in a school unit in the rural area of the municipality. The results show that the conditions of the unpaved roads in the region represent a significant challenge that impacts the quality of school transportation in Apiacá/ES, especially in the Batatal Community. Logistic challenges, related to the efficient management of resources in a municipality of reduced dimensions, influence punctuality and school attendance rates. Given this, the resources of the PNATE become essential in financing and maintaining school transportation in rural areas of small communities.

Analysis of the effects of Suframa tax incentives on the performance of companies in the Manaus Free Zone

2024-02-27T06:28:00-03:00

The general objective of this study is to analyze the impact of tax incentives granted by SUFRAMA on the performance of companies operating in the Manaus Free Trade Zone. And these are specific objectives: to identify which tax incentives are promoted by SUFRAMA for companies in the Manaus Industrial Pole; highlight how incentives can be instruments of economic development and their contribution to regional sustainability; and finally, discuss the performance of organizations in the face of tax incentives. The research methodology is a bibliographical study, with a qualitative approach and descriptive research. The results highlighted the importance of SUFRAMA tax incentives as catalysts for economic growth and industrial diversification in the Manaus Free Zone, emphasizing their role in attracting investments and strengthening the local business environment. These incentives not only boost the competitiveness and technological advancement of established companies, but also promote sustainability and social well-being by encouraging efficient and ecological production practices. The effectiveness of these incentives, however, varies between sectors and companies, suggesting the need for careful management to ensure that the benefits are fairly distributed and are in harmony with the region's sustainable development and social inclusion objectives. Therefore, the analysis concludes that SUFRAMA's tax incentives are fundamental to boost the economic and technological development of the Manaus Free Zone.

Curriculum policies and teacher training: Between reformist perspectives and possibilities in a democratic context

2024-02-20T06:33:40-03:00

The work sought to analyze the proposals for educational reforms based on the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC), their developments, changes in the curriculum and teacher training in the neoliberal context. Thus, we are anchored in the studies of Ball, Apple, Arroyo, Aguiar and Dourado, to understand the reformist kinesis in education and its relationship with the imperatives of economic policies, which disregards the culture and diversity of public schools, the real needs and conditions of educational establishments. Methodologically, the research presents a qualitative approach. Objectively it is exploratory, and documentary in terms of sources, as we intend to understand the phenomenon from now on in the sociopolitical context. Therefore, we point out the devaluation of the experiences of professionals who worked at the school, understanding the BNCC as a homogeneous, prescriptive and (re)producing document of inequalities. Thus, it was observed that there is a discrepancy between what the document requires and the reality of Brazilian public schools. However, following the change in the political context, there was an opening for dialogue and discussion about the need to revoke the BNC-Formação.

Moral development in students with high abilities: State of knowledge from 2002 to 2022

2024-03-08T06:34:13-03:00

From an early age, children with high abilities show signs of high moral sensitivity. These children, as well as showing an advanced ability to think about abstract ideas such as justice and fairness, can also show superior performance in one or more areas, in isolation or in combination, when compared to students of the same age group, grade and environmental experiences. The general objective was to describe and characterize the state of knowledge on the moral development of students with high abilities. To this end, an integrative literature review was carried out in five electronic databases from 2002 to 2022 (Periódico CAPES, Sage Journal, Eric, Psycinfo and LILACS). The following results were found: i. In total, 14 articles were selected, which indicates a shortage of scientific publications on this subject; ii. quantitative tests for assessing moral development were the most commonly used instruments for assessing moral development in students with high abilities; iii. two theories of moral development were used in studies to explain the moral development of people with high abilities: Piaget's theory and Kohlberg's theory, the latter being cited in international studies and the former in national studies; and iv. the need for educational interventions for the moral development of students with high abilities. The conclusion is that it is necessary to promote scientific research on this subject, as meeting the emotional and educational needs of children with high abilities and the inclusion of this special education group in school depends on the knowledge accumulated by scientific studies.

Perceptions and practices of psychologists experts in the field of domestic and family violence against women

2024-03-18T06:52:15-03:00

This study aimed to investigate how the practices that psychologists experts develop in the field of domestic and family violence against women are characterized and which are the perceptions they present about their performance. This is a qualitative, cross-sectional and exploratory research. The participants were six psychologists experts who work in Courts of Domestic and Family Violence against Women in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Semistructured interviews were performed and analyzed using content analysis. The results indicate that the professionals have conceptions in line with the literature on the repercussions of gender roles in the phenomenon of violence against women. However, they consider that the cyclical dynamics of this phenomenon has secondary importance, favoring individual issues of those involved in the situation of violence for the understanding of the cases. The psychologists' previous experiences seem to contribute to qualify their expert performance. On the other hand, a lack of convergence was found among the participants about the knowledge that underlies their practical. Judicial determinations for assessment usually occur during the implementation of urgent protective measures and predominantly involve the evaluation of male perpetrators of violence. The interview was referred to as the main evaluative procedure used in the assessments. Finally, while the intersectoral actions articulated with the service network for women seem promising, the care for men remains challenging. The findings of this study provide contributions on theoretical and technical aspects that can be prioritized in training that seeks to qualify the psychological assessments carried out in this area.

Aesthetics and Food Waste: Understanding fruit and vegetable consumer preferences and choices

2024-03-14T07:24:06-03:00

The central objective of this article is to understand the relationship between aesthetics, consumption and food waste, notably fruits, vegetables and greens (FVs) and how this determines both consumption patterns and waste of these foods. And also, as a secondary objective, to point out some ways to reevaluate current consumption patterns and establish new ones, aiming to minimize the waste of FVs. Through a narrative literature review covering the areas of philosophy, arts, consumer sciences (marketing, consumer behavior, etc.), food sciences and history, primarily, and sociology, economics and psychology, secondary, the article uses the aesthetic categories of beauty and ugly, perfect and imperfect, as well as the concept of aesthetic judgment to complete a brief historical journey of aesthetics, and not only understand consumer preferences and choices for FVs considered “beautiful” and aesthetically perfect, as well as the consequences of such preferences and choices on social well-being and the environment. Using the concepts of “everyday aesthetics” and “imperfectionist aesthetics”, as well as “food artevism” and “gastropolitics”, the work explores the potential of art and gastronomy to, through aesthetic experience, highlight ethical issues related to food consumption and waste, with the aim of contributing to rethinking rigid and stereotypical concepts and standards.

Rural settlements in Brazil: Agrarian policies and their implications

2024-03-09T16:07:27-03:00

This article focuses on rural settlements in Brazil. It aims to analyze the models of rural settlements, according to data from the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform. It questions the implications of the country's agrarian policies for the settlers. Its hypothesis is that the organization of settlements should be based on the implementation of collective practices that promote the union, strengthening and social development of the group. The methodology used in this study was qualitative, reflective with a theoretical-social and exploratory focus, focusing on regional development, public policies and work. It relied on secondary sources. In order to systematize the data, the research was divided into three stages: pre-analysis of the data; study of the material; subsequent treatment of the results, inference and interpretation. It uses the science of history as a method for grasping facts in their entirety, based on the contradiction between productive forces and relations of production. The results show that in the collective organization model, once settled, the families fight and work together to achieve diversified food production, restore the balance of the environment, as well as the restitution and protection of the social and economic rights of all rural workers. He concludes that this collective organization, while enabling the resolution of internal problems, builds effective responses to external challenges.

Encountering the other in literature: The Borges face to face

2024-03-13T13:19:20-03:00

In Comparative Literature, the relationships between authors and works do not start from the original-copy dichotomy, because just as the role of the author and the artistic work itself has been modified over time, the way in which writing and reading are correlated has undergone a reevaluation. In this way, textual creation is understood as dependent on transit in foreign libraries, which allows textual elements to be appropriated and given new meanings within the new context of production. Thus, the present work, carried out using the qualitative bibliographic methodology of Comparative Literature, aims to discuss the appropriation of the authorial image of Jorge Luís Borges by the author Antônio Fernando Borges in the short story Com toda certeza, quem sabe. Studies by Namorato (2011), Bakhtin (2022), Jobim (2020), among others, were used as theoretical support. The result was the understanding that through inclusion in someone else's library, an author-reader can be classified as a literary anthropophagist, since he carries out processes of swallowing the artistic food of his predecessor to construct his writing, which is distinct and, at the same time, time, close to the other for aesthetic and authorial reasons. In view of this, it was concluded that by resuming Borgean writing techniques, as is the case of (self) fictionalization, Antônio Fernando Borges inserts himself in literature as an author-reader than Jorge Luis Borges and also as a propagator of the echoing literary voice by the argentine author.

School mini-garden as tools for environmental education at the Santo Antônio municipal school, Grajaú, State of Maranhão (MA), Brazil

2024-02-28T13:33:38-03:00

Environmental Education plays an important role in the interaction between society and nature. Thus, the object of study of this work was the implementation of a mini-garden at Escola Municipal Santo Antônio, Grajaú-MA. The objective of the research was to investigate the potential of the mini-garden as an educational tool to promote environmental education, encouraging students to grow and consume healthy food. The research's methodological approaches were qualitative research and action research, using participant observation, the application of closed questionnaires and the practice of didactic sequences as ways of obtaining data. The results indicate that students at the researched school recognize the importance of preserving nature and the environment, demonstrating the effectiveness of the mini-garden as an educational tool in promoting environmental and interdisciplinary education, in which students can explore scientific and empirical concepts, and, add issues related to healthy eating. The Environmental Education approach based on the interaction of theory and practice stimulates students' interest and makes learning more meaningful. In this context, the students surveyed were motivated and willing to participate in activities related to the implementation of the mini-garden. Therefore, this study highlights the relevance of Environmental Education in the training of individuals, highlighting the importance of the school mini-garden as an instrument for teaching and learning and for socio-environmental awareness.

Copper (Cu): Reactivity, coordination compounds and biological action

2024-03-05T10:26:02-03:00

Copper (Cu) is one of the metals most used by human beings and its use, in the most diverse applications, goes back ancient times. Presenting a relatively high redox versatility (more than three (3) possible oxidation states with significant stability: Cu(I); Cu(II); Cu(III); and Cu(IV)), it is found mainly in oxidation states +1 (cuprous ion, Cu(I)) and +2 (cupric ion, Cu(II)). Copper (Cu) presents an extremely rich and varied coordination chemistry, starting with the significant differences found in the possible geometries for its respective metallic complexes. Cu(I) has a d¹⁰ electronic configuration, while Cu(II) has a d⁹ configuration and Cu(III) constitutes a d⁸ configuration. These three (3) distinct electronic configurations represent predispositions to different metal complex geometries (tetrahedral, distorted octahedral and planar quadratic, respectively). It also stands out for being one of the main transition metals in the biological environment, with special action in active sites of highly relevant metalloproteins, such as hemocyanins and blue copper proteins (Cu). The aim of this work is to present an introdutory study on the chemistry of copper (Cu), with special attention to its bioinorganic chemistry, especially the structure-function relationship of copper metalloproteins (Cu), through "Narrative Literature Review". In this way this article presents the chemistry of Copper (Cu), initiating from the fundamental properties of this element, commenting the copper (Cu) characteristics as coordination center, and finalizing with relevant examples of the copper (Cu) action in the biological medium, especially acting as active site of proteins.

Effectiveness of whitening toothpastes: A review of the literature

2024-03-02T06:44:58-03:00

To carry out tooth whitening, whitening techniques carried out in the office, home whitening and the use of whitening toothpastes stand out. The latter has several agents in its composition that act through chemical, optical and abrasive mechanisms, including: peroxides, blue covarina, abrasives and activated carbon. The study aimed to carry out a bibliographical survey on the effectiveness of whitening toothpastes currently available. This is an integrative review that used the databases Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The descriptors used were “Toothpastes”, “Tooth Whitening”, “Effectiveness” and “Dental Abrasion” and the Boolean operators associated with the descriptors were AND and OR. A total of 13 articles were selected to prepare this literary review, highlighting that activated charcoal was one of the most abrasive agents, blue covarina was effective in lightening light stains, and silica had a whitening effect due to its abrasive characteristic. From the analysis of the studies found, it was observed that the whitening toothpastes presented were effective in promoting tooth whitening, however, more studies are still needed to discuss the possible repercussions involving the use of these products.

The increase in pediatric obesity and its relationship with the Covid-19 pandemic

2024-02-23T10:58:20-03:00

Obesity is a multifactorial disease related to several genetic, metabolic, psychosocial and environmental factors. After the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this condition of excess weight was recognized as a risk factor for the progression of the disease to a more severe form, causing a worse prognosis in children. Thus, the objective of the present work was to address the increase in pediatric obesity and its relationship with the COVID-19 pandemic. To carry out this literature review study, articles that related the diagnosis of PU in children and their difficulties. Thus, of the 30 articles found in the VHL database, only 12 were used, as they contained what was necessary for the research. Risk factors were observed that, during the pandemic, are directly related to the topic. Among them, sedentary lifestyle, less structured days, increased boredom and poverty and male sex were highlighted. Furthermore, consequences such as cardiovascular changes, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, non-alcoholic liver disease and psychosocial problems were noted in this study. Therefore, given that childhood obesity is a clinically significant problem and that, during the period of the coronavirus pandemic, there was an increase in the number of cases, more studies along the same lines are needed to gain a deeper understanding of the increase in pediatric obesity and its relation with the COVID-19 pandemic.

The importance of early diagnosis in Jacobsen Syndrome: A systematic literature review

2024-02-28T06:08:29-03:00

Jacobsen syndrome is a contiguous genetic syndrome based on the terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11, which was first defined by Jacobsen in 1973. It is characterized as a clinical disorder caused by segmental aneusomy and monosomy due to deletion of the terminal region 11q23, in which the deletion in 11q varies between 7 and 20 Mb, and deletions smaller than 2.9 Mb are associated with this syndrome, and it is suggested that gene deletion has a cumulative effect on the prognosis of the disease. This syndrome is considered rare, as it has a low incidence in the general population of approximately 1 in 100,000 births. The diagnosis of Jacobsen syndrome includes physical examination and clinical history, based on psychomotor regression, facial dysmorphism and the appearance of thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it is crucial that an early diagnosis is made, as this can interfere with the worsening and effects that Jacobsen Syndrome brings to the patient. That said, the general objective of this article is to identify the clinical signs for early detection of Jacobsen Syndrome through a systematic literature review. The research was carried out with 09 articles, identifying a lack of research in the area, corroborating the researchers' hypothesis. As it is a rare disease, there are still few studies on it and, consequently, few professionals have knowledge about the syndrome, making early diagnosis and treatment even more difficult.

Women's perception of the climacteric and menopause

2024-03-04T15:00:42-03:00

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the transition period between the reproductive and non-reproductive phase is demarcated as climacteric, being a phase in a woman's life and corresponding to a physiological process. Menopause, on the other hand, corresponds to the last menstruation, only recognized after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea, occurring between 45 and 55 years of age. At this stage of life, there is a reduction in hormones, mainly estrogen, a sexual hormone synthesized by the ovaries with the function of developing female characteristics, such as breast growth, and has a fundamental role in the menstrual cycle, bone health and reproduction. That said, during menopause, it is common for signs and symptoms resulting from this physiological change to appear, with the most common clinical and psycho-emotional findings being: vaginal atrophy and dryness, dyspareunia, urinary urgency, insomnia, hot flashes, stress, irritability, depression and reduced libido. . However, much is still questioned in the literature about how each patient experiences this process, their perception of these symptoms and sudden mood changes and, most importantly, how they perceive themselves in this environment. Therefore, the study's general objective is to understand the perception, challenges and clinical complaints of women regarding the experience of climacteric and menopause. A literature review was carried out, and it was found that women with low education have more difficulty understanding this phase of their life. Furthermore, it was observed that all women present complaints, however, some with greater intensity than others.

Teaching chemistry in an interdisciplinary environment: An exploratory approach

2024-03-23T07:22:09-03:00

The teaching of Chemistry proves to be fundamental for everyday life in general. Therefore, Chemistry allows for offering a comprehensive and contextualized view of the world, enabling the connection of information from various sources and the analysis of interdisciplinary problems. Thus, it is acknowledged that the interdisciplinary approach in teaching Chemistry enriches education, shaping informed and well-rounded citizens to face challenges. In this context, this literature review aimed to explore the responsibility of Chemistry teaching, as well as its effectiveness in interdisciplinary approach regarding its impact on personal development. It was observed from this study that the interdisciplinary approach in teaching Chemistry emerges as an essential pedagogical strategy to meet the increasing demands for a more relevant and comprehensive education. Furthermore, Chemistry demonstrates its value as a fundamental tool by integrating with other disciplines, for the understanding of the natural world and its relation to social, economic, and environmental aspects.

Parental involvement in early care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A systematic literature review

2024-02-22T08:20:19-03:00

The article aims to analyze studies on family-centered care in early intervention in premature babies, emphasizing parental involvement, with a focus on the context in Portugal. Globally, 15 million babies are born prematurely annually, with a rate of approximately 8% in Portugal. Over the last five decades, premature birth rates have increased while infant mortality has decreased, indicating advancements in obstetric and neonatal care. Premature newborns face significant risks, including developmental delays, sensory deficits, learning difficulties, and cerebral palsy. Early interventions are essential to refer these children to services that promote their development during periods of maximum neuronal plasticity. Early Intervention (EI) has shown promising results improving developmental outcomes and reducing biological and social risk fator´s impact. However, there is a shortage of national research on this topic. This study reviewed articles from 2015 to 2022, identifying 17 that addressed premature newborns, early intervention, and family care, evaluating the quality of clinical trials with PEDro Assessment Scale. The article emphasizes the importance of early intervention and family care for the development of premature babies and their families, highlighting the need for more national research in this area. Promoting additional studies can enhance understanding and improve care for this vulnerable population.

Nursing care for mother-child in postpartum depression

2024-01-30T16:40:42-03:00

Postpartum depression poses a problem for the health of the mother-child dyad, capable of causing various emotional and behavioral changes in women, as well as in the development and interaction of mother and child. Nursing care in the postpartum period focuses on screening for depression through follow-ups, individual and group sessions, and educational activities. Objective: To analyze the impact of postpartum depression on the mother-child dyad and the role of nursing in caring for women with postpartum depression. Methodology: This is an integrative review that used the PICO strategy to search for scientific articles. Publications were searched in the databases BVS, LILACS, BDENF, and SciELO, including articles from 2011 to 2021. Fifteen studies were selected from 1765 publications. Results: Most articles highlighted the importance of identifying signs and symptoms of depression, particularly guilt, anxiety, and distress. Some studies pointed out that among the main challenges were: lack of continuous professional training, absence in practice of support with a defined flowchart for the diagnosis of postpartum depression. Conclusion: Nursing follow-up is essential to identify signs and symptoms of depression or anxiety within the Family Health Strategy, as well as risk factors that may affect maternal mental health. Screening strategies, such as the use of postpartum depression assessment scales, have been shown to be effective in identifying various symptoms of clinical depression.

Overview of scientific production in the use of mobile applications by hospital

2024-03-11T17:04:39-03:00

The objective of this study was to identify the scientific production on the use of mobile applications with patient interface by hospital management. Method: integrative review of the literature carried out in the databases: Medical Literature and Retrivial System onLine (MEDLINE/PubMed®); Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); Virtual Health Library (VHL). The PICo methodology was used to construct the research question and select the respective descriptors, including: “mobile applications”, “health communication”, “hospital administration”, “patients”. Five articles published between 2013 and 2023. Results: in the analyzes carried out on the functionality of the applications, all mobile applications in this study demonstrated managerial functionality, in addition to the communication interface with the patient through mobile applications. Conclusion: the present research offers theoretical and scientific-technological basis for the development of positive research on the use of technological management tools for communication between hospital management and patients, at the same time as they aim to minimize failures and variability in the processes that occur within the hospital.

Use of multiparametric magnetic resonance in the active surveillance of prostate cancer: An integrative review

2024-03-05T10:22:58-03:00

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in males, with an increasing incidence due to improvements in diagnostic methods, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Given this, new therapeutic modalities, such as active surveillance (AV), which is indicated for low-risk prostate cancer, are gaining ground. Objective: To investigate the use of mpMRI for monitoring patients undergoing active surveillance as a treatment for prostate cancer. Methods: This is an integrative review carried out using the SciELO, PubMed ®, VHL and LILACS databases. In total, 389 studies were found, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 articles remained chosen. Results: 5,206 patients with prostate cancer were analyzed in 15 studies, as there was no sample in 2 selected articles. Some studies assessed that mpMRI was not sufficient for monitoring VA patients with prostate cancer, with an indication for supplementation with biopsy even when there was no indication of disease progression on mpMRI. Despite this, most of the selected studies concluded that mpMRI had a negative predictive value for prostate cancer progression and could be used for follow-up in VA patients, with improvement if related to other variables such as prostate-specific antigen levels. Conclusion: mpMRI is gaining importance in the evaluation of patients with prostate cancer, including the indication and follow-up of patients in VA. Despite some limitations, it can be used in conjunction with other components to assess disease progression.

Association of HPV with oral and oropharyngeal lesions: Systematic review

2024-03-02T06:48:01-03:00

The human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the Papillomaviridae family, and its life cycle is directly linked to the differentiation of the host's epithelial cells. More than 200 types of the virus have been detected and can lead to the development of different types of benign and malignant epithelial tumors. This virus has tropism for skin tissue and mucous membranes. HPV types are classified as low-risk and high-risk; HPV is currently predicted to be the main risk factor for carcinomas and lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx. The discovery of the association between HPV and oropharyngeal carcinoma is relatively recent and it is known that the profile of affected patients is different from the profile of patients typically affected by other tumors of the head and neck region. This work aimed to evaluate the association of high-risk HPV in the etiology of head and neck carcinomas. This was a systematic review study. Data collection was carried out through published scientific articles, using the following descriptors: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer, through searches in the SciELO, PUBMED and GOOGLE ACADEMICO databases. Articles from 2010 to 2023. Patients affected by oropharyngeal tumors in relation to HPV are younger patients and the prevalence was higher in age groups of 41-50 years. The most frequent genotype found was HPV16, considered the high-risk type.

Life Cycle Thinking and its importance in the context of sustainability management: Review

2024-02-03T07:02:27-03:00

Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) is considered a qualitative study because it describes the environmental impacts of a product or process. This perception allows us to identify the potential effects and resources used, allowing us to structure sustainable ideas, identifying and developing innovative solutions. Establishing the life cycle of a product requires planning and understanding the stages of the production chain, the continuous assessment of processes and their environmental functions, from the extraction of raw materials, transportation, manufacturing process, delivery to the customer and final disposal. Although LCT is considered a philosophy, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a quantitative scientific method that allows you to express this thought. Through life cycle concepts and tools, it becomes possible to define the stages of a product's life cycle, assist decision makers in data analysis and implement sustainability with appropriate strategies and actions. However, the objective of this review is to describe concepts and definitions about LCT and LCA. It is hoped that researchers will be able to guarantee true sustainability in production, which will require careful assessment and multiple considerations based on an in-depth reflection on the product's life cycle.

Genetic and molecular interactions in Crohn's Disease: A systematic review

2024-02-01T13:24:00-03:00

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease, has a significant genetic basis, highlighted by mutations in protein 2 (NOD2). Thus, these mutations lead to an exaggerated inflammatory response against the intestinal microbiota, involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway, resulting in the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and production of cytokines, such as TNFα. Thus, this molecular cascade plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, making it the target of research for therapeutic development. Furthermore, understanding these molecular interactions may reveal new opportunities for treating the disease. In this sense, this initiative has been the focus of numerous scientific research activities and drug development, in order to establish new targets for therapeutic development against Cronh's disease.