Ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers in Tifton 85 grazing with different levels of supplementation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10510Keywords:
Bite rate; Cynodon dactylon; Grazing time; Multivariate analysis; Tropical pastures.Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify which variables of ingestive behavior, displacement patterns and pasture parameters explain most of the results among the levels of supplementation offered to Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon) heifers. Principal component analysis was used to identify which variables were relevant. In the analysis eight variables, grazing time, idle time, number of feeding stations/day, time per feeding station, bite rate/day, leaf blades mass, leaf allowance and leaf blade: stem ratio, explained 80.5% of the change in results. Heifers exclusively on pasture presented grazing time and bite rate/day and less idle time. Heifers receiving 0.4% supplementation visited more feeding stations, while heifers who received 1.2% supplement remained longer in feeding stations. In the first evaluation period, heifers had longer grazing time, number of food stations/day, bit rate, mass and allowance of leaf blades. The level of 0.8% of supplementary did not influence the variables evaluated. Displacement patterns and ingestive behavior of heifers receiving or not supplementation are influenced by the structural characteristics of the pasture.
References
Aguiar, A. D., Vendramini, J. M. B., Arthington, J. D., Sollenberger, L. E., Sanchez, J. M. D., Silva, W. L., Valente, A. L. S., & Salvo, P. (2014). Stocking rate effects on ‘Jiggs’ bermudagrass pastures grazed by heifers receiving supplementation. Crop Science, 54(6), 2872-2879.
Boland, H. T., Scaglia, G., Notter, D. R., Rook, A. J., Swecher J. R., W. S., & Abaye, A. O. (2011). Grazing behavior and diet preference of beef steers grazing adjacent monocultures of tall fescue and alfalfa: II. The role of novelty. Crop Science, 51 (4), 1815–1823.
Casagrande, D. R., Azenha, M. V., Valente, A. L. S., Vieira, B. R., Moretti, M. H., Ruggieri, A. C., Berchielli, T. T., & Reis, R. A. (2011). Canopy characteristics and behavior of Nellore heifers in Brachiaria brizantha pastures under different grazing heights at a continuous stocking rate. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(11):2294-2301.
Castelán-Ortega, O. A., Martínez-García, C. G., Mould, F. L., Porward, P., Miranda-De La Lama, G. C., Cruz-Moterrosa, R. G., & Rayas-Amor, A. A. (2016). Grazing behavior of dairy cows and body condition score associated with sward characteristics of four pasture types. Experimental Agriculture, 54(2), 214-226.
Confortin, A. C. C., Bremm, C., Rocha, M. G., Silva, J. H. S., Elejalde, D. A. G., Camargo, D. G., & Rosa, A. T. N. (2010). Ingestive behavior patterns of ewe lambs receiving or not supplement on Pearl millet pasture. Ciência Rural, 40(12), 2555-2561.
Silva, S. C., & Sbrissia, A. F. (2010). Análise de componentes principais entre características morfogênicas e estruturais em capim-marandu sob lotação contínua. Ciência Rural, 40(3), 690-693.
Di Marco, O. N., & Aello, M. S. (2001). Gasto de energia da apreensão de forragem e do caminhar por bovinos em pastejo. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 53(1), 105-110.
Embrapa: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. (1999). Sistema brasileiro de classificação dos solos. Brasília: Embrapa-SPI; Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa-CNPS, 412p.
Fagundes, J. L., Moreira, A. L., Freitas, A. W. P., Zonta, A., Henrichs, R., Rocha, F. C., Backes, A. A., & Vieira, J. S. (2011). Capacidade de suporte de pastagens de capim-tifton 85 adubado com nitrogênio manejadas em lotação contínua com ovinos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(12), 2651-2657.
Fajardo, N. M., Poli, C. H. E. C., Bremm, C., Tontini, J. F., Castilhos, Z. M. S., Mcmanus, C. M., Sarout, B. N. M., Castro, J. M., & Monteiro, L. G. (2015). Effect of concentrate supplementation on performance and Ingestive behavior of lambs grazing tropical Aruana grass (Panicum maximum). Animal Production Science, 56(10), 1693-1699.
Glienke, C. L., Rocha, M. G., Costa, V. G., & Machado, J. M. (2010). Ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39(2), 247-254.
Glienke, C. L., Rocha, M. G., Pötter, L., Roso, D., Montagner, D. B. & Oliveira Neto, R. A. (2016). Canopy structure, ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers grazing warm-season pastures. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 68(2), 457-465.
Hampel, V. S., Rocha, M. G., Pötter, L., Stivanin, S. C. B., Alves, M. B., Cadó, L. M., Amaral Neto, L. G. & Vicente, J. M. (2016). Grazing behavior of non-supplemented and supplemented heifers on Italian ryegrass pasture. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(4), 2053-2066.
Hodgson, J. (1982). Ingestive behavior. In: Leaver, J.D. (Ed.). Herbage intake handbook. Hurley: British Grassland Society, p.113.
Jimoh, S. O., Adeleye, O. O., Amisu, A. A., Ojo, V. O. A., Muraina, T. O., Ewetola, I. A. & Olanite, J. A. (2018). Biting rate of white fulani calves as influenced by spatial distribution of pasture biomass and sward height. Slovak Journal of Animal Science, 51(1), 20–31.
Kilgour, R. J. (2012). In pursuit of “normal”: A review of the behavior of cattle at pasture. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 1381(1-2), 1-11.
Laca, E. A., Ungar, E. D., Seligman, N. G., Ramey, M. R. & Demment, M. W. (1992). An integrated methodology for studying shortterm grazing behaviour of cattle. Grass and Forage Science, 47(1), 81-90.
Maixner, A. R., Quadros, F. L. F., Montardo, D. P., Kosloski, G. V., Noronha, A., Aurélio, N. D., Rossi, G. E., Daniel, E., Brum, M. S. & Bandinelli, D. G. (2009). Desempenho animal e produtividade de pastagens tropicais no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 61(4), 927-934.
Marchesan, R., Paris, W., Ziech, M. F., Prohmann, P. E. F., Zanotti, J. & Hartmannn, D. V. (2013). Produção e composição química-bromatológica de Tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) sob pastejo contínuo no período hibernal. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 34(4), 1933-1942.
Martini, P. M., Brondani, I. L., Alves Filho, D. C., Viana, A. F. P., Adams, S. M., Klein, J. L., Rodrigues, L. S. & Cattelam, J. (2017). Comportamento ingestivo de bovinos jovens mantidos em pasto de Sorgo ou milheto. Boletim da Indústria Animal, 74(4), 308-318.
Mendes, F. B. L., Silva, R. R., Carvalho, G. G. P., Silva, F. F., Lins, T. O. J. A., Silva, A. L. N., Macedo, V., Abreu Filho, G., Souza, S. O. & Guimarães, J. O. (2015). Ingestive behavior of grazing steers fed increasing levels of concentrate supplementation with different crude protein contents. Tropical animal health and production, 47(2), 423-428.
Mott, G. O. & Lucas, H. L. (1952). The design conduct and interpretation of grazing trials on cultivated and improved pastures. In: International Grassland Congress, 6, 1952, Pennsylvania. Proceedings… Wahington, 2(s.n.), 1380-1395.
Oliveira, A. M., Oliveira Neto, N. M., Guerra, L. O., Fonseca, W. J. L., Fonseca, W. L., Vogado, G. M. S., Sousa, G. G. T. & Sousa Júnior, S. C. (2015). Comportamento ingestivo de bovinos em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens e Cynodon spp. Journal Animal Behavior Biometeorology, 3(3), 81-85.
Oliveira Neto, R. A. D., Silva, J. H. S., Rocha, M. G., Pötter, L., Sichonany, M. J. O., Biscaíno, L. L., Santos, F. A. & Difante, M. V. B. (2013). Ingestive behavior, performance and forage intake by beef heifers on tropical pasture systems. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 42(8), 549-558.
Reis, R. A. & Silva, S. C. (2011). Consumo de forragens. In: Berchielli, T.T.; Pires, A.V.; Oliveira, S.G. Nutrição de Ruminantes. 2ª ed. Jaboticabal: Funep.
Regazzi, A. J. (2002). Análise multivariada: notas de aula. Viçosa: Ed. da UFV.
Selemani, I. S. & Eik, L. O. (2016). The effects of concentrate supplementation on growth performance and behavioral activities of cattle grazed on natural pasture. Tropical animal health and production, 48(1), 229-232.
Sichonany, M. J. O., Rocha, M. G., Pötter, L., Oliveira, A. P. B. B., Ribeiro, L. A., Silva, M. F., Hundertmarck, A. P., Salvador, P. R. (2015). Ingestive behavior of heifers in Alexandergrass pasture receiving different amounts of oat grain as supplement. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 36(4), 2763-2774.
Silva, W. L. Costa, J. P. R., Caputti, G. P., Valente, A. L.S ., Tsuzukibashi, D., Malheiros, E. B., Reis, R. A. & Ruggieri, A. C. (2017). Effect of residual leaf area index on spatial components of Tifton 85 pastures and ingestive behaviour of sheep. Animal Production Science, 57(5), 903-911.
Silveira, M. F., Macedo, V. P., Batista, R., Santos, G. B., Negri, R., Castro, J. M., Silveira, A. P. & Wlodarski, L. (2015). Comportamento ingestivo e desempenho produtivo de cordeiros mantidos em pastagem tropical e recebendo diferentes suplementações. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 67(4), 1125-1132.
Scaglia, G., Boland, H. T. & Wyatt, W. E. (2009). Effects of time of supplementation on beef stocker calves grazing ryegrass. II. Grazing behavior and dry matter intake. The Professional Animal Scientist, 25(6), 749-756.
Souza, A. N. M., Rocha, M. G., Pötter, L., Roso, D., Glienke, C. L. & Oliveira Neto, R. A. (2011). Comportamento ingestivo de novilhas de corte em pastagem de gramíneas anuais de estação quente. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(8), 1662-1670.
Stobbs, T. H. (1974). Rate of biting Jersey cows as influenced by the yield and maturity of pasture swards. Tropical Grasslands, 8(2), 81–86.
Valente, E. E. L., Paulino, M. F., Detmann, E., Valadares Filho, S. C., Chizzotti, M. L., Silva, A. G. & Maciel, I. F. C. S. (2013). Grazing behavior and locomotion of young bulls receiving different nutritional plans in a tropical pasture. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 26(12), 1717.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Ana Paula Machado Martini; Amanda Farias de Moura; Daniele Borchate; Sander Martinho Adams; Mauren Burin da Silva; Joziane Michelon Cocco; Jonatas Cattelam; Fernanda Cristina Breda de Mello; Ivan Luiz Brondani; Dari Celestino Alves Filho
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
