Effect of inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum brasilense on nitrogen and glycidic fractionation in sorghum silagens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12321Keywords:
Growth-promoting bacteria; Phytohormones; Carbohydrates; Partition; Protein.Abstract
Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense has potential for use in the cultivation of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) due to the possibility of altering the physiology and morphology of plants. In this sense, the present study aims to evaluate the influence of inoculation via seed with the growth promoting bacteria of the strain Azospirillum brasilense on the morphological composition, fermentative parameters, nutritional losses,strain on nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions in sorghum silage of the hybrid AG 2005. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting in two treatments (with and without inoculation), with four replications of experimental silos. The nitrogen fractionation was determined as described by Licitra et al. (1996) and to measure the fractionation of carbohydrates, it was evaluated according to the methodology proposed by Lanzas et al. (2007). The inoculated plants showed a lower percentage of stalk, but there was a greater participation of panicles and more grains. The inoculated hybrid produced silage with a lower content of nitrogen insoluble in acid detergent (ADIN) and nitrogen insoluble in neutral detergent (NDIN). Regarding the fractionation of carbohydrates, the sorghum silages with inoculation differed significantly in CHO (total carbohydrates) and CC (indigestible fiber) in relation to the control. Regarding protein fractionation, the fraction (CP) being indigestible, the inoculation showed a reduction of 0.29 percentage units when compared to the control. Thus, the inoculation of seeds with A. brasilense may be a viable alternative, as it has the potential to reduce the insoluble and indigestible protein and glycid fraction in the gastrointestinal tract in sorghum silages.
References
Almeida, L. S., Sobrinho, S. P., Luz, P. B., Caldeira, D. S. A., Oliveira, A. J., Vilarinho, M. K. C., Vieira, C. L., Silva, A. S. P., Silva, G. V. B. (2021). Uso de inoculante Azospirillum brasilense na produção de mudas de Tento Carolina. Research, Society and Development, 10, (1), 1-9. 0.33448/rsd-v10i1.11469
AOAC- Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995). Official methods of analysis. (16th ed.), AOAC International, Arlington.
Cassán, F.,Diaz-Zorita, M.(2016).Azospirillum sp. In current agriculture: From the laboratory to the field. Soil Biology & Biochemistry,103, 117-130. 10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.08.020
CNCPS- Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System- Ithaca. (2002).: Cornell University, Software, version 5.0, fromhttps://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/28012541/the-net-carbohydrate-and-protein-system-for-evaluating-herd-nutrition-
Detmann, E., Gionbelli, M. P., Huhtanen, P. (2014) A meta-analytical evaluation of the regulation of voluntary intake in cattle fed tropical forage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 4632–4641. 10.2527/jas.2014-7717
Embrapa. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria. (2013). Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos, (3a ed.), Brasília – DF, 353, fromhttps://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-solucoes-tecnologicas/-/produto-servico/1299/sistema-brasileiro-de-classificacao-de-solos---sibcs-3-edicao
Fox, D. Tedeschi, L., Van Amburgh, M., Tylutki, T. P. (2004). The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 112, 29-78.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.10.006
Hall, M. B. Neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates: nutritional relevance and analysis – a laboratory manual. (2000). University of Florida Extension – Extension, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, 339. https://animal.ifas.ufl.edu/media/animalifasufledu/dairy/pdf/Manual_-_Neutral_Detergent-Soluble_Carbohydrates_Nutritional_Relevance_and_Analysis.pdf
Hungria, M. (2011). Inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense: inovação em rendimento a baixo custo. Embrapa Soja – Documentos 325,, from https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/879471/inoculacao-com-azospirillum-brasilense-inovacao-em-rendimento-a-baixo-custo
Hungria, M., Campo, R. J. Souza, E. M., Pedrosa, F. O. (2010) Inoculation with selected strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. Lipoferum improves yields of maize and wheat in Brazil. Plant and Soil, 331, 413-425. 10.1007/s11104-009-0262-0
Jobim, C. C. Nussio, L. G., Reis, R. A., Schmidt, P (2007). Avanços metodológicos na avaliação da qualidade da forragem conservada. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36, suplemento especial, 101-119. 10.1590/S1516-35982007001000013
Lanzas, C., Tedeschi, L. O., Seo, S. E Fox, D. G. (2007). Evaluation of protein fractionation systems used in formulating rations for dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 90, 507–521. 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)72653-X
Licitra, G., Hernandez, T. M., Van Soest, P. J. (1996). Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57, (4), 347–358. 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3
Macedo,C. H. O., Andrade, A. P., Santos, E. M., Silva, D. S., Silva, T. C., Edvan, R. L. (2012). Perfil fermentativo e composição bromatológica de silagens de sorgo em função da adubação nitrogenada. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 13, (2), 371-382. 10.1590/S1519-99402012000200007
Magalhães, P. C., Durães, F. O. M., Rodrigues, J.A.S. (2003). Fisiologia da planta de sorgo. Sete Lagoas: Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. 4p, from https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/487527
Marchetti, M. M., Barp, E. A. (2015). Efeito rizosfera: a importância de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio para o solo/planta – revisão. Ignis, 4, (1), 61-71, from https://periodicos.uniarp.edu.br/index.php/ignis/article/view/767/474
Mortate, R. K., Nunes, B. M., Costa, R. M., Rocha, E. M. F. (2020). Rresposta de sorgo inoculado com azospirillum brasilense a doses de nitrogênio em cobertura. Ciência Agrícola, Rio Largo, 18, (1), 65-72, from https://www.seer.ufal.br/index.php/revistacienciaagricola/article/view/7388/7354
Naeini, S. Z., Emami, N. K., Rowghani, E., Bayat, A. (2014). Influence of ensiling time on chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, gas production and protein fractions of sweet sorghum silage. Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 4, (6), 286-293. http://www.roavs.com/.../286-293.pdf
Nakao, A. H., Andreotti, M., Soares, D. A., Modesto, V. C. Dickmann, L. (2018). Intercropping Urochloa brizantha and sorghum inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense for silage. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 49, (3), 501-511. 10.5935/1806-6690.20180057
Nakao, A. H., Souza, M. F. P., Dickmann, L., Centeno, D. C., Rodrigues, R. A. F. (2014) Resposta do sorgo granífero à aplicação de diferentes doses e épocas de inoculante (azospirillum brasilense) via foliar. Enciclopédia Biosfera, Centro Científico Conhecer, 10, (18), 2702-2714, http://www.conhecer.org.br/enciclop/2014a/AGRARIAS/Resposta%20do%20sorgo.pdf
Oms-Oliu, G., Hertog, M. L. A. T. M., Van De Poel, B., Ampofo-Asiama, J., Geeraerd, A. H., Nicolai, B. M. (2011). Metabolic characterization of tomato fruit during preharvest development, ripening, and postharvest shelf-life. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 62, 7–16. 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.04.010
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., Mcmahon, T. A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 4, (2), 439-473.10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Pires, A. J. V., Carvalho, G. G. P., Garcia, R. (2009) Fracionamento de carboidratos e proteínas de silagens de capim-elefante com casca de café, farelo de cacau ou farelo de mandioca. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38, (3), 422-427.10.1590/S1516-35982009000300004
Quadros, P. D., Roesch, L. F. W., Silva, P. R. F., Vieira, V. M., Roehrs, D. D., Camargo, F. A. O. (2014). Desempenho agronômico a campo de híbrido de milho inoculados com Azospirillum. Revista Ceres, 61, (2), 209-218. http://www.ceres.ufv.br/ojs/index.php/ceres/article/view/4097/1930
Repke, R. A., Cruz, S. J., Da Silva, C. J., Figueiredo, P. G., Bicudo, S. J. (2013). Eficiência da azospirillum brasilense combinada com doses de nitrogênio no desenvolvimento de plantas de milho. Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo, 12, (3), 214-226. 10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v12n3p214-226
Senger, C. C. D., Kozloski, G.V., Sanchez, L. M. B., Mesquita, F. R., Alves, T., Castagnino D. S. (2008). Short communication: Evaluation of autoclave procedures for fibre analysis in forage and concentrate feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 146, 169-174.
1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.12.008
Silva, D. J., Queiroz, A. C. (2002). Análise de Alimentos (Métodos químicos e biológicos). 3 ed.UFV, Imprensa Universitária, Viçosa, MG, 165p.
Skonieski, F. R., Viégas, J. Martin, T. N., Nörnberg, J. L., Meinerz, G. R., Tonin, T.J., Bernhard, P., Frata, M. T. (2017). Effect of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization rates on maize plant yield and silage quality. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia, 46, (9), 722-730. 10.1590/s1806-92902017000900003.
Skonieski, F. R., Viégas, J., Martin, T. N., Mingotti, C. C. A., Naetzold, S.,Tonin, T. J., Dotto, L. R., Meinerz, G. R. (2019). Effect of nitrogen topdressing fertilization and inoculation of seeds with azospirillum brasilense on corn yield and agronomic characteristics. Agronomy, 9, (12), 812. 10.3390/agronomy9120812
Sniffen, C. J., O’Connor, J. D., Van Soest, P. J., Fox, D. G. (1992). A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70, (11), 3562-3577. 10.2527/1992.70113562x
Statistical Analysis System- SAS, Statistical analysis system user’s guide. Cary: Statistics Cary SAS Institute, versão study.
Tangerman, A. & Nagengast, F. M. (1996). A gas chromatographic analysis of fecal shortchain fatty acids, using the direct injection method. Analytical Bionalytical, 236,1–8.10.1006/abio.1996.0123
Van Soest, P. J. (1994). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. (2a ed.), Cornell University Press, 476 p.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science,74, 3583- 3597. 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Viana, P. T. V., Pires, V., Oliveira, L. B., Carvalho, G. G. P., Ribeiro, L. S., Chagas, T. D. M., Filho, C. S. N., Carvalho, A. O. (2012). Fracionamento de carboidratos e de proteína das silagens de diferentes forrageiras. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41, (2), 292-297. 10.1590/S1516-35982012000200009.
Walter, M., Silva, L. P., Perdomo, D. M. X. (2005). Amido disponível e resistente em alimentos: adaptação do método da AOAC 996.11, Alimentos e Nutrição, v. 16, 39-43, https://docplayer.com.br/22490920-Amido-disponivel-e-resistente-em-alimentos-adaptacao-do-metodo-da-aoac-996-11.html
Weatherburn, M. W. (1967). ‘Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry’, 39, 971-974. 10.1021/ac60252a045
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Larissa Luísa Schumacher; Julio Viégas; Tiago João Tonin; Stela Näetzold Pereira ; Fernando Reimann Skonieski; Gilmar dos Santos Cardoso; Ana Luiza Van Caeneghem da Hora; Janaína Vargas Teixeira; Larissa Bordin Temp; Beatriz dos Santos Nemoto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
