Study of peripheral neuropathy in patients with Parkinson disease: Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16813Keywords:
Parkinson's disease,; Peripheral neuropathy; Risk factors.Abstract
In the last decades, the presence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) has been observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in those under chronic treatment with levodopa (LD). The association between PN and the cumulative dose of LD, low serum levels of vitamin B12 and high plasma levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid become evident. Objective: To identify risk factors related to the presence of peripheral neuropathy in Parkinson's disease. Method: Scielo, Pub Med and LILACS databases were used with the keywords "Parkinson's disease", "peripheral neuropathy", "levodopa", "peripheral nerves" in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages of the last 10 years. Results: Most studies of individuals with PD in chronic use of LD, with high levels of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine and vitamin B12 deficiency, showed a high prevalence of PN, with a predominance of the sensorimotor form with axonal denervation. On the other hand, the presence of alpha synuclein in the peripheral nerves can determine a degenerative process in the peripheral nervous system. Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy in individuals with PD, in addition to being related to disease progression and severity, may involve other risk factors such as prolonged use of LD, vitamin B12 deficiency and high serum levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. The presence of alpha-synuclein in the skin and in peripheral nerves suggests involvement in the peripheral degenerative process. Prospective studies correlating the involvement of the peripheral nervous system in patients with PD and the involvement of different risk factors with the progression and worsening of motor symptoms in this disease are suggested.
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