Intimate partner violence against women in the COVID-19 pandemic: magnitude and associated factors

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20469

Keywords:

Intimate Partner Violence; Violence Against Women; COVID-19.

Abstract

Objective: To address the magnitude and associated factors of intimate partner violence against women in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, performed by searching the MEDLINE database, using the descriptors “violence”, “woman” and “COVID-19”, associated with the Boolean operator AND. Studies available in full were included, published in the time frame covering the period of March/2020 and April/2021 and in Portuguese, English and Spanish, resulting in a sample of 10 articles. Results: From the selected sample, it could be seen that the COVID-19 pandemic increased the frequency and severity of violent acts committed by the intimate partner against women, with psychological, physical and sexual violence being the most reported types For them. Furthermore, the pandemic period triggered the emergence of new forms of abuse. The increase in time with the abuser at home, economic factors and the interruption or difficulty in accessing support services were identified as the main factors responsible for the occurrence and/or worsening of violence perpetrated by an intimate partner against women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Information regarding the magnitude and factors associated with intimate partner violence against women during the pandemic may help to develop strategies to prevent / combat the occurrence of this type of violence, in addition to contributing to the planning of actions to ensure assistance of women in other similar emergency situations.

Author Biographies

Janayra Rodrigues Dantas, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Coroatá, Maranhão, Brasil.

Yuri Guilherme Melo Oliveira , Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Coroatá, Maranhão, Brasil.

Guida Graziela Santos Cardoso, Universidade Federal do Piauí

Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, Brasil.

Beatriz Aguiar da Silva, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil.

Elisá Victória Silva e Silva, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Caxias, Maranhão.

Josemeire da Costa Ximenes, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Caxias, Maranhão.

Vitor Emanuel Sousa da Silva, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Caxias, Maranhão.

Rosângela Nunes Almeida, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Caxias, Maranhão.

Daniela Reis Joaquim de Freitas, Universidade Federal do Piauí

Universidade Federal do Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, Piaui, Brasil.

Hayla Nunes da Conceição, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Coroatá, Maranhão, Brasil.

References

Agüero, J. M. (2020). COVID-19 and The Rise of Intimate Partner Violence. World Development, 137. 10.1016 / j.worlddev.2020.105217.

Aolymat, I. A. (2021). Cross-Sectional Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on Domestic Violence, Menstruation, Genital Tract Health, and Contraception Use among Women in Jordan. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 104 (2), 519-525. 10.4269 / ajtmh.20-1269.

Fawole, O. I, Okedare, O. O., & Reed, E. (2021). Home was not a safe haven: women’s experiences of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigéria. BMC Women’s Health, 21 (32), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01177-9.

Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. (2010). Evidence-Based Practice Step-by-Step: Critical Appraisal of the Evidence: Part I. American Journal of Nursing, 110 (7), 47-52. 10.1097 / 01.NAJ.0000383935.22721.9c.

Gebrewahd, G. T., Gebremeskel, G. G., & Tadesse, D.B.(2020). Intimate partner violence against reproductive age women during COVID-19 pandemic in northern Ethiopia 2020: a community-based cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 17 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-01002-w.

Gibbs, A et al. (2018). Prevalence and factors associated with recent intimate partner violence and relationships between disability and depression in post-partum women in one clinic in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa, Plos One, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181236

Gosangi, B., Park, H., Thomas, R., Gujrathi, R., Bay, C. P., & Raja, A. S. et al. (2021). Exacerbation of Physical Intimate Partner Violence during COVID-19 Pandemic. Radiology, 298(1), 1-8. 10.1148 / radiol.2020202866.

Haq, W., Raza, S. H., & Mahmood T. (2020). The pandemic paradox: domestic violence and happiness of women. Peer J, 8: e10472. 10.7717 / peerj.10472.

Jahromi, M. K., Jamali, S., Koshkaki, A. R., & Javadpour, S.(2015). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Domestic Violence Against Women by Their Husbands in Iran. Global Journal of Health Science, 8 (5), 175-183. 10.5539 / gjhs.v8n5p175.

Krishnakumar, A., & Verma, S. (2021). Understanding Domestic Violence in India during COVID-19: a Routine Activity Approach. Asian Journal of Criminology, 16, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-020-09340-1.

Krishnamurti, T., Davis, A. L., Quinn, B., Castillo, A. F., Martin, K. L., & Simhan, H. N. (2021). Mobile Remote Monitoring of Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Patients During the COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place Order: Quality Improvement Pilot Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 23 (2). 10.2196 / 22790.

Mahmood, K. I, Shabu, S. A., M-Amen, K. M., Hussain, S.S., Kako, D. A., & Hinchliff S., et al. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Related Lockdown on the Prevalence of Spousal Violence Against Women in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260521997929.

Marques, E.S., Moraes, C. L., Hasselmann, M. H., Deslandes, S. F., & Reichenheim, M. E. (2020). Violence against women, children, and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: overview, contributing factors, and mitigating measures. Caderno de Saúde Pública, 36 (4): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00074420.

Mascarenhas, M. D. M., Tomaz, G. R., Meneses, G. M. S., Rodrigues, M. T. P., Pereira, V. O. M., & Corassa, R. B. (2020). Análise das notificações de violência por parceiro íntimo contra mulheres, Brasil, 2011-2017. Revista Brasileira de epidemiologia, 23 (1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200007.supl.1.

Mendonça, M.F.S, & Ludemir, A. D. (2017). Violência por parceiro íntimo e incidência de transtorno mental comum. Revista de Saúde Pública, 51: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006912

Naghizadeh, S., Mirghafourvand, M., & Mohammadirad, R. (2021). Domestic violence and its relationship with quality of life in pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19 disease. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 21(88), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03579-x.

Pattojoshi, A., Sidana, A., Garg, S., Mishra, S. N., Singh, L, K., & Goyal N., et al. (2021). Staying home is NOT 'staying safe': a rapid 8-day online survey on spousal violence against women during the COVID-19 lockdown in Índia. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 75 (2): 63-71. 10.1111 / pcn.13176.

Paulson, J. L. (2020). Intimate Partner Violence and Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms: A Systematic Review of Findings in Longitudinal Studies. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 10.1177/1524838020976098.

Roesch, E., Avni, A., & Gupta J. (2020). Violence against women during pandemic restrictions covid-19. The BMJ, 369. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1712.

Rosa, D. O. A., Ramos, R. C. S., Gomes, T. M. V., Melo, E. M., & Melo, V. H. (2018). Violência provocada pelo parceiro íntimo entre usuárias da Atenção Primária à Saúde: prevalência e fatores associados. Saúde Debate, 42 (4), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042018S405.

Sabri, B., Hartley, M., Saha, J., Murray, S., Glass, N., & Campbell, J.C. (2020). Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on women’s health and safety: A study of immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence. Health Care for Women International, 41(11-12), 1294- 1312. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1833012.

Santos, C.M., Pimenta, C. A., & Nobre, M. R. C. (2007). The PICO strategy for the research question construction and evidencesearch. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 15(3), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023.

Silva, A. F., Estrela, F. M., Soares, C. F. S., Magalhães, J. R. F., Lima, N. S, & Morais, A. C et al. (2020). Elementos precipitadores/intensificadores da violência conjugal em tempo da Covid-19. Ciências Saúde & Coletiva, 25 (9), 3475- 3480. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.16132020.

Silva, J. M. M., Lima, M. C., & Ludermir, A. B. (2017). Intimate partner violence and maternal educational practice. Revista de Saúde Pública, 51, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1518-8787.2017051006848.

Souza, M. T. S., Silva, M. D. S., & Carvalho, R. (2010) Revisão integrativa: o que é e como fazer. Einstein, 8 (1), 102-106. 10.1590/s1679-45082010rw1134.

Vora, M., Malathesh, B. C., Das, S., & Chatterjee, S. S. (2020). COVID-19 and domestic violence against women. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 1-2. 10.1016 / j.ajp.2020.102227.

Published

25/09/2021

How to Cite

CONCEIÇÃO, H. N. da; DANTAS, J. R. .; OLIVEIRA , Y. G. M. .; CARDOSO, G. G. S. .; SILVA, B. A. da .; SILVA, E. V. S. e .; XIMENES, J. da C. .; SILVA, V. E. S. da; ALMEIDA, R. N. .; FREITAS, D. R. J. de; CONCEIÇÃO, H. N. da. Intimate partner violence against women in the COVID-19 pandemic: magnitude and associated factors. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 12, p. e397101220469, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20469. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/20469. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.

Issue

Section

Review Article