Manejo de pacientes hospitalizados durante la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i5.21415

Palabras clave:

Pandemia de COVID-19; Brote por el Coronavirus 2019-nCoV; Infección por SARS-CoV-2.

Resumen

El SARS-CoV-2 es el principal agente de la pandemia actual, causando el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo. Así, los procedimientos hospitalarios se consideran factores de alto riesgo de contaminación, con una alta posibilidad de causar propagación viral, además de contaminación nosocomial. Este artículo fue desarrollado con el objetivo de presentar una revisión de los protocolos actuales dirigidos a orientar el abordaje de los pacientes con COVID-19, así como las recomendaciones recomendadas en relación con los procedimientos médicos generadores de aerosoles. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de revisión narrativa de la literatura. El fin de la prevención de infecciones, ya que las recomendaciones actuales recomiendan el uso obligatorio de mascarillas, delantales, guantes y protección ocular. Con respecto a la intubación orotraqueal y la ventilación mecánica, debe elegir al médico más experimentado del equipo y preferir la "intubación de secuencia rápida". En el caso de la traqueostomía, debe realizarse siguiendo todos los pasos definidos en los protocolos. En relación a la reanimación cardiorrespiratoria, se deben tener cinco profesionales de la salud con funciones bien aplicadas y revisadas, de acuerdo con las prácticas de mantenimiento, ventilación, administración de medicamentos y finalización de la reanimación. Dentro de la Unidad de Terapia Intensa, es necesario evaluar la expansión del sitio, como el aumento del equipo multidisciplinario. Durante una pandemia, una evaluación de riesgo-beneficio es esencial antes de indicar la cirugía. Por ello, es evidente que los cambios en los protocolos globales son importantes para la minimización de los aerosoles, ofreciendo una mayor seguridad a todos los implicados, ya sean profesionales os pacientes.

Citas

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Publicado

03/04/2022

Cómo citar

AZEVEDO, T. C. P. de .; OLIVEIRA, G. S. L. de .; COSTA , R. A. .; VASCONCELOS , J. M. G. de M. .; SILVA, L. R. L. L. .; FERREIRA, L. de L. .; RAMOS, F. W. da S. .; MATOS ROCHA, T. J. Manejo de pacientes hospitalizados durante la pandemia de COVID-19: revisión. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 5, p. e20711521415, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i5.21415. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/21415. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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