Terapia fotodinámica como adyuvante del tratamiento periodontal: revisión de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21534Palabras clave:
Enfermedades Periodontales; Rayos Láser; Fotoquimioterapia.; Enfermedades periodontales; Rayos Láser; Fotoquimioterapia.Resumen
La enfermedad periodontal es un proceso inflamatorio crónico de carácter infeccioso que afecta a los tejidos de soporte del diente, lo que puede provocar la pérdida del diente. Actuando como adyuvante en el tratamiento de las enfermedades periodontales, la terapia fotodinámica ha ganado visibilidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo abordar la aplicación de este procedimiento en el tratamiento periodontal, sus ventajas y desventajas, indicaciones y contraindicaciones, concepto de la técnica, materiales utilizados y resultados clínicos. La metodología utilizada fue a través de una revisión de la literatura, la cual se realizó a través del acceso a la base de datos PubMed y al Portal Regional de la BVS, con publicaciones seleccionadas entre los años 1993 y 2021, utilizando palabras clave sobre el tema en cuestión. La técnica consiste en la asociación de una fuente de luz y un fotosensibilizador, con el fin de promover la muerte microbiana, la desinfección y ayudar en el proceso de curación. Las investigaciones confirman varias ventajas de su aplicación en la práctica odontológica, como la incapacidad de generar resistencia bacteriana y efectos secundarios dañinos, promoviendo una acción localizada, costo asequible y facilidad de ejecución. Estudios demuestran la efectividad de la terapia frente a bacterias periodontopatógenas y sus resultados positivos cuando se aplica como adyuvante en el tratamiento periodontal, ya que permite la eliminación de patógenos retenidos en áreas de furca, surcos, concavidades, áreas distales de los molares y bolsas profundas, que por la limitación del tratamiento mecánico acaban quedando y recolonizando estos sitios. La perspectiva de futuro es que la terapia fotodinámica ganhará más espacio en la práctica clínica, siendo un adyuvante prometedor en la obtención de resultados satisfactorios en periodoncia.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Isadora de Lima Pereira; Luciana Prado Maia Andraus; Maria Beatriz Bergonse Pereira Pedriali; Priscila Paganini Costa Tiossi; Fernanda Akemi Nakanishi Ito
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