Therapeutic option for anxiety: is the use of Cannabis sativa a pharmacological alternative?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22948Keywords:
Cannabis; Cannabinoids; Drug scheduling; Replacement of medication; Anxiety.Abstract
The WHO (World Health Organization) classifies anxiety as: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social or specific phobias and social anxiety disorder (SAD). All types share common symptoms, including feelings of malaise, panic and fear, sleep problems, not being able to stay calm, being cold and/or sweating, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, dry mouth, nausea, and prevention of situations, these disorders end up harming the quality of life of many people and often leading to suicide. The aim of the present study was to describe the effectiveness of using cannabidiol for the treatment of anxiety, to describe the physiological mechanisms and its adverse effects. For this, a literature search was carried out through published and current articles where it was possible to analyze its effects on animals and humans, the studies were carried out in a population aged 18-37 years with social anxiety disorder, public speaking phobia and people with post-traumatic disorder caused by childhood trauma. The results showed that cannabidiol can be a powerful option for the treatment of anxiety, its effectiveness in relation to dosage, administration routes and adverse effects showed significant results. The present study demonstrates that more clinical and placebo-controlled studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of cannabis.
References
Alves, J. V.S., Waleria, P., Netto, P. R. R., Godman, B., Nascimento, R., C. R. M., & Vital, W. C. (2021). Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety among university students of health sciences in Brazil: findings and implications. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria. 70(2) https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000322
Berger, M., Li, E., & Amminger, G. P. (2020). Treatment of social anxiety disorder and attenuated psychotic symptoms with cannabidiol. BMJ Case Rep. 7,13(10): e235307 https://doi:10.1136/bcr-2020-235307
Bahji, A., Meyyappan, A. C., & Hawken, E. R. (2020). Efficacy and acceptability of cannabinoids for anxiety disorders in adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research 129:257-264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.030
Black, N., Emily, S., Gabrielle, C., Lucy, T. T., Dino, Z., Wayne, D. H., & Michael, F. (2019). Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: Lancet Psychiatry. 6, P.995-1010, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30401-8
Blessing, E. M., Steenkamp, M. M., Manzanares, J., & Marmar, C. R. (2015). Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics. 12(4): 825–836.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1
Chadwick, V. L., Rohleder, C., Koethe, D., & Leweke, F. M. (2020). Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system in anxiety, depression, and dysregulation of emotion in humans. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 33(1), 20–42. https://doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000562 .
Carvalho, A. F., Sharma, M. S., Brunoni, A. R., Vieta, E., & Fava, G. A. (2016). The Safety, Tolerability and Risks Associated with the Use of Newer Generation Antidepressant Drugs. Psychother Psychosom 85(5):270-88 https://doi:10.1159/000447034
Dienst, W. K., Lewis, E. M., Buckner, J. D. (2019). Cannabis-Related Impairment and Social Anxiety: The Role of Use to Manage Negative and Positive Affect in Social Situations. Tailor & Francis 55, Pages 271-280 https://doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1664590
Gutiérrez-Garcia, M. S., Navarrete, F, Gasparyan, A, Austrich-Olivares, A., Sala, F. & Manzanares, J. (2020). Cannabidiol: A Potential New Alternative for the Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Psychotic Disorders. Biomolecules 10(11):1575 https://doi:10.3390/biom10111575
Iffland, K. & Grotenhermen, F. (2017). An Update on Safety and Side Effects of Cannabidiol: A Review of Clinical Data and Relevant Animal Studies. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res.1,2(1):139-154. https://doi:10.1089/can.2016.0034
Laczkouvis, C., Kothgassner, O.D., Felnhofer, A., & Klier, C.M. (2021). Cannabidiol treatment in an adolescent with multiple substance abuse, social anxiety and depression. neuropsychiatrie 35, pages31–34 https://doi:10.1007/s40211-020-00334-0
Larsen, C., & Shahinas, J. (2020). Dosage, Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Administration in Adults: A Systematic Review of Human Trials. Journal of clinical medicine research, 12(3), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4090
Lyndsey, A. L., Doohan, P. T., Oldfield, Lachlan, M.S., Kevin, Richard, C., Arnold, Jonathon, C. P., Berger, Maximus, M.D, P., Amminger, G., Paul, M. D, P., McGregor, & Iain, S.(2021). Citalopram and Cannabidiol, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology: 41 - p 525-533 https://doi:10.1097/JCP.0000000000001427
Masataka, N. (2019). Anxiolytic Effects of Repeated Cannabidiol Treatment in Teenagers With Social Anxiety Disorders. Journal: Frontiers in Psychology 10 P.2466 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02466/full
Mandolini, G., Lazzaretti, M., Pigoni, A., Oldani, L., Delvecchio, G., & Brambilla, P. (2018). Pharmacological properties of cannabidiol in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: A critical overview. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 27(4), 327-335. https://doi:10.1017/S2045796018000239
MacCallum, C. A., & Russo, E. B. (2018). Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing. Eur J Intern Med. 49:12-19.
https://doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.004
Mcfadden, Brandon, R, & Malone, T. (2020). Homegrown perceptions about the medical use and potential abuse of CBD and THC. Addictive Behaviors 115, 106799 https://doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106799
Sakal, C., Lynskey, M., Schlag, A. K. & Nutt, D. J. (2021). Developing a real-world evidence base for prescribed cannabis in the United Kingdom: preliminary findings from Project Twenty21.. Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05855-2
Spechler, P. A., Jennifer, L. Stewart, Kuplicki, R, Jerzy, R., Sahib, J. S., Martin, R. P. Paulus, Jonathan J. A. B. F. K. K., Aupperle, R. L. ,Bodurka, J., Justin, S. , Feinstein, Sahib S. Khalsa, Martin, P. P., Jonathan, B. S., Jennifer, L. S., & Teresa, A. V.(2020). Attenuated reward activations associated with cannabis use in anxious/depressed individuals. Journal of Psychiatric Research, Translational Psychiatry, 10:189 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0807-9
Turna, J., William Simpson, B. P., & Philippe Lucas, M. V. (2019). Ameringen Cannabis use behaviors and prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in acohort of Canadian medicinal cannabis users. Journal of Psychiatric Research Volume 111, Pages: 134-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.024
Wright, M., Ciano, P. D., & Brands, B. (2020). Use of Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Anxiety: A Short Synthesis of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Evidence. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2019.0052
Zuardi, A. W., Rodrigues, N. P., Silva, A. L., Bernardo, S. A., Hallak, J. E. C., Guimarães, F. S., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2017). Inverted U-Shaped Dose-Response Curve of the Anxiolytic Effect of Cannabidiol during Public Speaking in Real Life. Front Pharmacol. 11,8:259. https://doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00259
Laboissière, P. (2017). No Dia Mundial da Saúde, OMS alerta sobre depressão. História ciências Saúde Manguinhos http://www.revistahcsm.coc.fiocruz.br/no-dia-mundial-da-saude-oms-alerta-sobre-depressao/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Adriana Rosa Bueno; Jessica Vanina Ortiz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
